RESUMO Racional: A reconstrução de trânsito intestinal é procedimento realizado eletivamente que não é isento de complicações, pelo contrário, muitos estudos evidenciam alto grau de morbimortalidade, dependendo de fatores inerentes ao paciente, bem como da própria técnica operatória. Objetivo: Identificar as características epidemiológicas dos pacientes submetidos à reconstrução intestinal, além de analisar as informações a respeito do procedimento cirúrgico e as complicações decorrentes. Método: Foi realizado análise retrospectiva dos prontuários dos pacientes submetidos à reconstrução intestinal no período de sete anos (2009-2015). Resultado: Foram incluídos 39 pacientes, sendo 53,8% homens e 46,2% mulheres, com idade média de 52 anos. As operações tipo Hartmann e ileostomia foram os motivos para a reconstrução do trânsito intestinal, representando juntas 87% dos pacientes. A anastomose terminoterminal foi realizada em 71,8% dos casos, utilizando principalmente a técnica manual. 25,6% dos pacientes apresentaram complicações, destacando-se a fístula de anastomose. Três (7,6%) morreram. O tempo operatório, necessidade de UTI e transfusão sanguínea apresentaram significância estatística com as complicações pós-operatórias. Conclusão: Verificou-se que a maioria foi de homens, com média de idade de 52 anos. Entre as variáveis estudadas, observou-se que a duração da operação, a necessidade de transfusão sanguínea e de UTI foram fatores complicadores com significância estatística.

ABSTRACT Background : The restoration of intestinal continuity is an elective procedure that is not free of complications; on the contrary, many studies have proven a high level of morbidity and mortality. It is multifactorial, and has factors inherent to the patients and to the surgical technique. Aim : To identify epidemiological features of patients that underwent ostomy closure analyzing the information about the surgical procedure and its arising complications. Method : It was realized a retrospective analysis of medical records of patients who underwent ostomy closure over a period of seven years (2009-2015). Results : A total of 39 patients were included, 53.8% male and 46.2% female, with mean age of 52.4 years. Hartmann´s procedure and ileostomy were the mainly reasons for restoration of intestinal continuity, representing together 87%. Termino-terminal anastomosis was performed in 71.8% of cases, by using mainly the manual technique. 25.6% developed complications, highlighting anastomotic leakage; there were three deaths (7.6%). The surgical time, the necessity of ICU and blood transfusion significantly related to post-operative complications. Conclusion : It was found that the majority of the patients were male, with an average age of 52 years. It was observed that the surgical time, the necessity of blood transfusion and ICU were factors significantly associated with complications.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Se realizaron dos experimentos en un beneficiadero en Brasil, dirigido a la evaluación de las lesiones en la piel de cerdo y la canal en la área de espera del beneficiadero y destinado a evaluar los efectos de glucosa (G), bicarbonato de sodio (SB) y vitamina E (VE) añadida al agua durante el ayuno antes de la masacre en el rendimiento de la canal, de órganos y la calidad de la carne. Materiales y métodos. En primer ensayo incluyó a 1.000 cerdos, observados en la zona de descanso del beneficiadero hasta la entrada en el área del aturdimiento. En el segundo ensayo se utilizaron 500 animales en el último día antes del beneficio, en un diseño experimental incluyendo diez repeticiones. Los tratamientos fueron: agua; 50 g/L G; 50 g/L G + 200 mg/L VE; 75 g/L G; 75 g/L G + 200 mg VE; 0.45% SB; 0.45% SB + 200 mg/L VE; 0.55% SB; 0.55% SB + 200 mg/L VE; 200 mg/L of VE. Resultados. Los rendimiento de la canal y de órganos no se vieron afectados por los tratamientos. La adición de 0.55 % SB + 200 mg VE redujo el pH final de la carne, y de 0.45 % SB reduce el valor de pigmento rojo. Conclusiones. Los principales casos de lesiones en la piel y la canal de cerdos se deben a peleas. La adición de los nutrientes en el agua de bebida no afectó a la carcasa, el rendimiento vísceras y calidad de la carne.

ABSTRACT Objective. Two experiments were conducted on a slaughterhouse located in Brazil, which the first aimed at evaluating the injuries on pig skin and carcass resulting from slaughterhouse waiting area management and the second aimed at assessing how glucose (G), sodium bicarbonate (SB) and vitamin E (VE) added to water during pre-slaughter fasting may affect carcass yield, organ relative weight and pork meat quality characteristics. Materials and methods. First trial included 1000 pigs, which were observed in the slaughterhouse resting area until the moment they entered the stunning process area. In the second trial were used 500 animals distributed on the last pre-slaughter day in a completely randomized design, including ten treatments and ten replicates. The treatments were: water; 50 g/L G; 50 g/L G + 200 mg/L of VE; 75 g/L of G; 75 g/L of G + 200 mg VE; 0.45% SB; 0.45% SB + 200 mg/L of VE; 0.55% SB; 0.55% SB + 200 mg/L of VE; 200 mg/L of VE. Results. Carcass yield and relative organ weight were not affected by treatments. The addition of 0.55% SB + 200 mg VE reduced the final pH of meat, and of 0.45% SB reduced the red pigment intensity. Conclusions. The main occurrences of injuries to the skin and carcass of pigs are due to fights. Also, adding glucose, sodium bicarbonate, and vitamin E to diet did not affect the carcass and viscera yield and meat quality.

Resumen La oxigenación con membrana extracorpórea (ECMO), es una alternativa terapéutica útil en el manejo de la falla respiratoria refractaria en la edad pediátrica. La infección por virus sincitial respiratorio es una patología prevalente en nuestra ciudad con una carga de la enfermedad que supone el 75% de las hospitalizaciones en menores de 2 años diagnosticados con bronquiolitis. Un índice de oxigenación mayor a 40 predice una mortalidad mayor del 80% en estos pacientes, asimismo, se ha encontrado que un pH menor de 7.29 es un factor de riesgo independiente para la mortalidad en el mismo grupo. La ECMO es una terapia que desde el año 1985 ha mostrado tener una sobrevida del 53% en este grupo, llegando a niveles del 63% en los últimos años, particularmente, si la etiología es el virus sincitial respiratorio. Se reportan dos casos de pacientes lactantes menores con falla respiratoria refractaria en quienes se decidió iniciar la ECMO logrando la sobrevida de ambos.

Abstract Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a useful alternative therapy when managing refractory respiratory failure in pediatric patients. An infection caused by respiratory syncytial virus is a prevalent condition in our city, with a disease burden that accounts for 75% of hospital admissions in children under to years of age who have been diagnosed of bronchiolitis. An oxygenation index above 40 predicts a mortality of over 80% for these patients; likewise, it has been found that a pH below 7.29 is an independent mortality risk factor for this same group. ECMO is a therapy that has shown survival rates of 53% in this patient group since 1985, reaching a level of 63% over recent years, particularly when the aetiology is respiratory syncytial virus. Two cases of infants with refractory respiratory failure where ECMO therapy was chosen and achieved survival of both children are reported.

ABSTRACT A number of aspects of human health are caused by, or associated with, local climate conditions, such as heat and cold, rainfall, wind and cloudiness. Any of these aspects of health can also be affected by climate change, and the predicted higher temperatures, changes in rainfall, and more frequent extreme weather conditions will create increased health risks in many workplaces. Important occupational health risks include heat stress effects, injuries due to extreme weather, increased chemical exposures, vector-borne diseases and under-nutrition. In South Africa (SA), and many other parts of the world experiencing a hot season each year, the effects of heat stress may be of greatest relevance to the large working populations in mining, agriculture, construction, quarries and outdoor services. Factory and workshop heat will also become an increasing problem in the numerous workplaces without effective cooling systems. SA was the location for some of the most detailed research on heat effects at work in mines in the 1950s and 1960s, and the future will bring new challenges not only for mines, but also for many other workplaces. The climate model trends for this century indicate that the heat exposure may increase by 2 - 4°C during the hottest months, and this would change the occupational heat situation from 'low risk' to 'moderate or high risk' in much of SA.

O envelhecimento da população e o aumento da expectativa de vida resultam em um número cada vez maior de pacientes com demência. Os déficits cognitivos podem ser manifestações de uma doença curável do sistema nervoso central (por exemplo, neuroinflamação), como também de uma doença atualmente considerada irreversível, como a doença de Alzheimer (DA). Tendo em vista as novas abordagens terapêuticas para a DA, em que se avalia o potencial modificador da patogenia, torna-se necessário o estabelecimento de um diagnóstico confiável em vida. Embora a análise do líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR) e do soro seja realização de rotina em doenças neuroinflamatórias, ainda necessita de padronização para ser usada como instrumento auxiliar no diagnóstico clínico da DA. Vários parâmetros relacionados à DA (tau total, formas fosforiladas de tau, peptídeos Aβ, genótipo ApoE, p97 etc.) podem ser determinados no LCR. A combinação de alguns desses parâmetros proporciona sensibilidade e especificidade na faixa de 85% para o diagnóstico da DA, um valor usualmente atribuído a um bom instrumento de diagnóstico. Nesta revisão, são discutidas as publicações mais recentes sobre os marcadores neuroquímicos para o diagnóstico clínico das demências, com ênfase no diagnóstico precoce e diferencial da DA. Discutem-se brevemente as novas perspectivas oferecidas por tecnologias recentes, tais como a FCS (fluorescence correlation spectroscopy) e a técnica de espectrometria de massa pelo método SELDI-TOF (surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry).

Aging of population, and increasing life expectancy result in an increasing number of patients with dementia. This symptom can be a part of a completely curable disease of the central nervous system (e.g, neuroinflammation), or a disease currently considered irreversible (e.g, Alzheimer's disease, AD). In the latter case, several potentially successful treatment approaches are being tested now, demanding reasonable standards of pre-mortem diagnosis. Cerebrospinal fluid and serum analysis (CSF/serum analysis), whereas routinely performed in neuroinflammatory diseases, still requires standardization to be used as an aid to the clinically based diagnosis of AD. Several AD-related CSF parameters (total tau, phosphorylated forms of tau, Aß peptides, ApoE genotype, p97, etc.) tested separately or in a combination provide sensitivity and specificity in the range of 85%, the figure commonly expected from a good diagnostic tool. In this review, recently published reports regarding progress in neurochemical pre-mortem diagnosis of dementias are discussed with a focus on an early and differential diagnosis of AD. Novel perspectives offered by recently introduced technologies, e.g, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS) are briefly discussed.

O conhecimento acerca da ecologia populacional de Eudendrium spp. para a costa brasileira ainda é incipiente, porém de grande importância para o esclarecimento de problemas taxonômicos, como o que envolve as espécies Eudendrium caraiuru Marques & Oliveira, 2003 e E. glomeratum Picard, 1951. O presente estudo buscou conhecer os padrões de sazonalidade e reprodução de uma população de E. caraiuru, amostrada em placas de recrutamento submersas na praia do Cabelo Gordo de Dentro, no canal de São Sebastião, SP, Brasil. As placas foram observadas trimestralmente entre julho de 1999 e julho de 2000. Eudendrium caraiuru se mostrou uma espécie ativa durante todo o ano, apresentando picos reprodutivos associados ao resfriamento e queda na salinidade da água, embora apresentasse uma parcela da população com atividade reprodutiva incessante. A constatação de diferenças ecológicas entre E. caraiuru e E. glomeratum, espécie aparentemente cosmopolita de morfologia semelhante, corrobora a separação destas como linhagens diferentes.

The ecology of Eudendrium spp. from the Brazilian coast is poorly known, although it already proved to be useful and important as a tool to solve some taxonomical problems of the genus. The seasonality and reproduction patterns of a population of Eudendrium caraiuru Marques & Oliveira, 2003 were studied. Data were sampled from test panels immersed in the water off Cabelo Gordo de Dentro beach, in São Sebastião Channel, Southeastern Brazil, from July 1999 to July 2000, every three months. Eudendrium caraiuru was active throughout the study period. Reproductive peaks of the species were regulated by cold and low-salinity water, although part of the population always bore mature gonophores. In addition to morphological differences, ecological differences between E. caraiuru and its similar species, E. glomeratum Picard, 1951, especially from well known populations of the Mediterranean Sea, corroborated that these species are diverse lineages of a unique ancestor.