ABSTRACT. In the present clinical case the presence of cutaneous horn of 4 months of evolution in the phalanx of the left anterior limb in a 3-year-old French Bulldog canine is reported, the collective surgical ablation of a sample (4.5 x 3.2 cm) of two Phalanges of the left anterior limb, which included skin, hair and nail, for macroscopic examination and excisional biopsy of the phalanges. Histopathological study determines as a presumptive cause the canine papillomavirus, a lack of confirmation by immunohistochemistry, PCR and / or molecular sequencing. The development of papillomavirus-induced lesions in adult dogs is often associated with the immunosuppression of underlying diseases or drugs, such as corticosteroids and cyclosporine, however in this case it did not present previous diseases or ingests of immunosuppressive medications. The objective of this work is to report the first documented case in Latin America of a canine cutaneous horn allegedly associated with Papillomavirus infection

RESUMEN. En el presente caso clínico se reporta la presencia de cuerno cutáneo de 4 meses de evolución en la falange del miembro anterior izquierdo en un canino Bulldog francés de 3 años, se realizó ablación quirúrgica colectándose una muestra (4,5 x 3,2 cm) de dos falanges del miembro anterior izquierdo, que incluyó piel, pelo y uña, para realizar examen macroscópico y biopsia escisional de las falanges. Mediante estudio histopatológico se estableció como causa presuntiva el papilomavirus canino, a falta de confirmación por inmunohistoquímica, PCR y/o secuenciación molecular. El desarrollo de lesiones inducidas por papilomavirus en los perros adultos a menudo se asocia con la inmunosupresión de enfermedades o fármacos subyacentes, como los corticosteroides y la ciclosporina, sin embargo en este caso no presentaba enfermedades anteriores ni ingestas de medicamentos inmunosupresores. El objetivo de este trabajo es el de reportar el primer caso documentado en Latinoamérica de un cuerno cutáneo canino presuntamente asociado con la infección por Papilomavirus

Triatoma dimidiata is one of the major vectors of Chagas disease in Latin America. Its range includes Mexico, all countries of Central America, Colombia, and Ecuador. In light of recent genetic analysis suggesting that the possible origin of this species is the Yucatan peninsula, we have analyzed populations from the state of Yucatan, San Luis Potosi, and Veracruz in Mexico, and a population from the southern region of the Yucatan peninsula located in Northern Guatemala, the region of El Peten. Classical morphometry including principal component, discriminant, sexual dimorphism, and wing asymmetry was analyzed. San Luis Potosi and Veracruz populations were indistinguishable while clearly separate from Yucatan and Peten populations. Despite important genetic differences, Yucatan and Peten populations were highly similar. Yucatan specimens were the smallest in size, while females were larger than males in all populations. Only head characters were necessary to distinguish population level differences, although wing fluctuating asymmetry was present in all populations. These results are discussed in light of recent findings suggesting genetic polymorphism in most populations of Triatoma dimidiata south of Chiapas to Ecuador.

En la Escuela de Petróleos de la Universidad de Santander se presentó una ecuación generalizada de balance en materiales para yacimientos de gas asociado al carbón teniendo como punto de partida el método aplicado por Walsh, quien trabajó en una expresión similar pero para yacimientos convencionales de petróleo y gas (Walsh, 1995). Esta ecuación se fundamentó en doce suposiciones similares a las hechas por Walsh en su expresión generalizada para yacimientos convencionales, parte de la misma consideración volumétrica y finalmente se reorganiza como lo realizaron Walsh et al (1 994). Al no ser expresada en términos de los gráficos (P/Z) planteado por King (1 990), da pie para hacer un mayor número de análisis cuantitativos y cualitativos. Además se mostró que las ecuaciones existentes son solo casos particulares de la generalizada evaluada bajo ciertas restricciones. Esta ecuación es aplicable a yacimientos en estado saturado, equilibrio y subsaturado, y para cualquier manto de carbón sin restricciones para valores especiales de la constante de difusión.

A generalized material balance equation was presented at the Escuela de Petróleos de la Universidad Industrial de Santander for coal seam gas reservoirs based on Walsh 's method, who worked in an analogous approach for oil and gas conventional reservoirs (Walsh, 1 995). Our equation was based on twelve similar assumptions itemized by Walsh for his generalized expression for conventional reservoirs, it was started from the same volume balance consideration and was finally reorganized like Walsh (1 994) did. Because it is not expressed in terms of traditional (P/Z) plots, as proposed by King (1 990), it allows to perform a lot of quantitative and qualitative analyses. It was also demonstrated that the existent equations are only particular cases of the generalized expression evaluated under certain restrictions. This equation is applicable to coal seam gas reservoirs in saturated, equilibrium and undersaturated conditions, and to any type of coalbeds without restriction on especial values of the constant diffusion.