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Resumo Objetivo Para determinar o efeito de uma rotina de exercícios de resistência e dança nos membros inferiores de idosos não institucionalizados, cognitivamente íntegros e funcionais para atividades básicas da vida diária, sem risco de queda. Material e métodos Estudo quase experimental, determinou-se o efeito de uma intervenção sobre um único grupo, constituído por 26 pessoas AM de 60 anos considerando critérios de inclusão e não-inclusão. Utilizou-se o Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire; a escala Katz e a escala de Tinetti. A informação obtida foi analisada em duas fases, descritiva e inferencial. Na primeira fase, foram obtidos tabelas de distribuição de frequência assim como medidas de tendência central e de dispersão para todas as variáveis, segundo se tratou de variáveis qualitativas ou quantitativas, respectivamente. Na segunda fase, avaliou-se o efeito da intervenção através da comparação da média de trofismo, força muscular e arcos de movimentos, individual, em grupo pré- e pós-intervenção. Resultados Houve uma tendência de melhora na flexibilidade do quadril, joelho e tornozelo principalmente, a extensão do joelho permaneceu a mesma, 84,61% direita e 80,76% para a esquerda. A extensão do quadril esquerdo permanece igual em um 50% e 53,84%, no lado direito. A força muscular aumentou geralmente em todos os grupos musculares de ambas as extremidades inferiores. O trofismo de coxas aumentou em diâmetro, pantorilha em um 46% e mais do 50% mantiveram diâmetros semelhantes. Alguns dos AM perderam peso, pelo que os seus diâmetros diminuíram. Conclusões Este programa mostrou mudanças significativas na força muscular e amplitude de movimento nas participantes do estudo, pôde-se ver a associação significativa que existe entre a dança Zumba Ouro e Exercícios de Resistência com o aumento da força muscular, flexibilidade das extremidades inferiores e o aumento no nível da atividade em adultos mais velhos. O exercício e a atividade física são importantes, pelos efeitos positivos que causam sobre a saúde e a melhoria do diâmetro das coxas e do aumento da funcionalidade do idoso.

Abstract Objective To determine the effect of resistance exercise routine and dancing in the lower limbs of no institutionalized elderly, cognitively intact, functional for basic activities of daily living without falling risks. Material and Methods A quasi-experimental study, the effect of an intervention on a single group, consisting of 26 persons aged 60 AM considering criteria of inclusion and non-inclusion was determined. The Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire was used; Katz Scale and the Scale of Tinetti. The information obtained was analyzed in two stages, descriptive and inferential. In the first phase, frequency distribution tables and measures of central tendency and dispersion for all variables were obtained, as discussed in qualitative or quantitative variables, respectively. In the second phase, the effect of the intervention trophism comparing averages, muscle strength and arcs of movement group and individual pre- and post-intervention was evaluated. Results There was a trend for improvement in the flexibility of the hip, knee and ankle mostly knee extension remained the same, 84.61% and 80.76% right left. Left hip extension remains the same at 50% and 53.84%, the right side. Muscle strength increased overall in all muscle groups of both lower extremities. Trophism increased in diameter thighs, calves by 46% and over 50% were similar diameters, some of the older adults lost weight so their diameter decreased. Conclusions This program showed significant changes in muscle strength and range of motion in the study participants could see the significant association between dancing Zumba Gold and resistance exercises to increase muscle strength, flexibility lower extremities and increased level of activity in older adults. Exercise and physical activity are important for the positive effects that cause health and improvements in the diameter of the thighs and increased functionality of the elderly.

Resumen Objetivo Determinar el efecto de una rutina de ejercicios de resistencia y baile en miembros inferiores de adultos mayores no institucionalizados, cognitivamente íntegros, funcionales para actividades básicas de la vida diaria, sin riesgo de caídas. Material y métodos Estudio cuasi-experimental, se determinó el efecto de una intervención sobre un grupo único, constituido por 26 personas AM de 60 años considerando criterios de inclusión y de no inclusión. Se utilizó el Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire; la Escala de Katz y la Escala de Tinetti. La información obtenida fue analizada en dos fases, descriptiva e inferencial. En la primera fase, se obtuvieron tablas de distribución de frecuencias así como medidas de tendencia central y de dispersión para todas las variables, según se trató de variables cualitativas o cuantitativas, respectivamente. En la segunda fase, se evaluó el efecto de la intervención comparando los promedios de trofismo, fuerza muscular y de arcos de movimientos, individuales y grupales pre- y post intervención. Resultados Hubo tendencia a la mejoría en la flexibilidad en cadera, rodilla y tobillo en su mayoría, la extensión de rodilla se mantuvo igual, 84.61% derecha y 80.76% izquierda. La extensión de cadera izquierda permanece igual en un 50% y 53.84%, del lado derecho. La fuerza muscular incrementó en general en todos los grupos musculares de ambas extremidades inferiores. El trofismo de muslos aumentó en su diámetro, las pantorrillas en un 46% y más del 50% mantuvieron diámetros similares Algunos de los AM bajaron de peso, por lo tanto sus diámetros disminuyeron. Conclusiones Este programa mostró modificaciones significativas en la fuerza muscular y rangos de movimientos en los participantes del estudio, se pudo ver la asociación importante que existe entre el baile de Zumba Gold y Ejercicios de Resistencia con el incremento de la fuerza muscular, flexibilidad de las extremidades inferiores y el incremento en el nivel de la actividad en los adultos mayores. El ejercicio y la actividad física son importantes, por los efectos positivos que causan sobre la salud y la mejoría en el diámetro de los muslos y el aumento en la funcionalidad del adulto mayor.

Resumen Se presenta la modelación hidrodinámica 2D de un tramo de una vía urbana considerando las características de topografía, distribución de sumideros y cruces de vías, con el objeto de definir mejores criterios de diseño del drenaje vial urbano. El flujo preferente indica la distribución espacial donde se concentra la mayor cantidad de caudal unitario, el cual permite determinar un alineamiento interno para la ubicación de sumideros. Se evalúan diferentes escenarios de análisis que incluye la variación de los tipos de entrada de caudal, la intensidad de lluvia y la distancia entre sumideros, complementados con la inclusión de umbrales de peligrosidad de la escorrentía para los peatones. De los escenarios simulados se obtienen los comportamientos particulares del flujo sobre la vía y se define un criterio básico para la longitud de separación entre sumideros con base en un equilibrio entre criterios hidráulicos, de riesgo y económicos.

Abstract This paper presents a two-dimensional hydrodynamic modeling of a part of an urban road which considers topography, distribution of inlet grates and crossroads with the goal of determining better design criteria for urban road drainage. Preferential flow indicates the spatial distribution and concentrations of the greatest amount of unit flow, allowing the internal alignment of the location of grates to be obtained. The analysis of scenarios includes the variation of the types of flow input, rainfall intensity and distance between grates. This analysis is complemented by the inclusion of runoff hazard thresholds for pedestrians. The results show the particular behaviors of the flow over the road which is the input that determines the basic criterion for the distance between grates, based on a decision that balances hydraulic, risk and economic criteria.

ABSTRACT Botrytis cinerea is a ubiquitous necrotrophic filamentous fungal pathogen, causing the “grey mold” disease in a wide range of plants, including species of importance in the food industry. Recently, we reported the use of fac-[Re(I)(CO)3(2,2’-bpy)L]PF6 (C3) and fac-[Re(I)(CO)3(4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bpy)L]PF6 (C4) complexes as biomarkers for yeasts and bacteria. Nevertheless, the use of these complexes to stain filamentous fungi, such as Botrytis cinerea, has not been explored so far. Since Botrytis cinerea exhibits a dynamic multilayer cell wall that changes the composition during normal growth, in both their hyphae and conidia, is not possible to directly extrapolate the use of both C3 and C4 as biomarkers for Botrytis cinerea without an experimental approach. In this work, we explored new features of the luminescent compounds C3 and C4 as biomarkers for the higher filamentous fungi Botrytis cinerea, including conidia and juvenile hyphae. We found that, with the new protocol proposed, both C3 and C4 were suitable to stain conidia with a simple procedure since no cell permeabilization is required. Additionally, these results suggest that C3 and C4 can selectively stain living conidia, allowing the differentiation from non-germinating conidia. This point opens a new focus of development for rhenium (I) tricarbonyl complexes as new fluorescent biomarkers for Botrytis cinerea with potential properties as vital staining.

Bimetallic nanoparticles are of special interest for their potential applications for fuel cells, mainly for portable power applications. Among the bimetallic systems, Pt-Pd bimetallic nanoparticles have received great interest as they can be widely used as effective catalysts for various electrochemical reactions. In this work, Pt-Pd alloy bimetallic nanoparticles were synthesized through a chemical reduction method. The nanoparticles were characterized using aberration-corrected scanning/transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Also, parallel beam X-Ray diffraction analysis was carried out to evaluate the crystallographic structure. High-angle annular dark field (HAADF)-STEM images of the Pt-Pd bimetallic nanoparticles were obtained. The contrast of the images shows that the nanoparticles have an alloy structure with an average size of 7.15 nm. To understand the properties of the bimetallic nanoparticles, it is necessary to know the distribution of the elements in the nanostructure. We have used a semi-quantitative method to analyze the HAADF-STEM images, which allowed us to measure the total intensity of the scattered electrons for each atomic column. HAADF-STEM images of the Pt-Pd bimetallic nanoparticles were compared directly with image simulations, good agreement between simulation and experimental images was found. Cyclic voltammetry studies were carried out to analyze the electrochemical behavior of the bimetallic nanoparticles.

Abstract New diagnostic techniques for breast cancer detection have been developed and improved, in order to increase patient life expectancy. These techniques were emphasized in early detection of tumors with smaller dimensions, providing a better prognosis. Along with these new methods, it is necessary to propose training devices or tools to support health professionals to use them and rely on them. Our purpose is to develop a device to support thermographic analyses for early breast pathology detection. A programmable thorax was developed with the aim of simulating hyperthermic characteristics of breast pathologies in a defined area. Temperature distributions of breast tissue with a cancerous lesion were mathematically modeled using Pennes's equation, and a thermo-visual control system was built within the physical model in order to simulate a local thermal pattern of a patient's thermal image with infiltrating ductal carcinoma. Our results showed a good approximation of simulated thermal patterns to real images from a patient. In consequence we archived to obtain a thorax simulator device as first step in training health professionals in thermography techniques and to impulse the use of this method for early detection of breast pathologies.

Se presenta un nuevo método de evaluación dinámica de la competencia lectora automatizado para educación secundaria (EdiLEC). Su diseño se ajusta al marco teórico propuesto por el Informe PISA-2009 (OCDE, 2010) y los principios de la evaluación dinámica (Sternberg & Grigorenko, 2002). Esta herramienta electrónica proporciona automáticamente mensajes de retroalimentación adaptados a cada individuo sobre el proceso y ejecución a lo largo de la prueba, añadiendo a los resultados de la evaluación tradicional de la competencia lectora la posibilidad de explorar las potencialidades de aprendizaje del estudiante. El método ha sido baremado con una muestra de 1008 estudiantes de entre 11 y 14 años. Los resultados muestran que consta de propiedades psicométricas de fiabilidad, homogeneidad y validez satisfactorias.

A new method to evaluate students' reading literacy, the Method of Dynamic Assessment for Secondary Education (EdilLEC) is presented. EdilLEC is based on PISA assessment framework and the principles of dynamic assessment. In a computer-based environment, automatically provides adaptive intervention elements (feedback and user's aids), in order to add to the reading literacy traditional assessment the possibility to explore the potential of student's learning. The method has been standarized with a sample of 1008 students between 11 and 14 years of aged. Conclusions: The results show satisfactory psychometric properties of reliability, validity and homogeneity.

Introduction There are few studies on human values profile through measurement of the dominant interests of the personality in physicians in training, they found that the major interests of health care workers are the social and the economic, and their main motivations the moral and the legal. Objective We identified the human values profile of physicians in training based on the dominant interests of the personality. Method Descriptive-cross-sectional study. 187 physicians in training were included of whom 96 (51.3%) were men and 91 (48.7%) women; 66 (35.3%) were undergraduate physicians and 121 (64.7%) postgraduate physicians. The mean age was 25.49 ± 3.4 years. We applied the Allport test, which evaluated the interests or basic motives based on 6 categories: Economic, social, theoretical, religious, aesthetic and political. Each category was measured as very high, high, average, low and very low. The data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results The personality interests that predominated were «theoretical» with «very high» (51.3%) and «religious» with «very low» (54.5%). When compared by gender, in females predominated theoretical (62 vs. 34; P=.004) and political (11 vs 3; P=.033) with «very high» and the economic interest with «high» compared with males (27 vs. 12; P=.016); in males the aesthetic interest predominated with «very high» (12 vs 2; P=.008), social interest in «high» (17 vs. 7; P=.041), and the political interest in the «very low» category compared to females (8 vs 1; P=.020). Conclusions In the human values profile, the dominant personality interest was the theoretical, and the lowest was the religious, we found differences in them only by gender.

Introducción Existen pocos estudios acerca del perfil de valores humanos a través de la medición de los intereses dominantes de la personalidad de médicos en formación, en ellos se encontró que los principales intereses fueron el social y el económico, y sus motivaciones: la moral y la legal. Objetivo Se identificó el perfil de valores humanos de médicos en formación de acuerdo con los intereses dominantes de la personalidad. Método Estudio descriptivo-transversal. Se incluyó a 187 médicos becarios, 96 (51.3%) hombres y 91 (48.7%) mujeres; 66 (35.3%) médicos de pregrado y 121 (64.7%) de posgrado. La media de edad fue de 25.49 ± 3.4 años. Se aplicó el test de Allport, que evaluó los intereses o motivos básicos de la personalidad con base en 6 categorías: económica, social, teórica, religiosa, estética y política. Cada una se midió en muy alto, alto, promedio, bajo y muy bajo. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados Los intereses en la personalidad que predominaron fueron el «teórico» en «muy alto» (51.3%) y el «religioso» en «muy bajo» (54.5%). Al compararlos por género, en mujeres predominó el interés teórico (62 vs. 34; p = 0.004) y político (11 vs. 3; p = 0.033) en «muy alto» y el interés económico en «alto» en comparación con hombres (27 vs. 12; p = 0.016); en estos predominaron el interés estético en «muy alto» (12 vs. 2; p = 0.008), el interés social en «alto» (17 vs. 7; p = 0.041), y el interés político en categoría «muy bajo» en comparación con mujeres (8 vs. 1; p = 0.020). Conclusiones En el perfil de valores humanos los intereses dominantes de la personalidad de médicos en formación predominó la personalidad teórica y el de menor peso fue el interés religioso; se encontraron diferencias por género.

We have investigated the molecular, electronic and optical properties of the [Os(tpy-py)2]2+ complex (tpy-py = 4'-(4-pyridyl)-2,2':6',2"-terpyridine) and its protonated derivative [Os(tpy-pyH)2]4+ through Density Functional Relativistic calculations including Scalar and Spin Orbit corrections. The molecular geometry of the parent complex is not strongly modified by the protonation at the basic nitrogen atoms of the pyridine moieties of the terpyridine ligands in the complex. On the other hand, the optical properties of these complexes can be controlled by a change in the chemical acid-base environment, converting them into suitable materials to act as molecular switches or pH sensor devices.

In this study we evaluated the importance of the relativistic effects (scalar and spin-orbit) on the description of the electronic structure, bonding and the energetic of the [ReF8]- and [UF8]2- ions. We described the bonding interaction between ligands and metal center using the energy decomposition analysis (EDA) proposed by Morokuma and Ziegler, in which it can be appreciated a strong ionic behavior for both ions since the electrostatic interaction energy (∆Ezlestat) is greater than the orbitalic interaction energy (∆E Orb). Furthermore, a qualitative analysis using the mapping of the electrostatic potential over the total electronic density evidence an increase of the ionic character, as well as, the polarization of the electronic density as U > Re. The electron localization function (ELF) corroborates the bonding analysis because of the lack of di-synaptic basins on the metal-ligand bonding region.

Objetivo Definir el perfil gerontológico de los adultos mayores en Tabasco, México. Material y métodos Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, transversal, descriptivo. Universo: 35 745 adultos mayores afiliados al Instituto Nacional de las Personas Adultas Mayores (INAPAM), Delegación Tabasco. Muestra: no se tomó. Criterios de selección: adultos mayores que se afiliaron al INAPAM durante el período Enero/2004-Diciembre/2006. Variables: socio demográficas, sanitarias y de preferencias personales. Fuente de información: base de datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Adultos Mayores del INAPAM correspondiente al período de estudio. Análisis: estadísticas descriptivas. Resultados Algunos adultos mayores se encuentran incapacitados para trabajar (11,9 %), los que laboran lo hacen en el campo (10,5 %). Casi todos tienen ingresos (99,8 %):por apoyo familiar (46 %)o empleo (22,3 %). El analfabetismo está en la quinta parte de la población (21,0 %). La mayoría viven acompañados (88,9 %): por cónyuges (57,3 %) o hijos (45,9 %). Viven en casas propias (87,1 %), con los servicios básicos (94,3 %), y cuentan con estufa, televisión y refrigerador (74,5 %). Las enfermedades más frecuentes: osteo degenerativas (50,4 %), oftalmológicas (39,2 %) y odontológicas (16,3 %), además de: hipertensión arterial, Diabetes mellitus y neoplasias. Cuentan con seguridad social el 63,3 %, pero los servicios de la Secretaría (Ministerio) de Salud son más usados (28,7 %). Fomentan los valores: salud (81,2 %), familia (72,4 %), y amor (45,9 %); la convivencia con la familia es la actividad más frecuente de tiempo libre (72 %), junto a las actividades religiosas (56,4 %). Conclusiones Los rasgos citados integran el perfil gerontológico del adulto mayor de Tabasco. Los resultados de esta serie, difieren parcialmente con los reportados por otras instituciones nacionales.

Objective Defining the gerontological profile of an elderly population in Tabasco, Mexico. Material and methods This was an observational, retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study. The study population consisted of 35,745 elderly adults who were enrolled in the Mexican Older Adults' Institute (Instituto Nacional de las Personas Adultas Mayores-INAPAM) in Tabasco. Sampling was not used. The selection criteria invol ved elderly adults who were enrolled in INAPAM from January/2004-December/2006. Socio-demographic, sanitary and personal preferences were the variables considered. INAPAM's Mexican Survey of Senior Citizens' database for the study period was used for providing the necessary information; descriptive statistics were used for analysis. Results Some elderly adults were unable to work (11.9 %); those working did so in the countryside (10.5 %). Almost all of them had some sort of income (99.8 %): family support (46 %) or employment (22.3 %). A fifth of the population were illiterate (21 %). Most of them li ved with someone else (88.9 %) with a spouse (57.3 %) or children (45.9 %). Most li ved in their own houses (87.1 %), had basic services (94.3 %) and a stove, television and refrigerator (74.5 %). The frequently occurring diseases were osteo-degenerative (50.4 %), ophthalmic (39.2 %) dental (16.3 %), high blood pressure-related, Diabetes mellitus and tumours. Most had social security (63.3 %) but mostly used Mexican Ministry of Health services (28.7 %). They fostered the following values: health (81.2 %), family (72.4 %) and love (45.9 %); sharing family time was the most frequent free-time activity (72 %) followed by religious activities (56.4 %). Conclusions The aforementioned features formed the gerontological profile for elderly adults in Tabasco; and the results of this series partially differed from that reported by other Mexican institutions.

Objective Defining the gerontological profile of an elderly population in Tabasco, Mexico. Material and methods This was an observational, retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study. The study population consisted of 35,745 elderly adults who were enrolled in the Mexican Older Adults' Institute (Instituto Nacional de las Personas Adultas Mayores-INAPAM) in Tabasco. Sampling was not used. The selection criteria invol ved elderly adults who were enrolled in INAPAM from January/2004-December/2006. Socio-demographic, sanitary and personal preferences were the variables considered. INAPAM's Mexican Survey of Senior Citizens' database for the study period was used for providing the necessary information; descriptive statistics were used for analysis. Results Some elderly adults were unable to work (11.9 %); those working did so in the countryside (10.5 %). Almost all of them had some sort of income (99.8 %): family support (46 %) or employment (22.3 %). A fifth of the population were illiterate (21 %). Most of them li ved with someone else (88.9 %) with a spouse (57.3 %) or children (45.9 %). Most li ved in their own houses (87.1 %), had basic services (94.3 %) and a stove, television and refrigerator (74.5 %). The frequently occurring diseases were osteo-degenerative (50.4 %), ophthalmic (39.2 %) dental (16.3 %), high blood pressure-related, Diabetes mellitus and tumours. Most had social security (63.3 %) but mostly used Mexican Ministry of Health services (28.7 %). They fostered the following values: health (81.2 %), family (72.4 %) and love (45.9 %); sharing family time was the most frequent free-time activity (72 %) followed by religious activities (56.4 %). Conclusions The aforementioned features formed the gerontological profile for elderly adults in Tabasco; and the results of this series partially differed from that reported by other Mexican institutions.

Objetivo Definir el perfil gerontológico de los adultos mayores en Tabasco, México. Material y métodos Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, transversal, descriptivo. Universo: 35 745 adultos mayores afiliados al Instituto Nacional de las Personas Adultas Mayores (INAPAM), Delegación Tabasco. Muestra: no se tomó. Criterios de selección: adultos mayores que se afiliaron al INAPAM durante el período Enero/2004-Diciembre/2006. Variables: socio demográficas, sanitarias y de preferencias personales. Fuente de información: base de datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Adultos Mayores del INAPAM correspondiente al período de estudio. Análisis: estadísticas descriptivas. Resultados Algunos adultos mayores se encuentran incapacitados para trabajar (11,9 %), los que laboran lo hacen en el campo (10,5 %). Casi todos tienen ingresos (99,8 %):por apoyo familiar (46 %)o empleo (22,3 %). El analfabetismo está en la quinta parte de la población (21,0 %). La mayoría viven acompañados (88,9 %): por cónyuges (57,3 %) o hijos (45,9 %). Viven en casas propias (87,1 %), con los servicios básicos (94,3 %), y cuentan con estufa, televisión y refrigerador (74,5 %). Las enfermedades más frecuentes: osteo degenerativas (50,4 %), oftalmológicas (39,2 %) y odontológicas (16,3 %), además de: hipertensión arterial, Diabetes mellitus y neoplasias. Cuentan con seguridad social el 63,3 %, pero los servicios de la Secretaría (Ministerio) de Salud son más usados (28,7 %). Fomentan los valores: salud (81,2 %), familia (72,4 %), y amor (45,9 %); la convivencia con la familia es la actividad más frecuente de tiempo libre (72 %), junto a las actividades religiosas (56,4 %). Conclusiones Los rasgos citados integran el perfil gerontológico del adulto mayor de Tabasco. Los resultados de esta serie, difieren parcialmente con los reportados por otras instituciones nacionales.

Relativistic time-dependent density functional (TDDFT) calculations including spin orbit interactions via the zero order regular approximation (ZORA) and solvent effects using the COSMO model were carried out on the [Re6Q8(NCS)6]4- , (Q = S, Se, Te) clusters. These calculations indicate that the lowest energy allowed electronic transitions are characterized by being of LMCT type. The calculated absorption maximum tends to shift to longer wavelengths as the face-capping chalcogenide ligand becomes heavier. Thus our calculations predict that the [Re6Te8(NCS)6]4- cluster might be also luminescent. Due to the unusual properties exhibited by these and other isoelectronic and isostructural hexarhenium (III) chalcogenide clusters, hexamolybdenum halide clusters and hexatungsten halide clusters, we propose here the design of nanodevices, such as, molecular sensors and molecular nanocells for molecular electronics.

Dirac molecular spinor calculations on the Re2Cl8(2-), Re2Br8(2-), Os2Cl8(2-) (both staggered and eclipsed isomers), Os2Br8(2-) and Os2I8(2-) cluster ions are reported. Here we report the calculations of the spin-orbit splitting affecting the metal and ligand core-like states and also affecting the p and d metal-metal bonds. We also compare the calculated molecular spin-orbit splitting against the calculated atomic spin-orbit splitting, and, against available experimental data