Abstract Introduction: The descending thoracic aorta (DTA) has been used as inflow mostly as a secondary option for revascularization after either graft failure/infection or other intra-abdominal pathologies contraindicating a standard abdominal aortic approach. The objective of this review is to summarize current evidence on the use of this inflow site for revascularization procedures. Methods: A comprehensive electronic literature search was performed, using PubMed and Embase databases. All literature published in English in the last 30 years was considered. The main goal was to assess the feasibility and practicality of implementing this approach in cases of severe and complex aortoiliac lesions. Results: Our review comprised 11 articles. DTA has been used predominately as a secondary option. The 30-day mortality rate was 4% (9/222). Secondary graft patency at 5-years was generally high across all studies. The use of DTA as inflow has been shown to be a safe and effective option for aorto-iliac reconstruction. Conclusion: DTA can be used safely as an inflow for lower-limb revascularization and it remains an important tool in the vascular surgeon's armamentarium.

Abstract Sperm cryopreservation is an important tool for genetic diversity management programs and the conservation of endangered breeds and species. The most widely used method of sperm conservation is slow freezing, however, during the process, sperm cells suffer from cryoinjury, which reduces their viability and fertility rates. One of the alternatives to slow freezing is vitrification, that consist on rapid freezing, in which viable cells undergo glass-like solidification. This technology requires large concentrations of permeable cryoprotectants (P- CPA’s) which increase the viscosity of the medium to prevent intracellular ice formation during cooling and warming, obtaining successful results in vitrification of oocytes and embryos. Unfortunately, this technology failed when applied to vitrification of sperm due to its higher sensitivity to increasing concentrations of P-CPAs. Alternatively, a technique termed ‘kinetic sperm vitrification’ has been used and consists in a technique of permeant cryoprotectant-free cryopreservation by direct plunging of a sperm suspension into liquid nitrogen. Some of the advantages of kinetic vitrification are the speed of execution and no rate-controlled equipment required. This technique has been used successfully and with better results for motility in human (50-70% motility recovery), dog (42%), fish (82%) and donkey (21.7%). However, more studies are required to improve sperm viability after devitrification, especially when it comes to motility recovery. The objective of this review is to present the principles of kinetic vitrification, the main findings in the literature, and the perspectives for the utilization of this technique as a cryopreservation method.

Sibipiruna (Cenostigma pluviosum var. pelthophoroides) trees are common in the São Paulo city urban forest, but they may cause accidents when deteriorated by wood-decaying fungi due to trunk rupture and tree fall. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate anatomical, physical, and mechanical changes in sibipiruna wood attacked by Ganoderma australe. Adult trees with basidiomata of this fungus and at imminent fall risk were macro and microscopically analyzed to investigate wood biodeterioration and resistance mechanisms (compartmentalization). Physical and mechanical tests (specific gravity, mechanism of resistance and static bending) were performed. In sibipiruna trees, degradation was observed in the heartwood, being more intense in the region near the pith and more extensive at the stem base, from where basidiomata were collected. Fungal attack was characterized as white pocket rot, i.e. non-selective to cell wall components, causing erosion of the S2 layer from the cell lumen. Decaying wood was also attacked by xylophagous insects, like the subterranean termite Coptotermes gestroi and wood-boring beetles. Wood compartmentalization was characterized by accumulation of extractives. White rot caused significant reductions in specific gravity, modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity, which justify the rupture of trees when subjected to external forces, such as strong winds.

Ã�rvores da espécie sibipiruna (Cenostigma pluviosum var. pelthophoroides) são muito comuns na arborização urbana da cidade de São Paulo, mas podem causar acidentes quando deterioradas por fungos decompositores de madeira, devido à ruptura do tronco, resultando na queda dessas árvores. Portanto, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar mudanças anatômicas, fÃsicas e mecânicas na madeira da sibipiruna atacada por Ganoderma australe. Ã�rvores adultas com a presença de basidiomas desse fungo e em iminente risco de queda foram analisados macro e microscopicamente para investigar a biodeterioração e os mecanismos de resistência da árvore (compartimentalização). Foram efetuados ensaios fÃsicos e mecânicos (massa especÃfica, resistência e módulo de elasticidade à flexão estática). Na árvore de sibipiruna, a degradação ocorreu no cerne, sendo mais intenso próximo à medula e mais extensiva no colo da árvore, onde os basidiomas foram coletados. O ataque do fungo foi identificado como podridão branca em bolsas, i.e. não-seletivo aos componentes da parede celular, causando a erosão da camada S2 do lumen celular. A madeira degradada também foi atacada por insetos xilófagos, como o cupim subterrâneo Coptotermes gestroi e besouros de madeira. A compartimentalização da madeira foi caracterizada pelo acúmulo de extrativos. Podridão branca causou significativa redução na massa especÃfica e no módulo de elasticidade, o que justifica a ruptura das árvores quando sujeitas às forças externas, tais como fortes ventos.

Resumo Neste artigo, técnicas preditivas de mineração de dados são aplicadas para descobrir padrões de desempenho acadêmico na competência linguística dos testes Saber 5 apresentados por alunos de escolas primárias colombianas em 2017. Para isso, foi usada a metodologia CRISP-DM e o socioeconômico, foram consideradas as informações acadêmicas e institucionais das bases de dados do ICFES. Um conjunto de dados mineráveis foi obtido usando técnicas de limpeza e transformação de dados e uma árvore de decisão foi construída com o algoritmo J48 da ferramenta Weka. Entre os preditores dos padrões descobertos estão a natureza e a localização da escola, se os alunos foram ou não reprovados, a faixa etária, a escolaridade da mãe e as taxas de TIC e eletrodomésticos nas residências. O conhecimento produzido nesta pesquisa é informação de qualidade para a tomada de decisões nos MEN e nas secretarias de educação e para os diretores de instituições de educação primária definirem planos de melhoria que resultem na qualidade da educação na Colômbia.

Abstract In this paper, predictive data mining techniques are applied to determine the academic performance from fifth grade students in the Saber 5° tests Language skill at Colombian elementary schools in 2017. We employed the CRISP-DM methodology. Socioeconomic, academic, and institutional information was available at the ICFES databases. A minable dataset was obtained using data cleaning and transformation techniques. A decision tree was built with the Weka tool J48 algorithm. Some of the predictors of the discovered patterns are the nature and location of the school, whether or not students failed a school year, the age group, the mother's educational attainment, and the rates of ICTs and household appliances. The findings of this research serve as quality information for the decision-making at the Ministry of National Education (MEN) and the secretaries of education, and for the directors of elementary educational institutions to define improvement plans that result in the quality of elementary school education in Colombia.

Resumen En este artículo se aplican técnicas predictivas de minería de datos para descubrir patrones de desempeño académico en la competencia de Lenguaje de las pruebas Saber 5° que presentaron los estudiantes de las instituciones educativas colombianas de básica primaria en el año 2017. Para tal fin, se utilizó la metodología CRISP-DM y se tuvo en cuenta la información socioeconómica, académica e institucional de las bases de datos del ICFES. Se obtuvo un conjunto de datos minable utilizando técnicas de limpieza y transformación de datos y se construyó un árbol de decisión con el algoritmo J48 de la herramienta Weka. Entre los factores predictores de los patrones descubiertos están la naturaleza y la ubicación del colegio, si los estudiantes reprobaron o no algún grado, el grupo etario, la educación de la madre y los índices de TICs y electrodomésticos en los hogares. El conocimiento producido en esta investigación es información de calidad para la toma de decisiones en el MEN y las secretarías de educación y para que las directivas de las instituciones educativas de básica primaria definan planes de mejoramiento que redunden en la calidad de la educación en Colombia.

Abstract Background: Individualized risk assessment using comorbidity adjustment is an important component in modern clinical practice and can be performed considering individual comorbidities or through the use of summary measures. The Charlson Comorbidity Index adjusted to age (CCIa) is the most widely validated and used comorbidity assessment tool. Studies have proved CCIa as a strong predictor of mortality for a variety of medical and surgical conditions; however, its utility in patients submitted to elective endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) has not been studied. Methods: Patients submitted to EVAR between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2021 in our tertiary, academic Vascular Surgery Department were retrospectively evaluated and 123 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Patient characteristics and peri-operative variables were collected and CCIa was calculated. Surgical complications were classified according to Clavien-Dindo. The area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curves was calculated to validate and determine the discriminating ability of CCIa in predicting complications and mortality and the Youden index used to determine the critical value. Results: Mean age was 73.49±7.95 years and mean follow-up was 30.55±16.49 months. 30-day complication rate was 16%, 30-day mortality 1.63% and overall mortality 16%. Patients with higher CCIa had higher overall mortality (p=.002) but CCIa had no impact on 30-day complication rate and on 30-day mortality. Logistic regression showed that even after adjusting for patient´s comorbidities individually, CCIa was the only independent mortality predictor (p=.003). The optimal cutoff associated with higher overall mortality was found to be ≥6. Conclusion: CCIa does not seem to predict complications and early mortality after EVAR but it seems to be a useful predictor of mid-term survival after EVAR. These results show the limited role of this score in predicting outcomes after surgery but may help identify a sub-population whose shorter life-expectancy should be considered towards the benefits of EVAR.

ABSTRACT Objective: The optimal time for a neck ultrasound (US) in the follow-up of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) after the first year is undetermined. We aimed to verify the utility of routine neck US in the surveillance of patients diagnosed with low- and intermediate-risk PTC with no evidence of disease at the one-year assessment. Materials and methods: We conducted a retrospective longitudinal study of patients with low- and intermediate-risk PTC with normal neck US, unstimulated serum thyroglobulin (Tg) < 1 ng/mL and negative anti-Tg antibodies at the one-year follow-up. Patients were divided into group 1 [undetectable Tg (<0.20 ng/mL)] and group 2 [detectable Tg but < 1 ng/mL]. The negative predictive value (NPV) of the one-year unstimulated Tg at the five-year and last follow-up visits was calculated. Results: We included n = 88 patients in group 1 and n = 8 patients in group 2. No patient from group 1 presented suspicious US findings at the five-year evaluation [NPV: 100.0% (95% confidence interval (CI): 95.5%-100.0%)], and at the last visit, only one patient had developed a lymph node classified as suspicious [NPV: 98.8% (95% CI: 93.2%-100.0%); mean follow-up: 6.7 years]. In group 2, two patients’ USs presented suspicious findings at the five-year evaluation [NPV: 75.0% (95% CI: 34.9%-96.8%)]. At the last visit, only one patient persisted with suspicious findings in the US [NPV: 87.5% (95% CI: 47.4%-99.7%); mean follow-up: 6.5 years]. Conclusion: Low- and intermediate-risk PTC with an excellent response to treatment at the one-year assessment can be safely monitored with regular unstimulated Tg assessments. Conclusions should not be drawn for Tg levels between 0.20-0.99 ng/mL.

RESUMO A ‘BRS Paranoá’ foi obtida pelo programa de melhoramento genético de cenoura da Embrapa Hortaliças, visando obter uma cultivar adaptada à maioria das regiões produtoras de cenoura em sistema orgânico. Essa cultivar foi desenvolvida através de seleção de progênies meias-irmãs e validada no Brasil. A ‘BRS Paranoá’ é indicada para semeadura nas estações primavera/verão. Essa cultivar apresenta elevada resistência à queima das folhas causada pela associação fungo e bactéria (Alternaria dauci, Cercospora carotae e Xanthomonas hortorum pv. carotae) com desfolhamento entre 20 a 25% aos 100 dias após o plantio (DAP). Além disso, apresenta elevada estabilidade de produção e elevado teto produtivo, superando 32 t ha-1. A ‘BRS Paranoá’ possui ciclo precoce, com a colheita podendo ser realizada a partir dos 85 DAP. As raízes apresentam comprimento variando de 16 a 22 cm, diâmetro de 3 cm, coloração alaranjada intensa, formato cilíndrico e ausência de defeitos fisiológicos externos ou internos. A qualidade pós-colheita foi avaliada e a acidez titulável encontrada foi de 0,20%, sólidos solúveis de 6,9oBrix, carotenoides totais de 78,40 µg g-1 e ß-caroteno (pró-vitamina A) de 22,69 µg g-1. A ‘BRS Paranoá’ foi registrada e protegida pelo Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento e suas sementes têm sido comercializadas pelas principais empresas de sementes de hortaliças no Brasil.

ABSTRACT ‘BRS Paranoá’ was obtained by the carrot breeding program of Embrapa Hortaliças, aiming to obtain a cultivar adapted to most carrot-producing regions in an organic system. It was developed through selection of half-sib progenies and validated in Brazil. ‘BRS Paranoá’ is indicated for sowing in the spring/summer seasons especially because it displays high resistance to leaf blight caused by the fungal and bacterial association (Alternaria dauci, Cercospora carotae, and Xanthomonas hortorum pv. carotae) with defoliation between 20 to 25% at 100 days after planting (DAP), eliminating the need to control this disease with chemical pesticides. In addition, it shows high production stability and an outstanding production exceeding 32 t ha-1. ‘BRS Paranoá’ is an early maturity cultivar, and the harvest can be carried out from 85 DAP when the commercial roots range from 16 to 22 cm, 3 cm diameter, intense orange color, cylindrical shape, and no external or internal physiological defects. The postharvest quality was evaluated and the titratable acidity found was 0.20%, 6.9oBrix soluble solids, 78.40 µg g-1 total carotenoids, and 22.69 µg g-1 ß-carotene (provitamin A). ‘BRS Paranoá’ was registered and protected by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply and its seeds have been marketed by the main vegetable seeds companies in Brazil.

ABSTRACT We report the case of a 6-year-old boy that presented with enlarged lymph nodes on his neck. He complained of tiredness and discouragement, which worsened during feverish periods. There were no relevant laboratory test abnormalities and serological tests were not reactive. Bartonella henselae DNA was detected by species-specific nested polymerase chain reaction. After treatment, the patient progressed with no fever or lymphadenopathy. Bartonellosis is a group of infectious diseases caused by bacteria of the genus Bartonella. This case report is a useful reminder to clinicians that long-term fever of unknown origin can be related to B. henselae infection, even if the specific serology is not reactive.

Resumo: Entende-se a necessidade de dar voz aos professores para conhecer melhor o contexto em que estão inseridos. Desse modo, estabelece-se como problema a seguinte inquietude: na percepção dos professores da Educação Básica, como ocorre o Ensino da Astronomia nos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental? Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir o Ensino da Astronomia nos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental, na percepção dos professores. Para responder esse questionamento, o estudo teve como sujeitos de pesquisa docentes da disciplina de Ciências dos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental. A metodologia utilizada para constituição e análise de dados regem os princípios da pesquisa fenomenológica. Os resultados apontam para um ensino simplista com diferentes falhas nas distintas esferas educacionais, formando um grande aglomerado de problemas. Assim sendo, o Ensino de Astronomia nos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental ainda tem muitos obstáculos a serem superados a fim de oportunizar um ensino de qualidade para os educandos.

Abstract: The need is widely acknowledged to give voice to teachers in order to understand better the context in which they are inserted. Thus, the following question has been put forward: in the perception of Basic Education teachers, how is Astronomy Teaching carried out in the final years of Elementary School? This article aims to discuss the phenomenon of Astronomy Teaching in the final years of Elementary School, in the perception of teachers. To address this issue, the study involved Science teachers from the final years of Elementary School as participants. The methodology employed for collecting and analyzing the data follows the principles of phenomenological research. The results point to a simplistic teaching, with various flaws through different educational spheres, forming a wide cluster of problems. Therefore, Astronomy Teaching in the final years of Elementary School still needs to overcome a number of hurdles to afford quality teaching to their students.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar de que forma a qualidade da liderança, a autoeficácia e o conflito trabalho-família explicam o burnout no Exército Português (EP), atendendo a uma amostra de trabalhadores do EP (n = 5098) constituída por militares e civis, que responderam à versão portuguesa do Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ II), no âmbito do Programa de Prevenção de Riscos Psicossociais. O modelo construído permite verificar que a variável conflito trabalho-família influencia a relação entre a qualidade da liderança e o burnout nos funcionários do EP. Os resultados encontrados permitem-nos compreender de que forma os fatores de stress não operacionais são relevantes, do ponto de vista preventivo e interventivo, ao ajuste da formação ministrada aos militares e apoio à decisão ao nível do comando das várias unidades, estabelecimentos e órgãos (UEO) do EP.

Abstract The purpose of this work is to analyze how the self-efficacy, leadership quality and work-family conflict explain the burnout in the Portuguese Army (PA), according to an EP sample of 5098 individuals, constituted by military and civil personnel that answered the Portuguese version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ II), in the context of the Psychosocial Risk Prevention Program. The built model indicates that the variable work-family conflict impacts the relationship between the leadership quality and the burnout of the EP personnel. The results allow us to comprehend how the non-operational stress factors are relevant, from a preventive and interventional point of view, to the adjustment of the training provided to the military personnel and to the decision support at the command level of the various units, establishments, and bodies (UEB) of the PA.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A síndrome facetária é reconhecidamente uma das causas mais comuns de dor lombar crônica, embora as suas manifestações bastante diversas coloquem importantes desafios diagnósticos. Atribui-se à doença degenerativa das zigapófises lombares a principal etiologia do quadro doloroso a elas associado, sendo as causas iatrogênicas relativamente raras, sobretudo as relacionadas com corpos estranhos retidos após procedimentos médicos. Existem unicamente três casos semelhantes reportados na literatura. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente do sexo feminino, 36 anos, com dor lombar crônica importante relacionada com fragmento de agulha peridural quebrado e retido na região da articulação facetária L1-L2 e do ramo medial do ramo dorsal do nível suprajacente, durante o procedimento de anestesia pré-parto. A falha do tratamento conservador e a intensidade do quadro álgico fizeram com que se optasse por tratamento invasivo, nesse caso com remoção cirúrgica do fragmento retido, com boa resposta clínica e sem necessidade de procedimentos adicionais. Discutem-se as razões para possíveis dificuldades diagnósticas do quadro de síndrome facetário e a estratégia terapêutica num caso incomum. CONCLUSÃO: Numa situação de etiologia rara de dor lombar crônica, uma adequada correlação clínico-imagiológica é da maior importância. O plano terapêutico deve envolver um ótimo conhecimento da anatomia da coluna e dos mecanismos que podem contribuir para a dor lombar. A remoção de elementos estranhos que possam ser responsáveis por lesão mecânica ou fenômenos inflamatórios locais, como este corpo estranho, deve ser uma opção a ter em conta no tratamento.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Facet syndrome has increasingly been recognized as one the most common causes of chronic low back pain, despite the significant diagnostic challenges imposed by its protean manifestations. Lumbar zygapophyseal degenerative changes are considered the main etiologic agent in cases of facet-associated lumbar pain, with iatrogenic causes rarely involved, particularly those related to retained foreign bodies following invasive medical or surgical procedures. Only three similar reported cases were found in the literature. CASE REPORT: Female patient, 36 years old, presented significant chronic low back pain due to a Tuohy needle fragment retained in upper part of left L1-L2 facet joint and adjacent tract of the medial branch of the dorsal nerve corresponding to the suprajacent level, following epidural anesthesia performed for elective cesarean section. Failure of conservative treatment and pain intensity led to invasive treatment, with surgical removal of the needle fragment as a stand-alone procedure. Clinical response was favorable, and no additional procedures were necessary thus far. Possible difficulties in diagnosing facet syndrome and the surgical strategy for such an uncommon case are discussed. CONCLUSION: In the case of a rare etiology of low back pain, a particularly accurate clinical and imaging correlation is important to achieve an adequate therapeutic plan. Such plan must encompass an optimal knowledge of spine anatomy and lumbar pain-related mechanisms. Foreign elements that could be responsible for mechanical injury or local inflammatory phenomena contributing to chronic pain should be considered for removal as part of the treatment strategy

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever as características clínicas, demográficas, anatomopatológicas, moleculares e de sobrevida de pacientes portadores de meduloblastoma. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, no qual as informações dos pacientes foram obtidas pela revisão dos prontuários médicos. Análises de sobrevida global e de sobrevida livre de eventos foram realizadas por meio da construção de curvas de Kaplan-Meier e a comparação entre as curvas foi feita pelo teste log-rank. Resultados: Entre os pacientes analisados, 70 pertenciam ao sexo masculino (66%) e a idade ao diagnóstico variou de dois meses a 22 anos. Os sinais e sintomas de maior frequência foram cefaleia (80,8%) e vômitos (75,8%). Em relação ao tratamento, a maioria (63,2%) dos pacientes foi submetida à ressecção cirúrgica total e apresentava como histologia predominante a forma clássica (63,2%). A taxa de sobrevida global em cinco anos foi de 67,9% e, em 10 anos, de 64,2%. Os pacientes com perfil molecular característico do subgrupo wingless (WNT) apresentaram melhor prognóstico, com sobrevida global em cinco anos de 75%. Conclusões: As características clínicas, demográficas, anatomopatológicas e moleculares dos pacientes com meduloblastoma descritas no presente estudo foram majoritariamente semelhantes às descritas na literatura. Pacientes submetidos à ressecção completa do tumor tiveram melhor evolução clínica do que aqueles com ressecção incompleta/biópsia. Pacientes estratificados como de alto risco apresentaram pior sobrevida global e livre de eventos do que o grupo standard e a presença de metástases ao diagnóstico se mostrou associada à ocorrência de recidiva da doença.

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the clinical, demographic, anatomopathological, molecular, and survival characteristics of patients with medulloblastoma. Methods: Retrospective study based on patient information obtained from the review of medical records. Overall and event-free survival were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier estimator, and the curves were compared by the log-rank test. Results: Among the patients investigated, 70 were male (66%), and age at diagnosis ranged from 2 months to 22 years. The most frequent signs and symptoms were headache (80.8%) and vomiting (75.8%). Regarding treatment, most patients (63.2%) underwent complete surgical resection, with a predominance of classic histology (63.2%). The 5-year overall survival rate was 67.9%, and the 10-year rate was 64.2%. Patients with molecular profile characteristic of the wingless (WNT) subgroup had a better prognosis, with 5-year overall survival of 75%. Conclusions: The clinical, demographic, anatomopathological, and molecular characteristics of patients with medulloblastoma described in the present study were mostly similar to those reported in the literature. Patients submitted to complete tumor resection had better clinical outcomes than those who underwent incomplete resection/biopsy. Patients classified as high-risk showed worse overall and event-free survival than those in the standard-risk group, and the presence of metastasis at diagnosis was associated with recurrence.

Abstract Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the appendix is a rare neoplasm with a low propensity for lymph node metastasis. The present case refers to an appendicular mucinous adenocarcinoma with inguinal lymph node metastasis. A 71-year-old woman underwent an appendectomy due to a clinical presentation of acute appendicitis. However, the histological examination of the surgical specimen revealed a mucinous adenocarcinoma of the appendix. After staging, the patient underwent a right hemicolectomy and was proposed for adjuvant chemotherapy. At the 3rd year of follow-up, inguinal lymphadenopathy was diagnosed, which biopsy confirmed inguinal node metastases from primary colorectal cancer, with areas of extracellular mucin. Restaging revealed liver and peritoneal metastasis, and the patient was proposed for palliative chemotherapy. Appendicular neoplasms, due to their rarity, represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. This clinical case depicts an unusual metastasis pathway for an unusual neoplasm.

ABSTRACT. Flaxseed oil is recognized as the plant source richest in α-linolenic acid, whereas clove leaf essential oil has a strong antioxidant capacity. The objective of this study was to determine the in vitro antioxidant capacity of diets containing a combination of flaxseed oil (FO) and clove leaf essential oil (CLEO), as well as to use zebrafish (Danio rerio) to assess their effect on the animals’ growth. Fifty days after hatching, a total of 420 male specimens (0.29 ± 0.04 g) were divided into seven groups for each diet and fed for 55 days to be used, with the diets being: control, absent FO and CLEO; 3% FO + 0.5% CLEO; 3% FO + 1% CLEO; 6% FO + 0.5% CLEO; 6% FO + 1% CLEO; 9% FO + 0.5% CLEO and 9% FO + 1% CLEO. Antioxidant activity was determined through DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) tests, showing interaction effect between factors (FO x CLEO, p < 0.05); the diets containing 1% combined with 3, 6 or 9% of FO presented means higher than those of the 0.5% diets. No mortality was observed during the experiment. For final weight and weight gain, there was no interaction effect (p > 0.05), only isolated effect for FO, with the fish fed 6 and 9% diets having the best results. Final total length and specific growth rates showed interaction effect (p < 0.05). As for specific growth rates, the best response was that of the diet with 6% FO and 0.5% CLEO. Final length showed increase with FO levels, even when there was association with 0.5 or 1% of CLEO. Therefore, combined use of 9% of FL with 0.5% of CLEO is recommended for zebrafish.

Resumo Este artigo avalia os efeitos da Emenda Constitucional nº 95/2016 na gestão fiscal, no crescimento econômico e no bem-estar das famílias. Para tanto, utilizou-se um modelo de equilíbrio geral dinâmico com agentes heterogêneos. O modelo comporta a congestão na oferta, pelo governo, de serviços de consumo às famílias e de capital público às firmas. Na presença de crescimento populacional o congelamento dos gastos públicos, proposto pela EC 95/2016, poderá trazer forte redução no nível de serviços ofertados às famílias, sobretudo na camada mais pobre da população. Políticas alternativas que permitam variar os investimentos públicos acompanhadas de compensações das perdas pelos mais pobres gerariam não somente ganhos de eficiência alocativa e melhoria na redistribuição de renda, mas também a reversão de gargalos e o crescimento econômico sustentado. O produto da economia cresceria 9,2%, decorridos 10 anos da EC 95, alavancado pelos investimentos públicos.

Abstract This paper investigates the effects of the Constitutional Amendment No. 95/2016 on fiscal management, economic growth, and families’ welfare. It uses a dynamic general equilibrium model with heterogeneous agents. The model includes congestion in the government’s offer of consumer services to households and public capital to firms. Considering the population growth, the freezing of public spending proposed by EC 95/2016 could bring a strong reduction in the level of services offered to families, especially in the poorest strata. Alternative policies that allow the variation of public investments accompanied by compensation for losses by the poorest would not only generate allocation efficiency gains and improvement in the redistribution of income, but also the reversal of bottlenecks and sustained economic growth. The product of the economy would grow 9.2%, after 10 years of the EC 95/2016, driven by public investment.