Objetivou-se avaliar a variabilidade do valor nutritivo entre cultivares de cana-de-açúcar, estimar a correlação entre digestibilidade e produtividade da planta e definir características químicas e agronômicas mais correlacionadas ao valor nutritivo. Vinte cultivares de cana-de-açúcar foram cultivados em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, em Campos, RJ, Brasil. As plantas foram colhidas com Brix superior a 18%, a partir de 370 dias do corte da segunda soca. Características agronômicas e químicas e as degradabilidades ruminais in situ da FDN e da MS foram avaliadas. A produtividade foi 21,2±5,7t de MS/ha, e a degradabilidade ruminal da MS (DEG MS) foi 57,1±2,6% do incubado (média±DP). A degradabilidade ruminal da FDN foi 19,8±2,42% do incubado. Nenhuma variável avaliada foi correlacionada à degradabilidade da FDN (P>0,10). Obter cultivares que conciliam alta produtividade com alta DEG MS é viável, pois a correlação tanto fenotípica quanto genética entre esses caracteres foi pequena. A h2para a DEG MS foi superior a 85%. Variáveis indiretamente correlacionadas à DEG MS tiveram menor h2 que o desta variável. Canas com baixo conteúdo de fibra, com colmos curtos e com alta relação entre colmos e folhas, foram mais digestíveis.

The objective was to evaluate the variability of nutritive value among sugarcane cultivars, to estimate the correlation between plant digestibility and productivity, and to define agronomical and chemical traits most correlated with nutritive value. Twenty sugarcane cultivars were cultivated in a completely randomized block design with four replicates in Campos, RJ, Brazil. Plants were harvested when the Brix was superior to 18%, starting at 370 days after the second ratoon cut. Agronomical and chemical traits and the ruminal NDF and DM in situ degradability were evaluated. Productivity was 21.2±5.7t of DM/ha and ruminal DM degradability (DM DEG) was 57.1±2.6% of incubated (mean±SD). Ruminal NDF degradability was 19.8±2.42% of incubated, and none of the variables evaluated were correlated to the NDF degradability (P>0.10). Obtaining cultivars that conciliate high productivity to high digestibility is feasible, since the phenotypic and the genetic correlation between these traits were low. The estimated h2for the DM DEG was superior to 85%. Variables indirectly correlated to the digestibility had smaller h2 than the one for this variable. Sugarcane with low fiber content, short stalk length and high stalk to leaves ratio were more digestible.

As cultivares de feijão com grão tipo Carioca devem possuir, entre outros caracteres, resistência ao Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, agente causal da antracnose, e possuir halo de cor clara. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi conhecer o controle genético desses dois caracteres, visando orientar os futuros trabalhos de melhoramento. Os genitores utilizados foram P-45, EMGOPA 201-Ouro e Carioca-300V, sendo que o P-45 possui halo marrom escuro e o EMGOPA 201-Ouro, halo amarelo, ambos resistentes ao Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. O genitor Carioca-300V é suscetível, porém possui cor de grão e de halo desejáveis. Do intercruzamento desses genitores obtiveram-se três populações que foram avaliadas nas gerações F1 e F2 para os dois caracteres. O cruzamento Carioca-300V x P-45 indicou que o alelo Mex.2, que condiciona resistência ao patógeno, está ligado a um dos alelos que determinam a cor marrom escura do halo com uma freqüência de recombinação de 0,0604 ± 0,0232. Do cruzamento EMGOPA 201-Ouro x Carioca-300V, verificou-se que o alelo de resistência do EMGOPA 201-Ouro é independente dos alelos que determinam halo amarelo e também independente do alelo de resistência Mex.2, de acordo com o cruzamento EMGOPA 201-Ouro x P-45.

An important trait for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars with Carioca type grain is resistance to Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, which causes anthracnose and a pale corona. The present study was conducted to understand the genetic control of common bean reaction to the fungus and of the corona color, to provide guides to future breeding studies. Genotypes P-45, with brown corona, and EMGOPA 201-Ouro, with yellow corona, are resistant to C. lindemuthianum. Cultivar Carioca is susceptible to anthracnose, but it has desirable grain and corona color. Anthracnose resistance and corona color were studied in the F1 and F2 generations of three populations resulting from crosses of P-45, EMGOPA 201-Ouro, and Carioca. The Carioca x P-45 cross indicated that the Mex.2 allele, which conditions resistance to the pathogen, is linked with a recombination frequency of 0.0604 ± 0.0232 to one of the alleles which determines the dark brown corona color. The EMGOPA 201-Ouro x Carioca cross revealed that the resistance allele of EMGOPA 201-Ouro was independent from the alleles which determine the yellow corona. These resistance alleles were also determined to be independent according to EMGOPA 201-Ouro x P-45 cross results.

Six common bean cultivars were crossed in diallel and the segregant populations were assessed in the F2 and F3 generations to compare methodologies for parental selection in a breeding program based on hybridization. The cultivars involved in the diallel were A 114, A 77, ESAL 686, Milionário, Carioca, and Flor de Mayo. The segregant F2 and F3 generations were assessed on the experimental campus of the Universidade Federal de Larvas, in July 1994. It was found that the cultivars differed in their general combining ability (GCA). Flor de Mayo, which belongs to the Durango race, had the largest positive GCA estimate for grain field, and the cultivars from the Mesoamerican race, Milionário and A 114, the smallest GCA estimates. For flowering, the cultivar that most contributed to reduced plant cycle was ESAL 686. There was agreement among the results obtained from the diallel and the estimates of the parameter m + a of the populations. However, it was evident that the estimate of genetic variance of the populations should be considered as a condition to identify the hybrid population that will produce a line with high performance.