The biology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic techniques, and history of the introduction of Trypanosoma (Duttonella) vivax in the New World are reviewed. The two main immunological responses of trypanosome-infected animals - antibody production and immunodepression - are discussed in the context of how these responses play a role in disease tolerance or susceptibility. Isolation and purification of T. vivax are briefly discussed. The recent reports of bovine trypanosomiasis diagnosed in cattle on farms located in the Pantanal region of the states of Mato Grosso do Sul and Mato Grosso, Brazil, are also discussed.

The presence of Mycobacterium bovis in bovine carcasses with lesions suggestive of tuberculosis was evaluated. Seventy-two carcass samples were selected during slaughter inspection procedures in abattoirs in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Seventeen (23.6%) of samples showed colonies suggestive of mycobacteria that were confirmed to be acid-fast bacilli by Ziehl-Neelsen staining. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers specific for M. bovis identified M. bovis in 13 (76.5%) isolates. The PCR-restriction enzyme pattern analysis using gene encoding for the 65-kDa protein and two restriction enzymes identified the remaining four isolates that were represented by two M. tuberculosis complex and two nontuberculous mycobacteria. The results are indicative of infection of slaughter cattle by M. bovis and other mycobacteria in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul.

Avaliou-se a produção de anticorpos da classe Ig-G anti Borrelia burgdorferi em bovinos imunizados com proteína recombinante Bm86 de Boophilus microplus, assim como a influência de imunizações e estresse associados por meio do teste ELISA indireto no período de um ano. Não houve interferência na produção de anticorpos IgG anti B. burgdorferi pelos desafios utilizados isoladamente no presente estudo. O imunógeno rBm86 não causou oscilações significantes na produção de anticorpos IgG anti B. burgdorferi capazes de interferir nos resultados sorológicos para Borreliose de Lyme em bovinos. O estudo demonstrou a possibilidade de alterações transitórias na produção de anticorpos após estímulos vacinais e de estresse associados, ressaltando a necessidade de estudos sorológicos em conjunto a dados epidemiológicos e de manejo.

IgG antibodies production against Borrelia burgdorferi in immunized cattle with rBm86 protein from Boophilus microplus was evaluated as well as the influence of the association between immunizations and stress through indirect ELISA test during one year. In the present study there was no influence of the isolated challenged used on the production of IgG antibodies against B. burgdorferi. The rBm86 immunogen did not cause significant oscillation in the production of IgG antibodies against B. burgdorferi capable to interfere in the serological results for Lyme Borreliosis in cattle. This study demonstrated the possibility of transitory changes in the production of antibodies after the association of vaccine stimuli and stress, emphasizing the necessity of serological studies combined with epidemiological and management data.

Com o objetivo de avaliar a toxicidade do cobre em ovinos, administrou-se sulfato de cobre a quatro grupos, nas dosagens de 15, 30, 60 e 120ppm, até surgirem os sinais da intoxicação; um quinto grupo permaneceu como controle. Estes animais foram submetidos a exames clínicos diários e a determinações periódicas dos níveis séricos de trasaminase glutâmico oxalacética (AST) e gamaglutamiltransferase (gamaGT). Aqueles que morreram durante o experimento foram necropsiados, sendo os fragmentos dos principais órgãos analisados histologicamente; adicionalmente foram determinados os níveis de cobre hepático. Em todos os grupos houve casos de intoxicação, os quais ocorreram entre 80 e 116 dias. Os principais sinais clínicos da intoxicação foram: depressão, icterícia, hemoglobinúria e diarréia. Elevações dos níveis de gamaGT e AST foram observadas entre 21 e 43 dias antes do aparecimento dos sinais clínicos, atingindo valor máximo durante o quadro clínico. As principais alterações histológicas foram observadas no fígado e rins, revelando lesões degenerativas. Os valores de cobre hepático variaram entre 1097,5 e 1366,9ppm, evidenciando níveis iguais ou superiorres a duas vezes o valor considerado como limite máximo normal, confirmando-se assim que este elemento foi responsável pelo quadro clínico patológico. Todas as dosagens usadas no experimento foram consideradas como potencialmente tóxicas para esta espécie animal.

In order to evaluate the copper toxicity in sheep, 4 groups of animals have been administered Copper sulfate at the dosagens 15, 30, 60 and 120ppm, until signs of intoxication occurred. There was still a 5th group, as control. These animals have been submitted to daily physical examination and periodical determinations of AST and gammaGT serum levels. Those that have died during the study have been necropsied and the fragments of the main organs have been histologically examined. The liver copper levels have also been determined. In all groups there have been cases of intoxication, which occurred between the 80th and 116th day. The principal clinical signs of intoxication were: depression, jaundice, haemoglobinuria and diarrhea. It has been observed raised levels of gammaGT and AST between 21st and 43rd day before the clinical signs appeared, getting the maximum value during the clinical stage. The main histological changes were present in the liver and kidneys, showing degeneration lesions. Lever copper values varied from 1097.5 is 1366.9ppm, showing the same level or twice the value considered to be the maximum normal limit, assuring thus that this element has been responsible for the pathological clinical process. All the dosagens used in the study have been considered potentially toxic to this species.