ABSTRACT Background: The number of tuberculosis (TB) cases in prisons is higher than that in the general population and has been reported as the most common cause of death in prisons. This study evaluated the delay in the diagnosis and treatment of TB in Brazilian prisons. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted between 2007 and 2015 using data from the five largest male prisons in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. TB case data was collected from the National Database of Notifiable Diseases (SINAN), GAL-LACEN, and prison medical records. The following variables were recorded: prison, year of diagnosis, age, race, education, HIV status, smoking status, comorbidities, number of symptoms, percentage of cures, delay in diagnosis, patient delay, provider delay, laboratory delay, and delay in treatment. Descriptive statistics were used for the variables of interest. Results: A total of 362 pulmonary TB cases were identified. The average time between the first symptom and reporting of data was 94 days. The mean time between symptom onset and laboratory diagnosis was 91 days. The average time from symptom onset to first consultation was 80 days. The time between diagnosis and treatment initiation was 5 days. Conclusions: Delays were significant between reporting of the first symptoms and diagnosis and significantly smaller from the time between notification and start of treatment. Control strategies should be implemented to diagnose cases through active screening, to avoid delays in diagnosis and treatment, and to reduce TB transmission.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To understand the evolution of AIDS over time in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, using incidence, lethality, and mortality coefficients. METHODS: A descriptive epidemiological study based on time series analysis of secondary data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System reported between 1985 and 2012. RESULTS: The prevalence of AIDS was higher among men, with evidence of feminization during the first 14 years of the epidemic. There was no statistically significant sex difference in AIDS lethality. Women were 1.3 times more likely to survive than men. CONCLUSIONS: Gender differences must be considered when designing new HIV/AIDS prevention strategies.

O estudo teve por objetivo estimar a prevalência da infecção e genótipo do vírus da hepatite C (HCV), bem como determinar a subnotificação de casos. O total de 115.386 gestantes atendidas pelo Programa Estadual de Proteção à Gestante de Mato Grosso do Sul foi submetido à coleta de sangue para a detecção de anti-HCV, de 2005 a 2007. A prevalência da infecção pelo HCV foi de 1,07 casos/1.000. As amostras positivas foram submetidas à detecção do HCV-RNA e genotipadas. O genótipo 1 foi encontrado em 73% das amostras, 24,3% pertenciam ao genótipo 3 e 2,7% ao genótipo 2. A subnotificação de casos de hepatite C foi de 35,5%.

The study was aimed at estimating the prevalence of infection with and the genotype of hepatitis C virus (HCV), and to determine the extent of underreporting of HCV cases. A total of 115,386 pregnant women seen by the Program for Protection of Pregnancy [Programa Estadual de Proteção à Gestante] of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Central-Western Brazil, were tested for anti-HCV antibodies between 2005 and 2007. Prevalence of HCV infection was 1.07 cases per thousand. Positive samples were tested for HCV RNA and genotyped. Genotype 1 was detected in 73% of samples, genotype 3 in 24.3%, and genotype 2 in 2.7%. Underreporting of hepatitis C cases was 35.5%.

El estudio tuvo por objetivo estimar la prevalencia de la infección y genotipo del virus de la hepatitis C (HCV), así como determinar la subnotificación de casos. El total de 115.386 gestantes atendidas por el Programa Estatal de Protección a la Gestante de Mato Grosso do Sul (Centro-Oeste de Brasil) fueron sometidas a la colecta de sangre para la detección de anti-HCV, de 2005 a 2007. La prevalencia de la infección por el HCV fue de 1,07 casos/1000. Las muestras positivas fueron sometidas a la detección del HCV-RNA y genotipadas. El genotipo 1 fue encontrado en 73% de las muestras, 24,3% pertenecían al genotipo 3 y 2,7% al genotipo 2. La subnotificación de casos de hepatitis C fue de 35,5%.

O estudo teve por objetivo estimar a prevalência da infecção e genótipo do vírus da hepatite C (HCV), bem como determinar a subnotificação de casos. O total de 115.386 gestantes atendidas pelo Programa Estadual de Proteção à Gestante de Mato Grosso do Sul foi submetido à coleta de sangue para a detecção de anti-HCV, de 2005 a 2007. A prevalência da infecção pelo HCV foi de 1,07 casos/1.000. As amostras positivas foram submetidas à detecção do HCV-RNA e genotipadas. O genótipo 1 foi encontrado em 73% das amostras, 24,3% pertenciam ao genótipo 3 e 2,7% ao genótipo 2. A subnotificação de casos de hepatite C foi de 35,5%.

The study was aimed at estimating the prevalence of infection with and the genotype of hepatitis C virus (HCV), and to determine the extent of underreporting of HCV cases. A total of 115,386 pregnant women seen by the Program for Protection of Pregnancy [Programa Estadual de Proteção à Gestante] of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Central-Western Brazil, were tested for anti-HCV antibodies between 2005 and 2007. Prevalence of HCV infection was 1.07 cases per thousand. Positive samples were tested for HCV RNA and genotyped. Genotype 1 was detected in 73% of samples, genotype 3 in 24.3%, and genotype 2 in 2.7%. Underreporting of hepatitis C cases was 35.5%.

El estudio tuvo por objetivo estimar la prevalencia de la infección y genotipo del virus de la hepatitis C (HCV), así como determinar la subnotificación de casos. El total de 115.386 gestantes atendidas por el Programa Estatal de Protección a la Gestante de Mato Grosso do Sul (Centro-Oeste de Brasil) fueron sometidas a la colecta de sangre para la detección de anti-HCV, de 2005 a 2007. La prevalencia de la infección por el HCV fue de 1,07 casos/1000. Las muestras positivas fueron sometidas a la detección del HCV-RNA y genotipadas. El genotipo 1 fue encontrado en 73% de las muestras, 24,3% pertenecían al genotipo 3 y 2,7% al genotipo 2. La subnotificación de casos de hepatitis C fue de 35,5%.

The objective of this ecological and transversal study was to learn about the prevalence of precancerous and cancerous lesions of the cervix and the coverage of screening with the cervical smear test among women in the villages of Jaguapirú and Bororó in the Indian Reserve of Dourados. Data was collected from the Indigenous Health Information Service and the Polo-Base de Dourados/FUNASA Program for the Control of Cervical Cancer, referent to the period 2004-2006. The results showed that the test had mostly taken place among women between 15 and 34 years of age. Screening coverage increased in Jaguapirú and decreased in Bororó. As for cytopathological changes, 5.7% of tests in Jaguapirú indicated premalignant lesions; in the village of Bororó the result was 2.9%. There was evidence of a reduction in the gravity of cervical lesions as the screening program went on. These findings show the importance of control programs for the population under study.

El objetivo de este estudio, ecológico transversal, fue conocer la prevalencia de lesiones precancerosas y cancerosas de cuello uterino y hacer la verificación por medio del examen Papanicolau en mujeres de las aldeas Jaguapirú y Bororó, de la Reserva Indígena de Dourados. Los datos fueron recogidos del Sistema de Informaciones de Salud Indígena y del Programa Control de Cáncer de Cuello de Útero del Polo-Base de Dourados/FUNASA, sobre el periodo de 2004 a 2006. Los resultados demostraron que el examen es realizado más en mujeres entre 15 y 34 años; la cobertura para rastrear creció en la aldea Jaguapirú y disminuyó en la Bororó. Acerca de las alteraciones citopatológicas, 5,7% de los exámenes en mujeres de la aldea Jaguapirú apuntaron lesiones premalignas; en la aldea Bororó ese resultado fue 2,9%. Se evidenció reducción en la gravedad de las lesiones cervicales a la medida que era hecha la implantación del programa para rastrear. Tales informaciones indican la importancia de los programas de control para la población estudiada.

O objetivo deste estudo, ecológico transversal, foi conhecer a prevalência de lesões pré-cancerosas e cancerosas de colo uterino e a cobertura do rastreamento por meio do exame Papanicolaou em mulheres das aldeias Jaguapirú e Bororó, da Reserva Índigena de Dourados. Os dados foram coletados do Sistema de Informações de Saúde Indígena e do Programa de Controle do Câncer de Colo de Útero do Pólo-Base de Dourados/FUNASA, referentes ao período de 2004 a 2006. Os resultados demonstraram que o exame tem sido realizado mais em mulheres entre 15 e 34 anos; a cobertura do rastreamento aumentou na aldeia Jaguapirú e diminuiu na Bororó. Quanto às alterações citopatológicas, 5,7% dos exames em mulheres da aldeia Jaguapirú indicaram lesões pré-malignas; na aldeia Bororó esse resultado foi 2,9%. Evidenciou-se redução na gravidade das lesões cervicais no decorrer da implantação do programa de rastreamento. Estes achados indicam a importância dos programas de controle para a população estudada.