This article aims to bring visibility to the use of humor as a mechanism of structural racism and the marks left on the body-territory of black adolescent girls who are students in a public school in the city of Governador Valadares, MG. The study draws on authors who discuss race and black feminist authors, conceptually operating with recreational racism, intersectionality, and body-territory. Empirical material was produced in thematic workshops, and the narratives brought by the 12 students participating in the research were analyzed through episodic analysis. The narrated episodes denounce the marks on the body-territory of these adolescents, as well as the naturalization of race and gender oppression, instrumentalized by recreational racism that appears in daily school life. This presence creates and reaffirms stereotypes about the category "black woman", provokes desires to stay away from school to avoid being the target of "jokes" and/or "pranks", and questioning their own humanity, reflecting if their appearances resemble the animals used to "insult" them. The adolescents denounce the silencing of the school in the face of this type of "humor", putting pressure on its naturalization and challenging us, as educators, to take a stance against these silences that engender exclusions and the naturalization of racism, among other mechanisms, disguised as humor but need to be named as recreational racism.

O objetivo deste artigo é trazer à visibilidade a utilização do humor como mecanismo do racismo estrutural e as marcas deixadas nos corpos-território de adolescentes negras, estudantes da educação básica de uma escola pública da cidade de Governador Valadares — MG. O estudo apoiou-se em autores que discutem raça e autoras do feminismo negro, operando conceitualmente com racismo recreativo, interseccionalidade e corpo-território. O material empírico foi produzido em oficinas temáticas e as narrativas trazidas pelas 12 estudantes, participantes da pesquisa, foram analisadas por meio da análise episódica.  Os episódios narrados denunciam as marcas nos corpos-território dessas adolescentes, assim como a naturalização de opressões de raça e gênero, instrumentalizadas pelo racismo recreativo que comparece no cotidiano escolar. Esse comparecimento cria e reafirma estereótipos sobre a categoria “mulher negra”, provoca desejos de afastamento da escola para não serem alvo de “piadas” e/ou “brincadeiras”, e questionamentos sobre sua própria humanidade, ao refletirem se suas aparências se assemelham aos animais utilizados para “xingá-las”. As adolescentes denunciam os silenciamentos da escola frente a esse tipo de “humor”, tensionando a sua naturalização e nos provocam, como educadores/as, a posicionarmos contra esses silenciamentos que engendram exclusões e a naturalização do racismo, entre outros mecanismos, os disfarçados de humor, mas que precisam ser nomeados como racismo recreativo.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Menus are tools to promote food education, essential to meet nutritional needs. Popular Restaurants, in turn, are mechanisms for promoting the Human Right to Adequate Food, mainly, for socially vulnerable populations. OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the menu composition of 2 (two) popular restaurants in a city in the interior of São Paulo, Brazil, using the Qualitative Assessment of Menu Preparations method. METHODOLOGY: The Qualitative Assessment of Menu Preparations method was used to evaluate the 24-day menu between the end of August and September 2022. The aspects evaluated were color monotony (three or more foods of the same color), presence of leafy vegetables (one or more raw leafy vegetables) and fruits (one or more), types of meat (fatty meat), sulfur content (two or more foods), presence of fried foods, candies and simultaneous association of fried foods with candies. The relative frequency of each Qualitative Assessment of Menu Preparations method criterion was calculated, classifying the “negative aspects” (equal colors, preparations rich in sulfur, fatty meats, candies, fried foods and the combination of candies and fried foods) as “great” (<25.0% ), “good” (11.0 to 25.0%), “regular” (26.0 to 50.0%), “poor” (51.0 to 75.0%) or “terrible” (>75.0%) and the “positive aspects” (offering fruits and leafy vegetables) as “excellent” (≥90.0%), “good” (75.0 to 89.0%), “regular” (50.0 to 74.0%), “poor” (25.0 to 49.0%) or “terrible” (<25.0%). RESULTS: There was a 70.0% occurrence of color monotony on the menu. Leafy and fruit offerings occurred on 66.0% and 58.0% of the days, respectively. The presence of fatty meats occurred on 16.0% of the days, as well as preparations rich in sulfur. The presence of candies was verified in 41.7% of the days. The menu did not show the occurrence of fried foods and, consequently, there was no association of fried foods with candies (0.0%). CONCLUSIONS: The menu needs adjustments, mainly in the monotony of colors, but it has a great potential for offering nutrients, considering the occurrence of fruits and leafy vegetables and the absence of fried foods and associated fried foods and candies.

RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO: Os menus são ferramentas de promoção de educação alimentar, fundamentais para suprir as necessidades nutricionais dos indivíduos. Os Restaurantes Populares, por sua vez, são estabelecimentos de promoção do Direito Humano à Alimentação Adequada, principalmente, para populações socialmente vulneráveis. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a composição do menu de 2 (dois) Restaurantes Populares de um município do interior de São Paulo, Brasil, pelo método de Avaliação Qualitativa das Preparações do Cardápio. METODOLOGIA: Utilizou-se o método de Avaliação Qualitativa das Preparações do Cardápio para avaliação do menu de 24 dias decorridos entre final de agosto e setembro de 2022. Analisou-se monotonia de cores (três ou mais alimentos de cores iguais), presença de vegetais folhosos crus (um ou mais) e frutas (uma ou mais), tipos de carnes (carnes gordurosas), teor de enxofre (dois ou mais alimentos), presença de frituras, de doces e associação simultânea de frituras com doces. Calculou-se a frequência relativa de cada critério do método de Avaliação Qualitativa das Preparações do Cardápio, classificando os “aspetos negativos” (cores iguais, preparações ricas em enxofre, carnes gordurosas, doce, fritura e concomitância de doce e fritura) como “ótimo” (<25,0%), “bom” (11,0 a 25,0%), “regular” (26,0 a 50,0%), “ruim” (51,0 a 75,0%) ou “péssimo” (>75,0%) e os “aspetos positivos” (oferta de frutas e folhosos) como “ótimo” (≥90,0%), “bom” (75,0 a 89,0%), “regular” (50,0 a 74,0%), “ruim” (25,0 a 49,0%) ou “péssimo” (<25,0%). RESULTADOS: Verificou-se 70,0% de ocorrência de monotonia de cores. A oferta de folhosos e frutas ocorreu em 66,0% e 58,0% dos dias, respetivamente. A presença de carnes gordurosas ocorreu em 16,0% dos dias, assim como a de preparações ricas em enxofres. A presença de doces foi verificada em 41,7% dos dias. O menu não apresentou ocorrência de frituras e, consequentemente, apresentou ausência de associação de frituras com doces (0,0%). CONCLUSÕES: O menu apresenta necessidade de ajustes, principalmente, no critério monotonia de cores, porém nota-se grande potencial de oferta de nutrientes, diante da ocorrência “regular” de frutas e folhosos e ausência de frituras e de frituras associadas com doces.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Participants in cardiac rehabilitation programs have low adherence to their sessions, which makes extremely important to recognize the barriers that cause non-adherence, identifying whether the type of service and level of adherence influence these barriers. Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study, in which 220 individuals (66.80±11.59 years) of both genders who are members of public and private exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation programs participated. The volunteers were divided according to the level of adherence, considering patients with low adherence (PLA) those with < 70% of attendance and high adherence (PHA) those with > 70%. Then, initial evaluation, Cardiac Rehabilitation Barriers Scale, analysis of socioeconomic level, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Mini-Mental State Examination were applied. Results: Higher total barriers were found in PLA in the public service compared to PHA in the private service (P=0.023). In the subscale “perceived need”, PHA in the public service showed higher values than PLA and PHA in the private service (P≤0.001). The “access” barrier was higher for PHA in the public service when compared to PHA in the private service (P=0.024). PHA in the public service exhibited a higher barrier regarding questions about distance, transportation problems, cost, and time constraints. Conclusion: The public program presents higher barriers in the questions and categories compared to the private program, mainly the PHA. Furthermore, there are differences in the profile of the participants regarding socioeconomic and anxiety levels, treatment time, ethnicity, and city where they live.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Participants in cardiac rehabilitation programs have low adherence to their sessions, which makes extremely important to recognize the barriers that cause non-adherence, identifying whether the type of service and level of adherence influence these barriers. Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study, in which 220 individuals (66.80±11.59 years) of both genders who are members of public and private exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation programs participated. The volunteers were divided according to the level of adherence, considering patients with low adherence (PLA) those with < 70% of attendance and high adherence (PHA) those with > 70%. Then, initial evaluation, Cardiac Rehabilitation Barriers Scale, analysis of socioeconomic level, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Mini-Mental State Examination were applied. Results: Higher total barriers were found in PLA in the public service compared to PHA in the private service (P=0.023). In the subscale “perceived need”, PHA in the public service showed higher values than PLA and PHA in the private service (P≤0.001). The “access” barrier was higher for PHA in the public service when compared to PHA in the private service (P=0.024). PHA in the public service exhibited a higher barrier regarding questions about distance, transportation problems, cost, and time constraints. Conclusion: The public program presents higher barriers in the questions and categories compared to the private program, mainly the PHA. Furthermore, there are differences in the profile of the participants regarding socioeconomic and anxiety levels, treatment time, ethnicity, and city where they live.

Abstract This study evaluated the background and effect of surrounding colors on the color blending of a single-shade composite used in a thin layer. Disc-shaped specimens (1.0 mm thickness) were built with the Vittra APS Unique composite surrounded (dual specimens) or not surrounded (simple specimens) by a control composite (shade A1, A2, or A3). Simple specimens were also built with only control composites. The specimen color was measured against white and black backgrounds with a spectrophotometer (CIELAB system). The whiteness index for dentistry (WID) was calculated for simple specimens. Differences (ΔE00) in color and translucency parameters (ΔTP00) between the simple/dual specimens and the controls were calculated. The translucency adjustment potential (TAP) and color adjustment potential (CAP) were estimated based on the ratios between data from simple and dual specimens. The Vittra APS Unique composite showed higher WID values than the controls. No differences between ΔTP00_SIMPLE and ΔTP00_DUAL were observed for any of the shades. The composite shade did not affect TAP values. The lowest values of ΔE00_SIMPLE and ΔE00_DUAL were observed for shade A1 regardless of the background color. For the white background, ΔE00_SIMPLE values did not differ from those of ΔE00_DUAL for all shades. Only A1 showed ΔE00_DUAL values lower than ΔE00_SIMPLE when the black background was used. The highest modulus of CAP (negative values for the white background) was observed when shade A1 surrounded the Vittra APS Unique composite. The color blending ability of the single-shade resin composite used in a thin layer was affected by both the surrounding shade and background color.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the use of digital screens in early childhood, from the perspective of mothers and education professionals. Method: Qualitative study, based on Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological Theory. Nine mothers of children under three years of age, enrolled in daycare centers in a municipality in the state of Paraíba, Brazil, and six education professionals who worked in these daycare centers participated. The data were collected between July and October 2021 via virtual interviews and analyzed according to inductive thematic analysis. Results: The restrictions imposed by the pandemic made screens the only available resource for children’s educational activities, interaction, leisure, and distraction, causing an exponential increase in the time they spent in front of screens. Conclusion: The pandemic had a direct impact on the use of digital screens in early childhood, increasing the child’s exposure time, according to parents and education professionals.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar las repercusiones de la pandemia de Covid-19 en el uso de pantallas digitales en la primera infancia, desde la perspectiva de las madres y los profesionales de la educación. Método: Estudio cualitativo, basado en la Teoría Bioecológica de Bronfenbrenner. Participaron nueve madres de niños menores de tres años, matriculados en guarderías de un municipio del estado de Paraíba, Brasil, y seis profesionales de la educación que actuaban en esas guarderías. Los datos se recogieron entre julio y octubre de 2021 mediante entrevista virtual y se analizaron según un análisis temático inductivo. Resultados: Las restricciones impuestas por la pandemia convirtieron a las pantallas en el único recurso disponible para las actividades educativas, la interacción, el ocio y la distracción de los niños, lo que provocó un aumento exponencial del tiempo que pasaban frente a ellas. Conclusión: La pandemia tuvo un impacto directo en el uso de pantallas digitales en la primera infancia, repercutiendo en el aumento del tiempo de exposición del niño, según padres y profesionales de la educación.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar a repercussão da pandemia da Covid-19 no uso de telas digitais na primeiríssima infância, na perspectiva de mães e profissionais da educação. Método: Estudo qualitativo, baseado na Teoria Bioecológica de Bronfenbrenner. Participaram nove mães de crianças menores de três anos, matriculadas em creches de um município do estado da Paraíba, Brasil e seis profissionais da educação, que atuavam nessas creches. Os dados foram coletados entre julho e outubro de 2021 por meio de entrevista virtual e analisados conforme a análise temática indutiva. Resultados: As restrições impostas pela pandemia fizeram das telas o único recurso disponível para as atividades educativas, interação, lazer e distração das crianças, causando aumento exponencial no tempo em que essas passaram diante das telas. Conclusão: A pandemia repercutiu diretamente no uso de telas digitais na primeiríssima infância, impactando no aumento do tempo de exposição da criança, segundo os pais e profissionais da educação.

ABSTRACT Breast cancer (BC) is the most common neoplasm in women globally. Healthy eating, a characteristic of the Mediterranean diet (MD), has been associated with a lower risk of developing BC, although this relationship remains inconclusive. This study aimed to analyse the relationship between MD adherence and the risk of BC development. A case-control study was carried out with 181 women divided into two groups: with BC (n= 90) and without breast cancer (WBC) (n= 91). Clinical and reproductive aspects were investigated through interviews, and food consumption was assessed through a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Adherence to the MD was evaluated using the MD score. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS® software, with p<0.05. The results showed that the main type of breast carcinoma was invasive ductal carcinoma, positive for oestrogen or progesterone receptors. The mean MD score was 4.08 ± 1.61 and 4.22 ± 1.69 among women with BC and without BC, respectively, with no difference between the groups. The risk assessment of BC with respect to adherence to MD showed no significant difference after adjustments were made in the logistic regression models. In conclusion, this study showed that women with and without breast cancer had “medium adherence” to MD, with no difference between the groups. In the group of women investigated, adherence to MD did not affect the risk of developing the disease.

RESUMEN El cáncer de mama (CM) es la neoplasia más frecuente entre las mujeres del mundo, y la alimentación saludable, característica del patrón de la dieta mediterránea (DM), se ha asociado con un menor riesgo de desarrollar CM, aunque esta relación sigue sin ser concluyente. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la relación entre la adherencia a la DM y el riesgo para el desarrollo de CM. Estudio de casos y controles realizados con 181 mujeres divididas en dos grupos: con cáncer de mama (n=90) y sin cáncer de mama (SCM; n= 91). Los aspectos clínicos y reproductivos se evaluaron a través de una entrevista; consumo de alimentos a través del cuestionario de frecuencia alimentaria (FFQ) y adherencia a la dieta mediterránea evaluada según la puntuación de DM. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante el software SPSS®, considerando valores significativos de p<0,05. Los resultados mostraron que el principal tipo de carcinoma de mama fue el carcinoma ductal invasivo, positivo para el receptor de estrógenos y progesterona. La puntuación media de DM fue de 4,08 ± 1,61 entre las mujeres con CM y de 4,22 ± 1,69 entre las que no tenían la enfermedad, sin diferencia entre los grupos. La evaluación del riesgo de CM en relación con la adherencia a la DM mostró que, después de ajustes en los modelos de regresión logística, no hubo diferencia significativa. En conclusión, el estudio muestra que las mujeres con y sin CM tuvieron “adherencia media” a la DM, sin diferencia entre los grupos. También mostró que, en el grupo de mujeres investigadas, la adherencia a la DM no influyó en el riesgo para el desarrollo de la enfermedad.

Abstract Objectives To verify if there is a difference in postural hypervigilance in sitting in individuals with and without low back pain. Additionally, to observe whether there is a difference in the perception of correct sitting posture between individuals with low back pain and without low back pain. Methods The present study has a cross-sectional observational design, as a sample size of 92 individuals, later divided equally into two groups (with low back pain and without low back pain). Two instruments were used: the hypervigilance scale to analyze the frequency that volunteers correct their sitting posture during the day, and posture scans to investigate the perception of volunteers about the correct sitting posture. The data were submitted to the Shapiro-Wilk Normality test. To compare the values of Hypervigilance Scale, the Mann-Whitney, Chi-Square, and Fisher Exact tests were used to assess correct sitting posture. Results There was no significant difference between postural hypervigilance in sitting between individuals with low back pain and without low back pain. There was no significant difference between the choice of correct sitting posture between the group of individuals with and without low back pain. Conclusion There is no difference between the choice of correct sitting posture and the amount of postural hypervigilance in individuals with or without low back pain.

Resumo Objetivos Verificar se há diferença na hipervigilância postural sentada em indivíduos com e sem dor lombar. Além disso, observar se há diferença na percepção da postura correta sentada entre indivíduos com dor lombar e sem dor lombar. Métodos O presente estudo possui delineamento observacional transversal, como tamanho amostral de 92 indivíduos, posteriormente divididos igualmente em dois grupos (com dor lombar e sem dor lombar). Foram utilizados dois instrumentos: a escala de hipervigilância para analisar a frequência que voluntários corrigem a postura sentada no dia; e o quadro de posturas para investigar a percepção dos voluntários sobre a postura correta sentada. Os dados foram submetidos ao teste de Normalidade de Shapiro-Wilk. Para comparar os valores da Escala de Hipervigilância foi utilizado o teste de Mann-Whitney e o teste Qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher para avaliação da postura correta sentada. Resultados Não houve diferença significativa entre a hipervigilância postural sentada entre indivíduos com dor lombar e sem dor lombar. Não houve diferença significativa entre a escolha da postura correta sentada entre o grupo de indivíduos com e sem dor lombar. Conclusão Não há diferença entre a escolha da postura correta sentada e quantidade de hipervigilância postural em indivíduos com ou sem dor lombar.

Resumo Este estudo avaliou o efeito da cor circundante e da espessura da amostra no potencial de ajuste de cor (PAC) de uma resina monocromática. O compósito Vittra APS Unique foi circundado (amostras duplas) ou não (amostras simples) com um compósito controle (cor A1, A2 ou A3). Amostras simples do compósito controle também foram confeccionadas. A opacidade e o índice de brancura para odontologia (IBO) foram calculados para as amostras simples. As diferenças de cor entre amostras simples (ΔE*SIMPLE) / duplas (ΔE*DUAL) e os controles foram calculados. PAC foi calculado baseado na razão entre ΔE* SIMPLE e ΔE* DUAL. O compósito testado apresentou menor opacidade (53 a 62% vs. 80 a 93%) e maior IBO (≈ 42 vs. 18 a 32) que os controles. Independente da espessura da amostra (1,0/ 1,5 mm), os valores mais baixos de ΔE* SIMPLE (11,1/ 10,8) e ΔE*DUAL (7,2/ 6,1) foram observadas quando a resina circundante era A1. A cor A3 resultou em maior ΔE*SIMPLE (16,4/ 17,1) e ΔE* DUAL (11,3/ 12,3) do que A2 (ΔE*SIMPLE = 13,4/ 14,6; e ΔE* DUAL = 9,7/ 10,3). A espessura das amostras afetou significativamente o PAC (0,35 e 0,44 para 1,0 e 1,5 mm, respectivamente) apenas para a cor A1, que teve os maiores valores de PAC. A cor A3 resultou nos maiores valores de PAC (0,31) que A2 (0,27) quando amostras de 1,0 mm de espessura foram usadas, mas valores similares foram observados para amostras de 1,5 mm (≈ 0,29). Como conclusão, tanto a cor circundante como a espessura das amostras podem afetar o PAC de um compósito resinoso monocromático.

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of surrounded shade and specimens` thickness on the color adjustment potential (CAP) of a single-shade composite. The composite Vittra APS Unique was surrounded (dual specimens) or not (simple specimens) by a control composite (shade A1, A2, or A3). Simple specimens of the control composite were also confectioned. Opacity and whiteness index for dentistry (WID) were calculated for simple specimens. Color differences between the simple (ΔE*SIMPLE)/ dual specimens (ΔE*DUAL) and the controls were calculated. CAP was calculated based on the ratio between ΔE* SIMPLE and ΔE* DUAL. The tested composite presented lower opacity (53 to 62% vs. 80 to 93%) and higher WID (≈ 42 vs. 18 to 32) than controls. Irrespective of the specimens’ thickness (1.0/ 1.5 mm), the lowest values of ΔE* SIMPLE (11.1/ 10.8) and ΔE*DUAL (7.2/ 6.1) were observed using the surrounding shade A1. The shade A3 yielded higher ΔE*SIMPLE (16.4/ 17.1) and ΔE* DUAL (11.3/ 12.3) than the A2 (ΔE*SIMPLE = 13.4/ 14.6; and ΔE* DUAL = 9.7/ 10.3). The specimen`s thickness significantly affected the CAP (0.35 and 0.44 for 1.0 and 1.5 mm, respectively) only for shade A1, which had the highest CAP values. The shade A3 resulted in higher CAP values (0.31) than A2 (0.27) when 1.0-mm thick specimens were used, but similar values were observed for 1.5 thick specimens (≈ 0.29). In conclusion, both surrounding shade and specimen thickness can affect the CAP of a single-shade resin composite.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) barriers are well-understood in high-resource settings. However, they are under-studied in low-resource settings, where access is even poorer and the context is significantly different, including two-tiered healthcare systems and greater socioeconomic challenges. OBJECTIVE: To investigate differences in characteristics of patients attending publicly versus privately funded CR and their barriers to adherence. DESIGN AND SETTING: Observational, cross-sectional study in public and private CR programs offered in Brazil. METHODS: Patients who had been attending CR for ≥ 3 months were recruited from one publicly and one privately funded CR program. They completed assessments regarding sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and the CR Barriers Scale. RESULTS: From the public program, 74 patients were recruited, and from the private, 100. Participants in the public program had significantly lower educational attainment (P < 0.001) and lower socioeconomic status (P < 0.001). Participants in the private program had more cognitive impairment (P = 0.015), and in the public program more anxiety (P = 0.001) and depressive symptoms (P = 0.008) than their counterparts. Total barriers among public CR participants were significantly higher than those among private CR participants (1.34 ± 0.26 versus 1.23 ± 0.15/5]; P = 0.003), as were scores on 3 out of 5 subscales, namely: comorbidities/functional status (P = 0.027), perceived need (P < 0.001) and access (P = 0.012). CONCLUSION: Publicly funded programs need to be tailored to meet their patients’ requirements, through consideration of educational and psychosocial matters, and be amenable to mitigation of patient barriers relating to presence of comorbidities and poorer health status.

RESUMO Objetivo: conhecer as experiências de familiares de adolescentes com incongruência de gênero. Método: estudo de caso qualitativo, apoiado pelo referencial teórico-metodológico dos Modelos Calgary de Avaliação e Intervenção Familiar. A coleta dos dados ocorreu por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, observação participante em grupos de familiares e análise documental, com oito familiares. A análise dos dados foi realizada seguindo os preceitos da análise de conteúdo. Resultados: com a avaliação familiar, emergiram duas categorias: “Desafios em face à transição de gênero”, que evidenciou os problemas relacionados às expectativas criadas ao nascimento, novos nomes, pronomes e fluidez de gênero e o medo do preconceito, e “Aspectos apoiadores diante da possibilidade de transição de gênero”, que revelou o apoio familiar como ponto forte. Conclusão: conhecer as experiências permitiu compreender os desafios que os familiares enfrentam ao se deparar com aspectos físicos e emocionais da transição de gênero de seus filhos. Percebeu-se que o ato de procurar ajuda e de oferecer apoio é importante para uma transição saudável. Os achados proporcionaram melhor compreensão das questões familiares e forneceram sugestões de como a enfermagem pode elaborar o cuidado a essa população.

ABSTRACT Objective: to know the experiences of family members of adolescents with gender incongruence. Method: this is a qualitative case study, supported by the Calgary Family Assessment and Intervention Models theoretical-methodological framework. Data collection took place through semi-structured interviews, participant observation in family groups and document analysis, with eight family members. Data analysis was performed following the precepts of content analysis. Results: with family assessment, two categories emerged: “Challenges in the face of gender transition”, which highlighted the problems related to the expectations created at birth, new names, pronouns and gender fluidity and the fear of prejudice, and “Supporting aspects in the face of the possibility of gender transition”, which revealed family support as a strong point. Conclusion: knowing the experiences allowed us to understand the challenges that family members face when facing physical and emotional aspects of their children’s gender transition. It was noticed that the act of seeking help and offering support is important for a healthy transition. The findings provided a better understanding of family issues and provided suggestions on how nursing can develop care for this population.

RESUMEN Objetivo: conocer las vivencias de familiares de adolescentes con incongruencia de género. Método: estudio de caso cualitativo, sustentado en el referencial teórico-metodológico de los Modelos de Evaluación e Intervención Familiar de Calgary. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas, observación participante en grupos familiares y análisis de documentos, con ocho familiares. El análisis de los datos se realizó siguiendo los preceptos del análisis de contenido. Resultados: con el diagnóstico familiar surgieron dos categorías: “Desafíos frente a la transición de género”, que destacó los problemas relacionados con las expectativas creadas al nacer, nuevos nombres, pronombres y fluidez de género y miedo al prejuicio, y “Aspectos de apoyo ante la posibilidad de transición de género”, que revelaron el apoyo familiar como punto fuerte. Conclusión: conocer las experiencias permitió comprender los desafíos que enfrentan los miembros de la familia al enfrentar aspectos físicos y emocionales de la transición de género de sus hijos. Se notó que el acto de buscar ayuda y ofrecer apoyo es importante para una transición saludable. Los hallazgos proporcionaron una mejor comprensión de los problemas familiares y proporcionaron sugerencias sobre cómo la enfermería puede desarrollar el cuidado de esta población.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant potential of the Coffea arabica Lineu (L.) leaf extract and its effects on platelet aggregation of dyslipidemic rats. The extract was obtained by the percolation of C. arabica L. leaves in hydroethanolic solution 70% (v/v). The mass spectrometry FIA-ESI-MS² suggested the presence of chlorogenic acid, rutin acid, and quinic acid. The DPPH• radicals scavenging capacity was demonstrated (IC50 = 0.06 mg/mL). The extract was administered to rats by gavage (300 mg/kg/day) for 56 days. Dyslipidemia was induced by administering Triton WR-1339 (300 mg/kg body weight) on the 54th day. On day 56, blood was collected by puncturing the abdominal aorta artery and the aortic artery was removed. Lipid profile, markers of renal and hepatic injury, lipid peroxidation, and platelet aggregation tests were carried out. The ingestion of extract reduced the lipid peroxidation (aorta and plasma) and platelet aggregation in dyslipidemic rats. The extract did not affect markers of renal and hepatic function as analyzed in this study, suggesting neither impaired liver nor kidney function in these animals. Therefore, our results demonstrate that the extract of leaves of C. arabica L. show antioxidant potential in vitro and in vivo as well as anti-platelet aggregation in dyslipidemic animals.

Abstract Introduction Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT) has been successfully used as standard therapy for hematological disorders. After conditioning therapy, patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT, present three different phases of engraftment: early pre-engraftment, early post-engraftment, and late engraftment. Severe complications are associated with morbidity, mortality, and malignancies in these phases, which include effects on the oral cavity. Objectives The changes in the salivary composition after HSCT may contribute to identifying relevant proteins that could map differences among the phases of diseases, driven for personalized diagnostics and therapy. Methods Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from patients submitted to HSCT. The samples were submitted to trypsin digestion for a Mass spectrometry analysis. MaxQuant processed the Data analysis, and the relevant expressed proteins were subjected to pathway and network analyses. Results Differences were observed in the most identified proteins, specifically in proteins involved with the regulation of body fluid levels and the mucosal immune response. The heatmap showed a list of proteins exclusively expressed during the different phases of HSCT: HBB, KNG1, HSPA, FGB, APOA1, PFN1, PRTN3, TMSB4X, YWHAZ, CAP1, ACTN1, CLU and ALDOA. Bioinformatics analysis implicated pathways involved in protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, complement and coagulation cascades, apoptosis signaling, and cholesterol metabolism. Conclusion The compositional changes in saliva reflected the three phases of HSCT and demonstrated the usefulness of proteomics and computational approaches as a revolutionary field in diagnostic methods. (HSCT disorders engraftment preengraftment, preengraftment pre engraftment, pre-engraftment postengraftment, postengraftment post post-engraftment morbidity mortality cavity diseases analyses response HBB KNG1 KNG HSPA FGB APOA1 APOA PFN1 PFN PRTN3 PRTN TMSB4X TMSBX TMSB X YWHAZ CAP1 CAP ACTN1 ACTN ALDOA reticulum cascades signaling metabolism methods

Resumen Contexto: Hay preocupación creciente con el modelo económico de consumo y acumulación ilimitados, pues la mejoría de algunos parámetros implica afectar otros negativamente. Se requiere mayor riqueza intelectual, que no esté solo orientada al mercado, especialmente en las ingenierías y tecnologías. Metodología: Para medir las riquezas: natural/ambiental, humana, intelectual, pública/institucional y privada, se utilizan los resultados básicos del índice de desarrollo territorial sustentable (IDTS), conformado por 60 variables. Con información del periodo 2000-2010, se analiza la relación entre las cinco riquezas y la sustentabilidad utilizando análisis de componentes principales. Resultados: tras el análisis, se encontró que, a nivel municipal y departamental, la riqueza natural y ambiental va en dirección contraria a las otras cuatro. La distancia entre los diferentes tipos de riqueza resultó importante y crece con el IDTS. Conclusiones: El modelo de desarrollo que Colombia está siguiendo está afectando negativamente la riqueza natural y ambiental y resulta insostenible. La investigación e innovación no están haciendo uso adecuado de los recursos y atributos naturales a nivel municipal y las corporaciones autónomas regionales pueden ser ineficaces frente al uso inadecuado de esta riqueza. Es imperativo modificar este modelo de aprovechamiento y disminuir la distancia entre los cinco tipos de riqueza. Aunque es necesario adoptar y desarrollar ingeniería y tecnologías adecuadas a la biodiversidad y geografía tropical, esto no es suficiente; se requiere innovación social e institucional sustantivas, de cara a una realidad tecnológica compleja, incierta y vertiginosa, al tiempo que inequitativa a escala social e interregional. Financiamiento: Este proyecto contó con recursos propios.

Abstract Context: There is a growing concern with the economic consumption and unlimited accumulation model because improvement in some parameters implies that others are negatively affected. There is a need for more intellectual wealth, not only oriented towards the market, but also towards engineering and technology. Methodology: To measure natural/environmental, human, intellectual, public/institutional, and private wealth, the basic results of the Índice de desarrollo territorial sustentable (IDTS, spanish acronyms) are used, which is formed by 60 variables. With data from the 2000-2010 period, the relationship between the 5 types of wealth and sustainability is analyzed using principal component analysis. Results: At the municipal and departmental levels, the direction of the natural and environmental wealth was found to be opposite direction to the other four. The distance between the different types of wealth ended up being important, and it increases with the IDTS. Conclusions: The development model followed by Colombia is negatively affecting the natural and environmental wealth and as so is unsustainable. Neither research nor innovation are making adequate use of the natural resources at municipal level, and autonomous regional corporations may be ineffective against the inadequate use of this wealth. It is imperative to modify this exploitation model and reduce the distance between the five types of wealth. Although it is necessary to adopt and develop engineering and technology adequate to biodiversity and tropical geography, this is not enough; substantial social and institutional innovation are also needed in the face of a complex, uncertain, and dizzying technological reality, which is also inequitable at the social and interregional scale. Financing: This project was self-funded.

ABSTRACT: In the current PANDEMIC for COVID- 19, the clinical world has been forced to reinforce the use of protection in healthcare, due to the high degree of contagion and virulence of this virus. In dentistry, due to the production of aerosols, clinical care has been suspended to prevent infection. The objective of this research is to determine the amount of bacterial contamination, generated by the use of high-speed micromotor aerosol, carried out by dentists at the Hospital de La Florida, Santiago, Chile. The study included 10 patients per box, with 2 samples per patient, in total 40 culture plates, 20 Control, 20 Test and 3 Environmental. The culture medium was kept for 10 minutes, located in the front of the operator and the patient's chest. Simulation of the operation with a turbine was performed, without absolute isolation, with and without the use of an acrylic dome, placed on a healthy patient. The samples were analyzed macroscopically, incubated at 37ºC in an atmosphere of oxygen for 24 hours and Carbon dioxide after 48 hours. 43 plates were positive, noting a non-significant difference (p = 0.753) between the two groups in the bib samples, with an average difference of 56.76 CFU. In the plates of the operator's forehead, an average of 8.1 CFU in the box without dome and 3.9 CFU in the box with dome, finding a statistically significant difference (p = 0.0391). The environmental plates 28.33 UFC in the Box with the dome, 29 UFC in the Control Box and the Box without dome 46.66 UFC. When verifying that the acrylic dome effectively contains aerosols, it should be used as a biosafety standard to protect both dental equipment and patients in times of pandemic against COVID-19.

RESUMEN: En la actual pandemia por COVID-19, el mundo clínico se ha visto obligado a reforzar el uso de protección en el quehacer asistencial, debido al alto grado de contagio y virulencia de este virus. En odontología, debido a la producción de aerosoles, se han suspendido las atenciones clínicas para prevenir contagios. El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar la cantidad de contaminación bacteriana, generada por el uso de aerosol con micromotor de alta velocidad, realizado por dentistas del Hospital de La Florida, Santiago de Chile. El estudio contó con 10 pacientes por box, con 2 muestras por paciente, en total 40 placas de cultivo, 20 Control, 20 Prueba y 3 Ambientales. El medio de cultivo se mantuvo por 10 minutos, ubicado en la frente del ope rador y pechera del paciente, se realizó simulación de operatoria con turbina, sin aislamiento absoluto, con y sin uso de una cúpula de acrílico, puesta en un paciente sano. Las muestras fueron analizadas macroscópicamente, incubadas a 37 ºC en una atmósfera de oxígeno por 24 horas y dióxido de Carbono a las 48 horas. 43 placas fueron positivas, observándose, en las muestras de la peche ra una diferencia no significativa (p=0,753) entre ambos grupos, con una diferencia promedio de 56,76 UFC. En las placas de la fre nte del operador, un promedio de 8.1 UFC en Box sin cúpula y 3,9 UFC en el box con cúpula, encontrándose diferencia estadísticament e significativa (p= 0,0391). Las placas ambientales 28,33 UFC en el Box con cúpula, 29 UFC en el Box control y Box sin cúpula 46, 66 UFC. Al comprobar que la cúpula de acrílico contiene eficazmente los aerosoles, corresponde utilizarlo como norma de biosegurid ad para proteger tanto al equipo dental, como a los pacientes en tiempos de pandemia contra el COVID-19.