Increase the yield is the main purpose in the processes of agronomic management and plant breeding, therefore the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of 7 doses of gibberellic acid (0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg L-1) and 2 doses of TRIGGRR FOLIAR (0 and 5 ml L-1) in the yield of adult plants of sacha inchi, under a RCBD with factorials. The application of the growth regulators induced the formation of new branches and new female flowers. The number of fruits increased as the concentration of gibberellic acid increased to 60 mg L-1, but concentrations of 80 and 100 mg L-1 induced the formation of fewer fruits. The treatment that contained 60 mg L-1 of gibberellic acid and 5 ml L-1 of TRIGGRR increased the yield in adult plants from 841 to 1278 kg-1 ha-1 year-1. The results of this study show that gibberellic acid is a growth regulator with the potential to induce new branches and promote the development of new female flowers and fruits in sacha inchi

Incrementar el rendimiento es la finalidad en los procesos de manejo agronómico y mejoramiento genético, por lo que el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de 7 dosis de ácido giberélico (0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 y 100 mg L-1) complementado con 2 dosis de TRIGGRR FOLIAR (0 y 5 ml L-1) en el rendimiento de plantas adultas de sacha inchi, bajo un DBCA con factoriales. La aplicación de los reguladores de crecimiento indujo la formación de nuevas ramas y flores femeninas. El número de frutos incrementó a medida que se incrementó también la concentración de ácido giberélico hasta 60 mg L-1, pero concentraciones de 80 y 100 mg L-1 desarrollaron menor cantidad de frutos. El tratamiento que contenía 60 mg L-1 de ácido giberélico y 5 ml L-1 de TRIGGRR permitió incrementar el rendimiento en plantas adultas desde 841 hasta 1278 kg-1 ha-1 año-1. Los resultados de este estudio muestran que el ácido giberélico es un regulador de crecimiento de las plantas con el potencial de inducir nuevas ramas y promover el desarrollo de nuevas flores femeninas y frutos en sacha inchi

Resumen Las semillas de sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis), conocido comúnmente como ‘maní de los incas’, poseen altos niveles de proteínas y ácidos grasos insaturados por lo que su demanda en el mercado mundial es cada vez mayor. En el presente estudio, realizado en el Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, San Martín, se evaluaron varios métodos para enraizar en microtúneles estacas juveniles de esta especie originaria de la Amazonía, con el fin de obtener plantas con características genéticas superiores y acortar los ciclos de producción. Para el efecto se realizaron sendos experimentos en diseños de bloques completos al azar. De acuerdo con estudios previos, en el primero se utilizaron estacas juveniles de 8 cm y una solución que contenía 2000 ppm de ácido indolbutírico (AIB) y se probaron dos tipos de sustrato (arena y pellets ‘Jiffy’) y dos frecuencias de irrigación consistentes en nebulización una o tres veces al día durante 30 segundos. En el segundo experimento se utilizaron nuevamente estacas juveniles de 8 cm de longitud para probar tres niveles de área foliar (25, 50 y 75 cm2) y cinco concentraciones de AIB (0, 1000, 2000, 4000 y 6000 ppm). Los datos fueron sometidos a análisis de varianza y las medias fueron comparadas mediante la prueba de Tukey (P < 0.05). Los resultados mostraron que el uso de pellets Jiffy, un riego nebulizado por día, estacas de 8 cm de longitud con 75 cm2 de área foliar, y 2000 ppm de AIB inducen altos porcentajes de enraizamiento (93.3 %) y el mejor desarrollo radicular en la propagación vegetativa del sacha inchi.

Abstract The seeds of sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) have high levels of proteins and unsaturated fatty acids, and due to their nutraceutical potential, their demand in the international market has increased in recent years. This study aims at developing a method for rooting juvenile cuttings of sacha inchi in microtunnels, in order to propagate plants with superior genetic traits and shorten production cycles. Two experiments were carried out in randomized complete block designs. In the first experiment were used juvenile cuttings of 8 cm and 2000 ppm of indolebutyric acid (IBA) according to previous studies, and tested two types of substrates (sand and Jiffy pellets) and two frequencies of nebulized irrigation (once per day and three times per day, each application was for 30 seconds). In the second experiment were used again cuttings of 8 cm, and tested three levels of leaf area (25, 50 and 75 cm2) and five concentrations of IBA (0, 1000, 2000, 4000 and 6000 ppm). Data were submitted to analysis of variance and means were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. The results show that using Jiffy pellets, one nebulized irrigation per day, juvenile cuttings of 8 cm length with 75 cm2 of leaf area, and 2000 ppm of IBA induced high percentages of rooting (93.3%) and the best root formation in the process of vegetative propagation of sacha inchi.

RESUMO Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) é uma oleaginosa que vem ganhando importância devido ao fato de suas sementes possuírem grandes quantidades de proteínas e ácidos graxos insaturados. Objetivou-se avaliar as características de crescimento de cinco leguminosas (Crotalaria juncea,Centrosema macrocarpum,Arachis pintoi,Cannavalia ensiformis e Phaseolus vulgaris) como plantas de cobertura, bem como determinar sua influência no rendimento de sacha inchi. Utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três blocos. C. macrocarpum e C. ensiformis mostraram-se mais adequadas às condições edafoclimáticas locais, pois atingiram 100 % da cobertura do solo aos seis meses, bem como controlaram o crescimento de plantas daninhas e protegeram o solo da erosão. Além disso, a biomassa foliar total aos seis meses foi significativamente maior na C. macrocarpum e permitiu melhorar a fertilidade do solo por meio da ciclagem de nitrogênio. O uso de leguminosas de cobertura, principalmente C. macrocarpum, influenciou positivamente no rendimento de sacha inchi.

ABSTRACT Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) is an oilseed crop that has gained importance due to the high contents of proteins and unsaturated fatty acids in its seeds. This study aimed at evaluating the growth characteristics of five leguminous species (Crotalaria juncea,Centrosema macrocarpum,Arachis pintoi,Cannavalia ensiformis and Phaseolus vulgaris) used as cover crops, as well as determining their influence on the sacha inchi yield. A complete randomized block design, with three blocks, was used. C. macrocarpum and C. ensiformis were the most appropriate cover crop species for the local edaphoclimatic conditions because they reached 100 % of soil coverage at six months, in addition to controlling the weeds growth and protecting the soil from erosion. Furthermore, the total leaf biomass at six months was significantly higher in C. macrocarpum, what allowed improving the soil fertility through nitrogen cycling. The use of leguminous cover crops, mainly C. macrocarpum, positively influenced the sacha inchi yield.