Resumo: Com o crescimento da produção de forrageiras, a demanda por sementes de alta qualidade aumenta. O condicionamento fisiológico vem como técnica para produzir sementes de alta qualidade e tolerância à estresses. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de agentes condicionantes sobre a germinação de sementes e crescimento de plântulas de Urochloa ruziziensis em condições de estresse hídrico e salino. Foi estabelecido um experimento em delineamento inteiramente casualizado testando o efeito de seisagentes condicionantes e três condições de germinação. Foram avaliados conteúdo de água, porcentagem e velocidade de germinação, viabilidade das sementes remanescentes do teste de germinação, comprimento da plântula, atividade do sistema antioxidante e a quantidade do malonaldeído. Melhor performance foi observada em sementes condicionadas submetidas ao déficit hídrico e salino do que aquelas não condicionadas. Um aumento significante foi observado na percentagem e velocidade de germinação de sementes, bem como no tamanho de raízes e caule. O nitroprussiato de sódio tem maior potencial para uso no condicionamento fisiológico de sementes de U. ruziziensis.

Abstract: As forage production increase, high-quality seeds demand follows. Priming have been reported as a technique for improve seed quality and stress tolerance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the priming agents effect on Urochloa ruziziensis seed germination and seedling establishment under water deficit and salt stress. A completely randomized experiment assessing six priming agents and three germination conditions were established. We evaluated: seed water content; germination percentage and speed index; viability of seeds remaining from the germination test; seedling length; antioxidant enzymatic activity; and malondialdehyde quantity. Seeds primed under water deficit and salt stress showed better physiological performance than dry seeds. There was a significant increase in seed germination percentage and speed and in seedling roots and shoots length. Sodium Nitroprusside shows significant potential for use in the physiological priming of U. ruziziensis seeds.

ABSTRACT Soil tillage systems can influence crop development. In order to evaluate the effects of tillage equipment on soil physics and soybean development, five soil tillage systems were evaluated (mouldboard plow, disc plow, intermediate harrow, scarifier and rotary hoe) and their effect on aggregates of a dystrophic Red Yellow Latosol. A completely randomized design with four replications was used. The tillage systems influenced the average height of the plants in the soybean crop. Soil preparation with disc plows and moldboards cause larger plant sizes compared to the scarifier. Periodic soil tillage systems do not influence the development and productivity of the soybean crop.

RESUMO Sistemas de preparo do solo podem influenciar o desenvolvimento das culturas. Com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de equipamentos de preparo na física do solo e desenvolvimento da soja, foram avaliados cinco sistemas de preparo do solo (arado de aivecas, arado de discos, grade aradora intermediária, escarificador e enxada rotativa) e seu efeito nos agregados de um Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo distrófico. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. Os sistemas de preparo do solo influenciaram na altura média das plantas na cultura da soja. O preparo do solo com os arados de discos e aivecas ocasionam maior tamanho de plantas em comparação ao escarificador. Os sistemas de preparo periódico do solo não influenciam no desenvolvimento e a produtividade da cultura da soja.

ABSTRACT Univariate methods for diagnosing nutritional status such as the sufficiency range and the critical level for garlic crops are very susceptible to the effects of dilution and accumulation of nutrients. Therefore, this study aimed to establish bivariate and multivariate norms for this crop using the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) and Nutritional Composition Diagnosis (CND), respectively. The criteria used were nutritional status and the sufficiency range, and then the diagnoses were compared. The study was performed in the region of Alto Paranaíba, MG, Brazil, during the crop seasons 2012 and 2013. Samples comprised 99 commercial fields of garlic, cultivated with the cultivar “Ito” and mostly established in Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo Distrófico (Oxisol). Copper and K were the nutrients with the highest number of fields diagnosed as limiting by lack (LF) and limiting by excess (LE), respectively. The DRIS method presented greater tendency to diagnose LF, while the CND tended towards LE. The sufficiency range of both methods presented narrow ranges in relation to those suggested by the literature. Moreover, all ranges produced by the CND method provided narrower ranges than the DRIS method. The CND method showed better performance than DRIS in distinguishing crop yield covered by different diagnoses. Turning to the criterion of evaluation, the study found that nutritional status gave a better performance than sufficiency range in terms of distinguishing diagnoses regarding yield.