RESUMEN Objetivo : Determinar el efecto que tiene la dinámica de los ingresos laborales a nivel departamental en el Perú sobre la afiliación al Sistema Privado de Administración de Pensiones (SPP), en el periodo 2004-2021. Método : Se utilizó un modelo de datos de panel con efectos fijos para estimar el efecto que tiene la dinámica de los ingresos laborales durante el periodo 2004-2021, entendido como la proporción de la Población Económicamente Activa Ocupada (PEAO) que tiene ingresos laborales dependientes por encima de la Remuneración Mínima Vital (RMV), sobre un indicador de acceso como la afiliación al SPP referido al porcentaje de la PEAO que se encuentra afiliado a dicho sistema. Resultados : Se observa que existe una dinámica diferenciada tanto en el ritmo de afiliación al SPP como en el crecimiento del ingreso laboral, y el ingreso laboral dependiente entre los departamentos. Asimismo, se determinó un efecto positivo y estadísticamente significativo de la proporción de la PEAO que cuenta con ingresos laborales dependientes por encima de la RMV sobre el porcentaje de afiliación al SPP. Conclusión : Los departamentos cuya población cuenta con mayor proporción de ingresos laborales dependientes por encima de la RMV tienen mayor acceso al SPP, entendido como un nivel más alto de afiliación como parte de la PEAO.

ABSTRACT Objective : To determine the effect of the dynamic of departmental labor income in Peru on the affiliation to the Private Pension Administration System (SPP), in the period 2004-2021. Method : A panel data model with fixed effects was used to estimate the effect of the dynamics of labor income during the 2004-2021 period, understood as the proportion of the Economically Active Population (EAP) that has dependent labor income above the minimum wage (RMV), on an access indicator such as the affiliation to the SPP referred to the percentage of the EAP that is affiliated to said system. Results : There is a differentiated dynamic in the rate of affiliation to the SPP and in the growth of labor income, and the dependent labor income between the departments. Likewise, a positive and statistically significant effect of the proportion of the EAP that has dependent labor income above the minimum wage on the percentage of affiliation to the SPP was determined. Conclusion : The departments whose population has a higher proportion of dependent labor income above the minimum wage have a greater access to the SPP, understood as a higher level of affiliation as part of the EAP.

O objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar a necessidade da mudança dos métodos de análise dos acidentes de trabalho na perícia judicial. Propõe abandonar o modelo simplista do ato inseguro praticado pelo trabalhador, que tem servido sempre como base para a construção da culpa, tornando mais abrangente e cuidadosa a análise da atividade realizada e das condições de funcionamento do sistema sociotécnico em que se deu o evento. Técnicas de análise ergonômica do trabalho são utilizadas para melhor entendimento da real situação do trabalho. O artigo objetiva ainda demonstrar como um laudo pericial acidentário, apoiado na análise da atividade realizada, sustentou o presente caso em seu trajeto na Justiça do Trabalho.

Our goal is to demonstrate the need to change the work accident analysis methods in judicial expertise. We propose abandoning the easy model of unsafe acts committed by an employee, which has been used to blame the workers and not to avoid new accidents. The method we propose starts with a comprehensive and careful analysis of the activity undertaken and the socio-cultural environment where the event occurred. Ergonomic work analysis is used to understand the actual work situation. This article uses a real case to show how an expert, based on the proposed method, argued the case in the Labor Court.

Common bile duct cysts are rare congenital anomalies which have been diagnosed only in twenty per cent of adults. The etiology is uncertain, but many patients have an anomalous pancreatobiliary junction anatomy. We present a case of a young man with a type I Alonso-Lej/ Todani common bile duct cyst and an anomalous common bile duct-pancreatic junction anatomy. Because the common bile duct did not have a segment of normal caliber, to avoid compromising with the pancreatic channel after the excision of the cyst, we performed a Roux-en-Y anastomosis by anastomosing the biliary duct to the proximal excluded jejunal loop and the common duct-pancreatic junction to the same more distally loop.