Abstract INTRODUCTION: Crotalus envenomations cause serious complications and can be fatal without appropriate treatment. Venom isoforms present and inter/intraspecific variations in the venom composition can result in different symptoms presented by bites by snakes from the same species but from different geographical regions. We comparatively evaluated the local and systemic effects caused by Crotalus durissus terrificus (Cdt), C.d. collilineatus (Cdcolli), and C.d. cascavella (Cdcasc) envenomation. METHODS: Venom chromatography was performed. Proteolytic, phospholipase, and LAAO activities were analyzed. Edema, myotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and coagulation alterations were evaluated. RESULTS: The venom SDS-PAGE analyses found the presence of convulxin, gyroxin, crotoxin, and crotamine in Cdt and Cdcolli venoms. Crotamine was not present in the Cdcasc venom. Cdt, Cdcollli, and Cdcasc venoms had no proteolytic activity. Only Cdcasc and Cdt venoms had phospholipase activity. LAAO activity was observed in Cdcolli and Cdcasc venoms. Cdcolli and Cdcasc venoms caused 36.7% and 13.3% edema increases, respectively. Cdt venom caused a 10% edema induction compared to those by other venoms. All venoms increased TOTAL-CK, MB-CK, and LDH levels (indicating muscle injury) and ALT, AST, GGT, and ALP levels (markers of liver damage) and were able to induce a neuromuscular blockade. Urea and creatinine levels were also altered in both plasma and urine, indicating kidney damage. Only Cdcolli and Cdcasc venoms increased TAPP and TAP. CONCLUSIONS: Together, these results allow us to draw a distinction between local and systemic effects caused by Crotalus subspecies, highlighting the clinical and biochemical effects produced by their respective venoms.

Este estudo se propõe a avaliar o perfil farmacocinético de comprimidos contendo lamivudina e zidovudina associados, produzidos pelo Laboratório Farmacêutico do Estado de Pernambuco - LAFEPE. O medicamento foi administrado em 10 voluntários sadios e foram observadas as concentrações plasmáticas dos dois anti-retrovirais durante 12 horas. A partir das concentrações plasmáticas foi possível encontrar os parâmetros farmacocinéticos de ambos os fármacos através de cálculos estatísticos. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com aqueles resultantes de experimentos realizados por outros autores descritos neste trabalho, em que se verificou não haver diferenças significativas entre os valores encontrados e os descritos na literatura e que o fato dos anti-retrovirais estarem associados na mesma formulação não modificou o perfil cinético de nenhuma das substâncias.

The purpose of this work was an evaluation of the pharmacokinetic profile from lamivudine and zidovudine combination tablets, produced by Laboratório Farmacêutico do Estado de Pernambuco - LAFEPE. The formulation was administered in 10 volunteers and the concentration-time serum profile was observed from both antiretroviral agents during 12 hours. From concentration-time serum profile the pharmacokinetic parameters for both drugs were calculated by statistical methods. The results were compared with those from experiments carried out by other authors referred in this paper. Differences between the results obtained herein and those from other authors were not significant. The kinetic profile for both substances was not modified by the anti-retroviral combination.

A produção sob cultivo protegido é uma prática relativamente recente no Brasil e a área com tomate nesse ambiente vem crescendo a cada ano, e junto com esse crescimento, cresce também a falta de informações técnicas apropriadas para as nossa condições. Este trabalho avaliou a quantidade absorvida e os teores de micronutrientes pelo tomateiro em ambiente protegido. Foram utilizados diferentes fertilizantes, via solo, foliar e fertirrigação, foi utilizada a cultivar Lúcia, o experimento foi instalado em Piracicaba-SP, no período de dez/95 a março/96. O delineamento utilizado foi o aleatorizados em blocos, com três tratamentos e seis repetições. Em média, a planta apresentou na época do florescimento (35 dias após transplante) a seguinte concentração em mg kg-1: 56,1 de B; 107,8 de Cu, 440,4 de Fe; 313,8 de Mn e 194,9 de Zn. Para uma produção de 10.2 kg m-2 a planta extraiu em g m-2: 0,0274 de B; 0,0826 de Cu; 0,1694 de Fe; 0,1702 de Mn e 0,1133 de Zn.

Production under protected cultivation is a relatively new practice in Brazil, and the area planted to tomatoes in such an environment is increasing year by year. Along with this growth comes a lack of proper technical information regarding our present stand. This work evaluates the grade and the quantity of micronutrients absolved by the tomato plant in a protected environment. Fertilizers were applied via soil, leaves and fertirrigating, using the cultivar Lucia. The experiment was carried out in Piracicaba, SP, Brazil, from December/95 to March/96. A completely random design was used with three treatments and six replications. At the flowering stage, plants presented the following micronutrient concentrations in mg kg-1: 56.1 of B; 107.8 of Cu, 440.4 of Fe; 313.8 of Mn e 194.9 of Zn. For a yield of 10.2 kg m-2, plants extracted the following quantities of nutrient in g m-2: 0.0274 of B; 0.0826 of Cu; 0.1694 of Fe; 0.1702 of Mn e 0.1133 of Zn.