The results of a study on nematode fauna occurring in wild iguanas (Iguana iguana) from Brazilian Northeast (Alagoas and Maranhão) and Central-west (Goiás and Mato Grosso) areas were presented. Six adult iguanas, three males and three females, were necropsied and the digestive system removed to examination. All the iguana specimens were heavily parasitized. The helminths diagnosed were: Ozolaimus cirratus in the cecum and colon of five iguanas; Ozolaimus megatyphlon in cecum, colon and rectum of three iguanas; and Alaeuris vogelsangi in the small intestine, cecum, colon and rectum of five animals. Two larvae of Ozolaimus sp. were recovered from the pyloric region of the stomach of one iguana. The three diagnosed species of nematodes were reported for the first time in the Brazilian Central-West region.

Descreveu-se o sistema reprodutor feminino em três espécies de mico-leão Leontopithecus (Lesson 1840), cativos: L. rosalia, L. chrysopygus e L. chrysomelas. A vulva está delimitada pelos lábios vulvares menores e com clitóris conspícuo. A superfície do períneo urogenital apresenta elevações papilares mais concentradas nos lábios vulvares, conferindo-lhe aspecto rugoso. O vestíbulo vaginal constitui um tubo muscular de parede espessa que se estende da rima da vulva até o óstio da vagina. A vagina é um tubo muscular alongado e achatado dorsoventralmente, que comunica o vestíbulo vaginal ao colo uterino. O útero piriforme está localizado na porção caudal da cavidade abdominal. Craniolateralmente abrem-se tubas uterinas convolutas e ovários grosseiramente fusiformes de superfície lisa.

It is described the female genital tract of three species of lion tamarin: Leontopithecus rosalia, L. chrysopygus, and L. chrysomelas. Fifteen animals were selected from the Museum of the Center of Primatology of Rio de Janeiro - CPRJ/FEEMA. The vulva is delimited by the labia and has a conspicuous clitoris. The surface of the urogenital perineum has papillary elevations more concentrated in the labia, which results in a rough aspect. The vestibule is a thick-walled muscular tube, extending from the pudendal cleft to the vaginal orifice. The vagina is an elongated and flat muscular tube, which communicates dorsoventrally the vestibulum and the cervix of uterus. The pyriform uterus is located in the caudal portion of the abdominal cavity. Craniolaterally, the convolute uterine tubes open, enveloping the ovaries, which are roughly fusiform with a smooth surface.

Estudaram-se achados de necropsia de 454 espécimens de Leontopithecus. Quatorze (3,1%) apresentaram-se infectados por acantocéfalos intestinais identificados como Prosthenorchis elegans (Diesing, 1861). Não foram observadas diferenças na ocorrência do parasito quanto à espécie, origem - cativos ou selvagens - e sexo. Clinicamente os animais apresentaram-se com o pelame eriçado, apatia, inapetência, dores abdominais e diarréia. Em dois animais parasitados (14,2%), observou-se perfuração da parede intestinal. As lesões encontradas caracterizaram-se por uma grave enterite ulcerativa. A ocorrência desses parasitos reforça a necessidade do estabelecimento de protocolos sanitários rígidos no manejo das espécies de primatas do neotrópico.

This study assessed the autopsy findings of 454 Leontopithecus specimens, 14 of which (3.1%) were infected by intestinal Acanthocephala identified as Prosthenorchis elegans (Diesing, 1861). No difference in the occurrence of the parasite was observed regarding the species, origin (captive or wild) and sex of the lion tamarins. Clinically, the animals had spiked coat, apathy, inappetence, abdominal pain and diarrhea. Two of the parasitized animals (14.2%) had perforation of the intestinal wall. The lesions found were characterized as a severe ulcerative enteritis. The occurrence of such parasites highlights the need for establishing strict sanitary protocols for the management of the neotropical primate species.