Resumo O acesso à água potável é um dos fatores mais importantes para a saúde. A falta de acesso à água potável resulta em alta prevalência de infecções, como gastroenterite bacteriana e surtos de diarreia. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade da água de abastecimento público em 42 municípios, localizados na região Leste do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, durante os anos de 2016 a 2020. Os parâmetros investigados incluíram físicos, químicos e microbiológicos. A coleta de amostras, preservação e análises foram realizadas de acordo com as normas nacionais e internacionais. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram não conformidade com a legislação brasileira para cor aparente (1,1%), turbidez (0,4%), fluoreto (14,2%), coliformes totais (4,4%) e Escherichia coli (E. coli) (0,4%). Em uma breve comparação com outros estudos, o maior percentual de amostras insatisfatórias se deve ao fato de o flúor estar abaixo do mínimo de <0,6 ppm, demostrando a necessidade de treinamento no processo de fluoretação. A necessidade de investir na capacitação das equipes de vigilância sanitária para realizar análises de campo (cloro e pH) também foi observada. O presente estudo pode ser um guia para ações futuras, orientando a adoção de medidas preventivas e corretivas, demonstrando a importância do monitoramento da qualidade da água de abastecimento.

Abstract Access to drinking water is one of the most important factors for health. The lack of access to safe drinking water results in a high prevalence of infections, such as bacterial gastroenteritis and outbreaks of diarrhea. This study evaluated the quality of the public water supply in 42 municipalities located in the eastern region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, from 2016 to 2020. Physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters were investigated. Sample collection, preservation and analyses were carried out in accordance with national and international standards. The results demonstrated non-compliance with Brazilian legislation for apparent color (1.1%), turbidity (0.4%), fluoride content (14.2%), total coliforms (4.4%) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) (0.4%). In a brief comparison with other studies in the southeastern region of Brazil, the highest percentage of unsatisfactory samples is due to the fact that fluorine is below the minimum of <0.6 ppm, demonstrating the need for training in the fluoridation process. The need to invest in the training of health surveillance teams to carry out field analyses (chlorine and pH) was also observed. This study can inform future actions, guiding the adoption of preventive and corrective measures and demonstrating the importance of monitoring water-supply quality.

The need to develop and commercialize materials containing vegetal fibers has grown in order to reduce environmental impact and reach sustainability. Large amounts of lignocellulosic materials are generated around the world from several human activities. The lignocellulosic materials are composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, extractives and ashes. Recently these constituents have been used in different applications; in particular, cellulose has been the subject of numerous works on the development of composite materials reinforced with natural fibers. Many studies have led to composite materials reinforced with fibers to improve the mechanical, physical, and thermal properties. Furthermore, lignocellulosic materials have been treated to apply in innovative solutions for efficient and sustainable systems. This paper aims to review the lignocellulosic fibers characteristics, as well as to present their applications as reinforcement in composites of different polymeric matrices.

This paper describes the adsorption of heavy metals ions from aqueous solution by hydrous niobium oxide. Three heavy metals were selected for this study: cadmium, lead and silver. Adsorption isotherms were well fitted by Langmuir model. Maximum adsorption capacity (Q0) for Pb2 +, Ag+ and Cd2 + was found to be 452.5, 188.68 and 8.85 mg g-1, respectively.

Virtual Coordinate Measuring Machines (VCMMs) are software packages aimed at providing uncertainty estimates for tridimensional measurements. Since they deal with metrology data to derive uncertainty estimates, which are to be used for making decisions related to product quality, they must be evaluated. Although there are international standards to deal with software testing for metrology, the evaluation of VCMMs performance is still in the experimental stage. Here a testing framework was organized focusing on the definition of the test context, the test purpose, the performance criteria and the testing strategy, including the usability of the VCMM interface, which is a common focus in software engineering but not in tests of metrology applications. Experimentation and reference data were also used to check the adequacy of uncertainty estimates against measurement results. The executed tests show that it is possible to provide the necessary evidence of acceptable VCMM performance. It is also demonstrated that no single testing strategy is sufficient to provide the necessary evidence to validate the VCMM from the metrology standpoint.

This work describes the study the adsorption of a cationic surfactant, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) in the hydrous niobium phosphate matrix. The matrix was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (DRX), thermal analysis (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and surface area measurements (BET). The Langmuir and Freundlich isothermal models were used in the CTAB adsorption study. The adsorption process wasn`t favorable for the NbOPO4.nH2O in both studied models.