SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Bronchiectasis is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by inflammation, irreversible dilation of the bronchi, and recurrent pulmonary infections, with a high morbidity and mortality rate, but is less studied from the point of view of its prevalence and associated factors not directly related to respiratory prognosis. As it is a disease related to the exacerbation of the inflammatory process and oxidative stress, this study searched to investigate the micronucleus frequency in patients with and without bronchiectasis treated at a specialized pulmonology service in a hospital in the extreme south of Brazil. METHODS: Patients with a confirmed tomographic diagnosis of bronchiectasis were defined as cases. Mutagenicity was evaluated by the micronucleus test in patients’ oral mucosa cells. Data collection was performed through a questionnaire containing socioeconomic, demographic, lifestyle, and health condition information. RESULTS: Of the 95 patients involved in this study, 21 (22.1%) were diagnosed with bronchiectasis aged between 12 and 89 years. There was no significant difference in the frequency of micronucleus between patients with and without bronchiectasis. There was a significant positive association between age and frequency of micronucleus among patients with bronchiectasis, but this association does not occur among patients without the disease. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to investigate data on the prevalence and clinical and epidemiological aspects of this chronic disease in Brazil, especially those related to the genotoxicity outcome.

Resumen: Objetivo: Evaluar la morbimortalidad de las bronquiectasias, su interface con el mantenimiento de las tasas de ingreso hospitalario y los resultados pronósticos insatisfactorios, y el impacto negativo en la salud pública brasileña. Métodos: Las informaciones clínicas y epidemiológicas provinieron del departamento de informática del Sistema Único de Salud de Brasil - DataSus, del cual se filtraron los datos requeridos a través de la lista de morbilidades del SUS - CID10. Se buscó información sobre la hospitalización de pacientes con bronquiectasias, como sexo, edad, tiempo y costo de la hospitalización, régimen de tratamiento y número de muertes a consecuencia de la enfermedad. Resultados: Se observó que de enero de 2008 a febrero de 2020 se hospitalizaron alrededor de 24.087 pacientes con bronquiectasias. El 65% eran adultos, con una gran porción en la fase productiva. El 84% de los pacientes buscó unidades de salud en modalidad de emergencia y el 47% acudió a los servicios públicos. El promedio brasileño de estancia hospitalaria fue estimado en 8,1 días, el costo del servicio rondaba los R$ 28 millones y se registraron 698 muertes por bronquiectasias. Conclusiones: Enfermedades como las bronquiectasias están lejos del manejo adecuado que requieren las enfermedades pulmonares crónicas. A pesar de la importante evolución diagnóstica, la etiología y el tratamiento de la enfermedad siguen siendo cuestionables.

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the morbidity and mortality of bronchiectasis, its interface with the maintenance of hospitalization rates and unsatisfactory prognostic outcomes, as well as the negative impact on Brazilian public health. Methods: The clinical and epidemiological information came from the IT department of the Brazilian Unified Health System - DataSus, from which the required data was filtered through the SUS - CID10 list of morbidities. Information was sought, in absolute numbers, regarding the hospitalization of bronchiectasis patients, such as gender, age, time and cost of hospitalization, care regime, and the number of deaths due to the disease. Results: From the variables found, it was noted that in the period from January 2008 to February 2020, around 24,087 bronchiectasis patients were hospitalized. 65% of the total number of hospitalizations due to the disease consisted of adults, with a large portion in the productive phase (between 20 and 79 years). 84% of the patients sought health units in an emergency mode and 47% used public services at the time of hospitalization. The Brazilian average length of stay in hospital was estimated at 8.1 days and the cost of the service was around R$ 28 million in the twelve years analyzed. Besides, 698 deaths due to bronchiectasis were recorded in Brazil. Conclusions: Diseases such as bronchiectasis are far from the adequate management that chronic lung diseases require. Despite the significant diagnostic evolution, the etiology and treatment of disease is still questionable, providing unsatisfactory quality of life for bronchiectasis patients.

RESUMEN Introducción: Es conocido que la adenosina está involucrada en el mecanismo de precondicionamiento isquémico clásico, actuando a través de los receptores A1 y A3. Objetivo: El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue evaluar si el precondicionamiento isquémico remoto (rIPC) activa los receptores de adenosina A1 antes de la isquemia o en la reperfusión y, de ese modo, reduce el tamaño del infarto de miocardio. Corazones aislados de rata fueron sometidos a 30 minutos de isquemia y 60 minutos de reperfusión (I/R). En otro grupo de ratas, se realizó un protocolo de rIPC. El tamaño del infarto se midió con trifenil de tetrazolio. Resultados: El rIPC disminuyó significativamente el tamaño del infarto. Este efecto fue abolido cuando se administró DPCPX (bloqueante del receptor A1) o L-NAME (inhibidor de la síntesis de óxido nítrico) durante la reperfusión. Conclusión: Empleando un modelo de corazón aislado de rata demostramos que el rIPC reduce el tamaño del infarto de mio cardio mediante la activación del receptor A1 de adenosina al inicio de la reperfusión miocárdica. Este efecto protector también estaría mediado por la activación de la enzima óxido nítrico sintasa durante la reperfusión.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar a prevalência e os fatores associados à dor lombar nos últimos 12 meses entre adolescentes de um município do sul do estado do Piauí, Brasil. Estudo transversal com 1112 adolescentes de 13-19 anos do município de Caracol. Investigaram-se características demográficas, socioeconômicas, nutricionais, comportamentais e comorbidades. O desfecho foi a ocorrência de dor lombar (DL) nos últimos 12 meses. Foi calculada a prevalência do desfecho de acordo com as variáveis independentes. Entre os adolescentes com DL no último ano, foi calculada a proporção de indivíduos com dor lombar crônica. Para análise dos fatores associados, foi utilizada a regressão de Poisson bruta e ajustada para cálculo das razões de prevalência. A prevalência de dor lombar nos últimos 12 meses foi de 32,9%. De acordo com a análise ajustada, sexo feminino (RP = 1,75; IC95%:1,45-2,10), idade entre 18-19 anos (RP = 1,27; IC95%:1,01-1,62), maior renda (RP = 1,33; IC95%:1,06-1,67), estar trabalhando (RP 1,25 IC95%:1,02-1,53) e apresentar distúrbios psiquiátricos menores (RP 1,51 IC95%: 1,25-1,82) permaneceram associados à DL nos últimos 12 meses. Este estudo encontrou elevada prevalência de DL entre adolescentes de um município pequeno do semiárido nordestino.

Abstract The scope of this article is to assess low back pain prevalence and associated factors in the last 12 months among adolescents in a city in the south of the State of Piauí. It was a cross-sectional study which included 1,112 adolescents aged 13-19 in the city of Caracol, Piauí. Demographic, socio-economic, nutritional, behavioral and comorbidty characteristics were investigated. The outcome was the occurrence of low back pain (LBP) in the last 12 months. The outcome prevalence was calculated in accordance with independent variables. The proportion of individuals with chronic LBP was calculated among adolescents with LBP in the last 12 months. Crude and adjusted Poisson regression was used to estimate the prevalence ratio in the analysis of associated factors. The prevalence of LBP in the last 12 months was 32.9%. According to the adjusted analysis, being female (PR = 1.75; 95%CI:1.45-2.10), being aged 18-19 (PR = 1.27; 95%CI:1.01-1.62), having higher income (PR = 1.33; 95%CI:1.06-1.67), having a job (PR 1.25 95%CI:1.02-1.53) and having minor psychiatric disorders (PR 1.51 95%CI: 1.25-1.82) were associated with LBP in the last 12 months. This study found a high prevalence of LBP among adolescents in a poor city in the semiarid region of Northeast Brazil.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar a prevalência e os fatores associados à dor lombar nos últimos 12 meses entre adolescentes de um município do sul do estado do Piauí, Brasil. Estudo transversal com 1112 adolescentes de 13-19 anos do município de Caracol. Investigaram-se características demográficas, socioeconômicas, nutricionais, comportamentais e comorbidades. O desfecho foi a ocorrência de dor lombar (DL) nos últimos 12 meses. Foi calculada a prevalência do desfecho de acordo com as variáveis independentes. Entre os adolescentes com DL no último ano, foi calculada a proporção de indivíduos com dor lombar crônica. Para análise dos fatores associados, foi utilizada a regressão de Poisson bruta e ajustada para cálculo das razões de prevalência. A prevalência de dor lombar nos últimos 12 meses foi de 32,9%. De acordo com a análise ajustada, sexo feminino (RP = 1,75; IC95%:1,45-2,10), idade entre 18-19 anos (RP = 1,27; IC95%:1,01-1,62), maior renda (RP = 1,33; IC95%:1,06-1,67), estar trabalhando (RP 1,25 IC95%:1,02-1,53) e apresentar distúrbios psiquiátricos menores (RP 1,51 IC95%: 1,25-1,82) permaneceram associados à DL nos últimos 12 meses. Este estudo encontrou elevada prevalência de DL entre adolescentes de um município pequeno do semiárido nordestino.

Abstract The scope of this article is to assess low back pain prevalence and associated factors in the last 12 months among adolescents in a city in the south of the State of Piauí. It was a cross-sectional study which included 1,112 adolescents aged 13-19 in the city of Caracol, Piauí. Demographic, socio-economic, nutritional, behavioral and comorbidty characteristics were investigated. The outcome was the occurrence of low back pain (LBP) in the last 12 months. The outcome prevalence was calculated in accordance with independent variables. The proportion of individuals with chronic LBP was calculated among adolescents with LBP in the last 12 months. Crude and adjusted Poisson regression was used to estimate the prevalence ratio in the analysis of associated factors. The prevalence of LBP in the last 12 months was 32.9%. According to the adjusted analysis, being female (PR = 1.75; 95%CI:1.45-2.10), being aged 18-19 (PR = 1.27; 95%CI:1.01-1.62), having higher income (PR = 1.33; 95%CI:1.06-1.67), having a job (PR 1.25 95%CI:1.02-1.53) and having minor psychiatric disorders (PR 1.51 95%CI: 1.25-1.82) were associated with LBP in the last 12 months. This study found a high prevalence of LBP among adolescents in a poor city in the semiarid region of Northeast Brazil.

The aim of this study is to develop a method of matrix synthesis for tissue engineering, capable of accelerating reparative processes and reducing the risk of infection, destined to reconstructive surgeries involving bone tissue. For this purpose the bovine bone mineral phase, hydroxyapatite, was used while retaining its dimensional structure. This is obtained from a chemical wash process followed by a thermal process that removes the entire organic components. This matrix is superficially modified with zinc oxide (ZnO), element known for its action in various biological processes and its antibacterial action. The procedure involves the intrusion of ZnO dispersions in alcohol solution-1,2,3-propanetriol, made in a thermal bath and the subsequent high temperature sintering. The degree of attachment and the Zn concentration on the hydroxyapatite matrix is determined by electron microscopy and energy spectrometry. X-ray diffraction shows that the incorporation of Zn ions in the surface forms Zn phosphates. The developed original process allows modifying in a simple way synthetic bone grafts, by providing antibacterial and osteoproliferative properties to the osteoconductive substrate.

El objetivo del presente trabajo es desarrollar un metodo de sintesis de matrices para ingenieria de tejidos, capaces de acelerar los procesos reparativos y disminuir el riesgo de infeccion, destinadas a cirugias reconstructivas que involucren el tejido oseo. A este fin se emplea la fase mineral de hueso bovino, la hidroxiapatita, conservando su estructura tridimensional. Esta se obtiene a partir de un proceso de lavado quimico, seguido de un proceso termico que elimina todos los componentes organicos. Esta matriz es modificada superficialmente con oxido de zinc (ZnO), elemento reconocido por su accion en diversos procesos biologicos y su accion antibacteriana. El procedimiento involucra la intrusion de dispersiones de ZnO en solucion de alcohol-1,2,3 propanotriol, efectuadas en un bano termico y el ulterior sinterizado a alta temperatura. El grado de fijacion y la concentracion del Zn sobre la matriz de hidroxiapatita se determinan por medio de microscopia electronica y espectrometria en energias. La difraccion de rayos X muestra que la incorporacion de los iones de Zn en la superficie forma fosfatos de Zn. El original proceso desarrollado permite modificar, en forma sencilla, injertos oseos sinteticos, otorgando capacidad antibacteriana y osteoproliferativa al sustrato osteconductor.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: analisar um programa piloto de promoção de saúde com trabalhadores marítimos de rebocadores baseado no estímulo à prática de atividade física regular e no acompanhamento nutricional. METODOLOGIA: fizeram parte do estudo 10 trabalhadores do porto do Rio Grande, sul do Brasil, que foram submetidos a um programa de 22 semanas, composto de atividade física e acompanhamento nutricional regular. Antes e após a intervenção foram realizadas as seguintes avaliações: física, bioquímica sanguínea, VO2 máximo e qualidade de vida (WHOQOL Bref). Na análise foram utilizados os testes t de Student pareado, o de Wilcoxon e o de Correlação de Pearson. Resultados: foi verificado diminuição na média de peso (84,3 vs. 82,1 kg; p = 0,03), da circunferência abdominal (97,1 vs. 91,7 cm; p = 0,005) e do quadril (103,5 vs. 100,7 cm; p = 0,005). O tempo de atividade física se correlacionou com a redução da circunferência abdominal (r = 0,636; p = 0,048) e com o índice cintura-quadril (r = 0,683; p=0,03). Houve redução no número de trabalhadores com triglicerídeos alterados (7 vs. 3; p = 0,04). A análise da qualidade de vida não apresentou alteração. CONCLUSÃO: o modelo de intervenção de promoção de saúde proposto mostrou, para os trabalhadores participantes, resultados positivos em parâmetros importantes para o risco cardiovascular.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To analyze a pilot study on health promotion for maritime tugboat workers. METHODOLOGY: Ten tugboat workers from Rio Grande harbor located in Southern Brazil participated in a 22 week program, consisting of physical activity and regular nutritional counseling. Physical tests, blood biochemistry, VO2 max, and test on quality of life (WHOQOL Bref) were applied before and after the intervention. Paired Student t test, Wilcoxon test, and Pearson correlation were used. RESULTS: Decrease on weight (84.3 x 82.1 kg; p = 0.03), waist circumference (97.1 x 91.7 cm; p = 0.005) and hip circumference (103.5 x 100.7 cm; p = 0.005) was observed. Physical activity duration showed correlation with reduction of waist circumference (r = 0.636; p = 0.048) and waist-hip ratio (r = 0.683; p = 0.03). The number of workers with elevated triglycerides was reduced (7 vs. 3; p = 0.04). Life quality results did not alter. CONCLUSION: The health promotion intervention model showed positive results in important parameters for cardiovascular risk among tugboat workers under study.

Pure titanium or titanium alloys, and to a lesser extent, zirconium, are metals that are often used in direct contact with host tissues. These metallic biomaterials are highly reactive, and on exposure to fluid media or air, quickly develop a layer of titanium dioxide (TiO2) or zirconium dioxide (ZrO2). This layer of dioxide forms a boundary at the interface between the biological medium and the metal structure, determining the degree of biocompatibility and the biological response of the implant. Corrosion is the deterioration a metal undergoes as a result of the surrounding medium (electrochemical attack), which causes the release of ions into the microenvironment. No metal or alloy is entirely inert in vivo. Corrosion phenomena at the interface are particularly important in the evolution of both dental and orthopedic implants and one of the possible causes of implant failure after initial success. This paper comprises a review of literature and presents results of our laboratory experiments related to the study of corrosion, with special emphasis on dental implants. In situ degradation of a metallic implant is undesirable because it alters the structural integrity of the implant. The issue of corrosion is not limited to a local problem because the particles produced as a result could migrate to distant sites, whose evolution would require further studies.

El titanio puro o en aleacion, y en menor grado el circonio, son los metales mas utilizados en contacto directo con los tejidos del huésped. Estos biomateriales metálicos son muy reactivos y al exponerse a medios líquidos o al aire, desarrollan rápidamente una capa de dióxido de titanio (TiO2) o de dioxido de circonio (ZrO2). Esta capa de dióxido limita la interfase entre el medio biológico y la estructura metalica, determinando el grado de biocompatibilidad y la respuesta biológica del implante. La corrosión es el deterioro que sufre un metal debido al medio que lo rodea (ataque electroquímico) y que produce como consecuencia la liberación de iones en el microambiente. In vivo ningun metal o aleacion es completamente inerte. Los fenómenos de corrosión, en la zona de la interfase, son de especial importancia en la evolución de los implantes tanto odontológicos como ortopédicos y constituyen una de las posibles causas de fracaso de un implante luego del éxito inicial. El presente trabajo comprende una revision bibliográfica y la presentación de resultados de las experiencias de nuestro laboratorio en relación al estudio de la corrosión con especial énfasis en los implantes odontológicos. La degradación “in situ” de un implante metálico es un hecho no deseable ya que altera la integridad estructural del implante. La problemática de la corrosión no se limitaría a un problema local dado que las partículas resultantes de este proceso podrían migrar a sitios alejados al sitio del implante, cuya evolución plantea interrogantes para futuros estudios.