ABSTRACT Purpose To use a 3D printed poly (L-lactide) acid (PLLA) and hydroxyapatite (HA) composite as a bone substitute for reconstruction of a critical bone defect in the radius of rabbits. Methods A 1.5 cm ostectomy was performed in the radial diaphysis of 60 New Zealand white rabbits. The rabbits were divided into three groups according to surgical treatment of the bone defect (group I – control, group II – bone graft, group III – 3D PLLA). Each group was divided into four subgroups with different radiographic and histopathologic evaluation times (T1 – 15 days, T2 – 30 days, T3 – 60 days, T4 – 90 days). Results The implant group had greater clinically lameness (p = 0.02), edema (p = 0.007), pain (p = 0.04) and more complications at the surgical site (p = 0.03). Histologically, this group showed greater congestion (p = 0.04), hemorrhage (p = 0.04) and inflammation. Osteogenesis was microscopically similar between days (p = 0.54) and treatments (p = 0.17), even though radiographically, more effective bone healing occurred in the graft group (II), with more callus and bone bridge formation. Conclusions The customization of a 3D PLLA/HA scaffold was successful. However, in animals receiving the polymer-ceramic composite less bone callus and bone bridge was formed compared to the graft group.

PURPOSE : To describe video-assisted ovariohysterectomy (OHE) with two portals access in adult intact queens. METHODS Fifty-two females cats were used. A 4 mm cannula was positioned in the abdomen through an incision close to the umbilicus (first portal), and a pneumoperitoneum was established. A second portal was positioned in the midline of the pre-pubic region. Females were positioned in right lateral recumbency to locate the left ovarian pedicle, and the uterine horn was held by a transcutaneous suture. The pedicle was cauterized and incised. The procedure was then performed on the contralateral ovary. The ovaries were exteriorized from the abdomen, along with the uterus, through the second access point. The uterine body was exposed, fixed and sectioned, and the abdominal incisions were sutured. RESULTS Surgeries were performed in an average of 41.4±14.2 minutes. The main complications included hypotension (7.7%) and subcutaneous emphysema (7.7%), and 13.5% of the surgeries were converted to laparotomy. CONCLUSION Ovariohysterectomy using a video-assisted technique and two access portals is safe, has minimal risks and is effective for the spaying of queens.

A oclusão do ponto lacrimal inferior limita a drenagem da lágrima, mantendo-a sobre a superfície ocular, prolonga a lubrificação e minimiza a posologia de lubrificantes. Objetivou-se, com este estudo, avaliar a efetividade dos adesivos n-butil-cianoacrilato e 2-octil-cianocacrilato, na oclusão do ponto e canalículo lacrimais inferiores de cães e suas repercussões clínicas durante 180 dias. Para tanto, utilizaram-se 11 cães distribuídos em dois grupos: oclusão com n-butil-cianoacrilato (GB, n=6) e com 2-octil-cianoacrilato (GO; n=5). A produção lacrimal foi avaliada previamente ao procedimento e, posteriormente, aos 3, 7, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150 e 180 dias, assim como blefarospasmo, secreção ocular, epífora e hiperemia conjuntival. A produção lacrimal de GB diferiu significativamente de seu controle no momento T90 (P=0,0282). Entre momentos, T7 (p=0,0069) e T180 (P=0,0207), diferiram de T0. Em GO, comparando-se tratamento e controle, T15 (P<0,001) diferiu-se estatisticamente dos demais. Ao se compararem os momentos, verificou-se que T15 diferiu significativamente de T0 (P= 0,0044), T3 (P= 0,0234), T60 (P= 0,0207) e T 90 (P= 0,0482). Não foi observada diferença entre os tratamentos ao longo do tempo. Concluiu-se que ambos os adesivos foram efetivos para a oclusão da drenagem lacrimal por longo período, sendo uma opção factível para animais com deficiência do filme lacrimal

The occlusion of the inferior lacrimal punctum limits tear drainage and thus keeps it over the ocular surface, prolongs lubrication and minimizes the need of ocular lubricants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of n-butyl-cyanoacrylate and 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate adhesives in the occlusion of the inferior lacrimal punctum and canaliculi of dogs and their clinical repercussions over 180 days. Eleven dogs, were divided into two groups: occlusion with n-butyl-cyanoacrylate (GB, n=6) and with 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate (GO, n=5). Tear production, blepharospasm, ocular discharge, epiphora and conjunctival hyperemia were analyzed before the procedure and on days (T) 3,7,15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 after the procedure. Tear production of GB was significantly higher at T90 (P=0.0282) than its control. Variations between days showed that T7 (P=0.0069) and T180 (P=0.0207) varied significantly from T0. In the GO group, when treatment was compared to control, T15 (P<0.001) was significantly different from the rest. Variations between days showed that T15 was significantly different than T0 (P=0.0044), T3 (P=0.0234), T60 (P=0.0207) and T90 (P=0.0482). No significant difference was observed between the treatment groups at any given time. It was concluded that both adhesives were effective in occluding lacrimal drainage for long periods and could thus be considered as therapeutic options in treating animals with lacrimal deficiency

A linfadenectomia laparoscópica é realizada de forma rotineira na medicina, contudo é pouco utilizada na veterinária. Neste relato, um canino fêmea apresentando tumores na cadeia mamária esquerda (M4 e M5), foi submetido à aplicação intradérmica do azul de metileno estéril, ao redor do maior tumor (M5), buscando-se demarcação dos vasos linfáticos e linfonodos regionais. Após 15 minutos, iniciou-se a linfadenectomia abdominal videolaparoscópica na região inguinal esquerda, seguida da ovário-histerectomia (OVH) lapararoscópica com três portais. Realizou-se ainda mastectomia total unilateral esquerda. Pela histologia, obtiveram-se dois linfonodos abdominais livres de células tumorais. A paciente não apresentou recidiva em 60 dias.

The laparoscopic lymphadenectomy is routinely performed in medicine, but not in veterinary medicine. This report describes a case of female canine with tumors in the left mammary chain (M4 and M5), which was subjected to intra-dermal application of sterile methylene blue, around the largest tumor (M5) which tried to demarcate the lymphatic vessels and regional lymph nodes. After 15 minutes, laparoscopic lymphadenectomy involving the abdominal in the left pelvic region started, followed by laparoscopic ovariohysterctomy (OVH) using three portals access. It was also performed an unilateral left total mastectomy. For histology, two abdominal lymph nodes were free of tumor cells. The patient had no recurrence in 60 days.

Cirurgia endoscópica por orifícios naturais (NOTES) constitui um acesso cirúrgico relativamente novo para abordagem minimamente invasiva, a qual vem sendo amplamente estudada na medicina humana. Porém, poucos estudos envolvendo sua aplicação na prática cirúrgica de pequenos animais foram realizados até o momento. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a factibilidade da ovário-histerectomia transvaginal por NOTES pura em cadelas. Cinco cadelas foram avaliadas. A cavidade abdominal foi acessada por um trocarte de 11mm introduzido por uma incisão vaginal. Empregando-se um endoscópio rígido com canal de trabalho, os pedículos ovarianos foram coagulados e seccionados usando-se diatermia bipolar. O corno uterino foi tracionado para o interior do trocarte e exteriorizado juntamente com a cânula. O corpo e vasos uterinos foram coagulados ou ligados com sutura. O coto uterino foi reposicionado na cavidade abdominal e o pneumoperitônio, drenado. O procedimento foi realizado com sucesso em quatro das cinco cadelas. Na primeira tentativa, houve conversão para uma técnica de NOTES-híbrida, devido à quebra de uma pinça de coagulação. O tempo cirúrgico médio foi 52,1 (DP±11,5 minutos) para a técnica de NOTES pura. A OHE por NOTES pura é factível em cadelas, sem resultar em complicações maiores e proporcionando excelente recuperação pós-operatória.

Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) is a relatively new surgical access for minimally invasive surgery, which is being widely studied in human medicine. However, few studies focusing on its applicability in the small animal practice have been performed so far. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the feasibility of pure-NOTES transvaginal ovariohysterectomy in bitches. Five bitches were evaluated. The abdomen was accessed through an 11mm trocar inserted through a vaginal incision. Using a rigid endoscope with working channel, the ovarian pedicles were coagulated and sectioned using bipolar diathermy. The uterine horn was pulled into the trocar and exteriorized along with the cannula. The uterine body and vessels were coagulated or ligated. The uterine stump was replaced into the abdominal cavity and the pneumoperitoneum drained. Pure-NOTES OHE was successfully accomplished in four out of five bitches. In the first try, it was converted to a hybrid-NOTES technique due to instrument failure. Mean surgical time was 52.1 (SD±11.5 minutes) for the pure-NOTES technique. Pure-NOTES OHE is feasible in bitches, which may result in no major complications and excellent surgical recovery.