Objetivo: avaliar a concordância entre os estilos de liderança autoavaliados pelos gerentes de enfermagem e avaliados pelos próprios liderados em um hospital privado. Método: estudo observacional, transversal, quantitativo e analítico, com população de 31 enfermeiras gestoras e 125 liderados. Foi utilizado o instrumento de Liderança Situacional de Herman Bachenheimer, adaptando-o para os liderados. Foi analisada a concordância entre a autoavaliação e a avaliação dos liderados nos quatro estilos de liderança (Determinar, Persuadir, Compartilhar, Delegar), com o teste de significância estatística coeficiente Kappa, teste estatístico (Z)> 1,96, intervalo de confiança de 95 % e programa PASW Statistics versão 18. Resultados: a autoavaliação dos gerentes de enfermagem tende ao estilo Persuadir e, de acordo com a avaliação de seus liderados, existe diferença mínima entre os quatro estilos. A concordância é pobre, porém significativa com 19,3%. Identificou-se que os liderados consideram-se a si mesmos como possuidores das competências necessárias para realizar as tarefas atribuídas com autonomia, há confiança e comunicação assertiva entre ambos os grupos, o que facilita a troca de conhecimentos. Conclusão: os gerentes de enfermagem e seus liderados reconhecem diferentes estilos de liderança e a concordância é pobre. Para alcançar estilos de liderança superiores, os liderados devem desenvolver autonomia e empoderamento.

Objective: to evaluate the concordance between the leadership styles self-evaluated by the Nursing managers and evaluated by their subordinates in a private hospital. Methodology: an observational, cross-sectional, quantitative, and analytical study, with population of 31 managing nurses and 125 subordinates. Herman Bachenheimer’s instrument of Situational Leadership was employed, adapting it to the subordinates. The concordance between self-evaluation and evaluation by the subordinates was analyzed in the four leadership styles (Directing, Guiding, Participating, Delegating), with the Kappa coefficient statistical test, test statistic (Z) >1.96, 95% confidence interval and PASW Statistics, version 18. Results: the self-evaluation of the Nursing managerial staff has a tendency for the Guiding Style and, according to the evaluation by their subordinates, there is a minimum difference among the four styles. Their concordance is low, but significant, with 19.3%. It was identified that the subordinates perceive that they possess the necessary competences to autonomously perform the tasks assigned, and that there is trust and assertive communication between both groups, which facilitates knowledge exchange. Conclusion: the Nursing managers and their subordinates perceive various leadership styles, and concordance is low. To attain superior leadership styles, the subordinates must develop autonomy and empowerment.

Objetivo: evaluar la concordancia entre los estilos de liderazgo autoevaluados por los directivos de enfermería y evaluados por sus propios seguidores en un hospital privado. Método: estudio observacional, transversal, cuantitativo y analítico con población de 31 enfermeras directivas y 125 seguidores. Se empleó el instrumento de Liderazgo Situacional de Herman Bachenheimer, adaptándolo para los seguidores. Se analizó la concordancia entre la autoevaluación y evaluación de los seguidores en los cuatro estilos de liderazgo (Dirigir, Guiar, Participar, Delegar), con la prueba estadística coeficiente de Kappa, estadístico de prueba (Z) >1,96, intervalo de confianza del 95% y programa PASW Statistics versión 18. Resultados: la autoevaluación del personal directivo de enfermería tiende al estilo Guiar y, según la evaluación por sus seguidores, hay mínima diferencia entre los cuatro estilos. Su concordancia es pobre, pero significativa con el 19,3%. Se identificó que los seguidores se perciben con las competencias necesarias para realizar con autonomía las tareas asignadas, existe confianza y comunicación asertiva entre ambos grupos, lo que facilita intercambio de conocimientos. Conclusión: los directivos de enfermería y sus seguidores perciben diversos estilos de liderazgo, y la concordancia es pobre. Para alcanzar estilos de liderazgo superiores, los seguidores deben desarrollar autonomía y empoderamiento.

Abstract Objective: To analyze the stone clearance status resulting from percutaneous nephrolithotomy and compare fluoroscopy time between the one-shot and progressive dilation techniques. Materials and methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted on patients diagnosed with kidney stones that underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy at the Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional del Bajío in León, Guanajuato, Mexico, within the time frame of September 2015 and December 2016. Clinical characteristics, laboratory results, surgical findings, complications, days of hospital stay, and treatment success (identification of residual stone under 4 mm or its absence, through nephroscopy or fluoroscopy) were evaluated. The correlation between the type of dilation and fluoroscopy time were analyzed using the Student’s t test. Statistical significance was set at a p < 0.05. Results: Fifty patients were included in the study: 18 (36%) men and 32 (64%) women. Mean patient age was 49.8 years. Stone characteristics: 48 (96%) patients had a single kidney stone; 2 (4%) patients had multiple kidney stones; and the stones in 19 (38%) cases were the staghorn variety. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy effectiveness was complete stone clearance of 82% and a residual stone rate of 18%. Fluoroscopy time was shorter with the one-shot technique versus progressive dilation (p = 0.002). Conclusions: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy has a high success rate. One-shot dilation is as effective as progressive dilation and has a shorter fluoroscopy time.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar la proporción de estado libre de cálculos renales en pacientes intervenidos de nefrolitotomía percutánea y comparar el tiempo de fluoroscopia entre las técnicas de dilatación en un solo paso versus progresiva. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal y retrospectivo, efectuado en pacientes con diagnóstico de litiasis renal, intervenidos de nefrolitotomía percutánea en el Centro Médico Nacional del Bajío (León, Guanajuato), de septiembre de 2015 a diciembre de 2016. Se analizaron las características clínicas, resultados de laboratorio, hallazgos operatorios, complicaciones, días de estancia hospitalaria y éxito del tratamiento (identificación de un cálculo residual menor de 4 mm o su ausencia mediante nefroscopia o fluoroscopia). La correlación entre el tipo de dilatación y tiempo de fluoroscopia se analizó con la prueba t de Student. Se consideró estadísticamente significativo el valor de p <0.05. Resultados: Se estudiaron 50 pacientes: 18 (36%) hombres y 32 (64%) mujeres, con promedio de edad de 49.8 años. Características litiásicas: 48 (96%) pacientes tuvieron cálculo renal único, 2 (4%) litiasis múltiple y 19 (38%) litiasis coral. La efectividad de la nefrolitotomía reportó una proporción de estado libre de cálculo renal de 82% y litiasis residual de 18%. El tiempo de fluoroscopia fue menor con la técnica en un solo paso versus progresiva (p = 0.002). Conclusión: La nefrolitotomía percutánea es un procedimiento con alta tasa de éxito. La técnica de dilatación en un solo paso ofrece menor tiempo de fluoroscopia y es tan efectiva como la dilatación progresiva.

Objetivo: determinar la relación entre obesidad y anormalidades de parámetros cardiopulmonares en escolares. Materiales y métodos: participaron 78 escolares entre 5 a 11 años de edad, 47 hombres (60,3%) y 31 mujeres (39,7%), pertenecientes a una escuela primaria particular de la ciudad de Pachuca (México). Se evaluó: índice de masa corporal (IMC), circunferencia de cintura (CC), grasa corporal (GC), frecuencia cardiaca (FC), presión arterial (PA), frecuencia respiratoria (FR) y espirometría. Se emplearon las pruebas estadísticas chi-cuadrado (x2), odds ratio y correlación de Spearman (rs). Resultados: 23,1% de los escolares evaluados presentaron sobrepeso y 29,5%, obesidad. El 38,5 y 11,5% presentaron FC y PA superiores a los parámetros normales, respectivamente; 3,8% de la población presentó FR arriba del promedio y 11,5% mostró valores espirométricos anormales. Se encontraron relaciones entre IMC con GC y CC, GC y CC, CC y FC, GC y PA, y FC y FR. Conclusiones: las prevalencias de sobrepeso y obesidad obtenidas en este estudio fueron altas. Los niños con sobrepeso u obesidad podrían tener mayor riesgo de presentar anormalidades cardiopulmonares en comparación con niños de peso normal. Se sugiere continuar con estudios en el tema en una muestra más amplia.

Objective: Determine the relationship between obesity and abnormal cardiopulmonary parameters in school children. Materials and Methods: The sample involved 78 children between five and 11 years of age: 47 males (60.3%) and 31 females (39.7%). All were enrolled in a specific elementary school in the city of Pachuca (Mexico). Body mass (BMI), waist circumference (WC), body fat (GC), heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), respiratory rate (RR) and spirometry were evaluated. A chi-square (x2) statistical test, the odds ratio and Spearman's rank-order correlation (rs) were used. Results: In all, 23.1% of the students who were evaluated were overweight and 29.5% were obese; 38.5% and 11.5% had a HR and BP above the normal parameters, in that order; 3.8% of the population in question had a HR above average and 11.5% showed abnormal spirometric values. A relationship was found between BMI and BF and WC, BF and WC, WC and HR, BF and BP, and HR and RF. Conclusions: The prevalence of overweight and obesity found in this study was high. Children who are overweight or obese might be at increased risk of experiencing cardiopulmonary abnormalities compared to children of normal weight. It is suggested that studies on this subject be continued with a broader sample.

Objetivo: determinar a relação entre obesidade e anormalidades de parâmetros cardiopulmonares em estudantes do ensino fundamental. Materiais e métodos: participaram do estudo 78 estudantes entre 5 a 11 anos de idade, 47 do gênero masculino (60,3%) e 31 do feminino (39,7%), pertencentes a uma escola primária particular da cidade de Pachuca (México). Avaliaram-se o índice de massa corporal (IMC), a circunferência de cintura (CC), a gordura corporal (GC), a frequência cardíaca (FC), a pressão arterial (PA), a frequência respiratória (FR) e a espirometria. Utilizaram-se os testes estatísticos qui-quadrado (x2), odds ratio e correlação de Spearman (rs). Resultados: 23,1%o dos estudantes avaliados apresentaram excesso de peso e 29,5% obesidade. 38,5 e 11,5% apresentaram FC e PA superiores aos parâmetros normais, respectivamente; 3,8% da população apresentou FR acima da média e 11,5% mostraram parâmetros espirométricos anormais. Constataram-se relações entre IMC com GC e CC, GC e CC, CC e FC, GC e PA, e FC e FR. Conclusões: as prevalências de excesso de peso e obesidade obtidas neste estudo foram altas. As crianças com excesso de peso ou obesidade poderiam ter maior risco de apresentar anormalidades cardiopulmonares em comparação às de peso normal. Sugere-se continuar com estudos sobre o tema com uma amostra mais ampla.

ABSTRACTAvian metapneumovirus (aMPV) is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA enveloped virus of the Metapneumovirus genus belonging to theParamyxoviridae family. This virus may cause significant economic losses to the poultry industry, despite vaccination, which is the main tool for controlling and preventing aMPV. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiviral activity of extracts of four different native plants of the Brazilian Cerrado against aMPV. The antiviral activity against aMPV was determined by titration. This technique measures the ability of plant extract dilutions (25 to 2.5 µg mL-1) to inhibit the cytopathic effect (CPE) of the virus, expressed as inhibition percentage (IP). The maximum nontoxic concentration (MNTC) of the extracts used in antiviral assay was 25 µg mL-1for Aspidosperma tomentosumand Gaylussacia brasiliensis, and 2.5 µg mL-1for Arrabidaea chicaand Virola sebifera. Twelve different extracts derived from four plant species collected from the Brazilian Cerrado were screened for antiviral activity against aMPV. G. brasiliensis, A. chica,and V. sebifera extracts presented inhibition rates of 99% in the early viral replication stages, suggesting that these extracts act during the adsorption phase. On the other hand, A. tomentosum inhibited 99% virus replication after the virus entered the cell. The biomonitored fractioning of extracts active against aMPV may be a tool to identify the active compounds of plant extracts and to determine their precise mode of action.