ABSTRACT Soil quality can be understood as its capacity to provide several essential services within the ecosystem and has been used to understand the impact of different managements, providing information that proves the benefits and your maintenance of the agroecosystem. To understand the impact of different managements, this study aimed to compare the chemical, physical, and biological soil properties in pasture areas managed with different recovery times in an integrated crop-livestock system about perennial pastures and secondary forest. The following management systems were evaluated: Secondary Forest (SF), Perennial Pasture (PP), pasture recovered to five years through the intercropping corn + Brachiaria brizantha (Palisade grass) (ICL5), and pasture recovered to eight years through the intercropping corn + Brachiaria brizantha (Palisade grass) (ICL8). Different soil properties were evaluated, namely: Chemical: pH, H+Al, Al 3+ , P, K + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , TOC, SB, CEC, V, and m; Physical: soil bulk density (Bd), total porosity (Tp), macroporosity (Ma), microporosity (Mi), soil resistance to penetration (Pr), and gravimetric soil water content (GWc); and biological: soil microbial biomass carbon (SMB-C), basal soil respiration (BSR), metabolic quotient (qCO 2 ), and microbial quotient (qMic). Perennial pasture and ICL8 areas were the ones that most contributed to the increase in nutrients (Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , and K + ), TOC and sorption complex. The ICL8 area showed the best results in soil physical variables Ma, Tp, Pr, and GWc were the best results for the ICL8 area. Secondary forest and ICL8 areas presented the best results from SMB-C and qMic. Between periods of pasture recovery through the integration of crops and livestock, the longer the recovery time, the greater its beneficial effects on the different chemical, physical and biological soil properties, overcoming secondary forest and perennial pasture.

ABSTRACT. In Maranhão State, Brazil, soils are naturally acidic, nutrient-deficient, and prone to cohesion and erosion. Removing the natural cover to establish pastures causes physical, chemical, and biological changes in the soil. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the contents and stocks of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and particle-size fractions of soil organic matter (SOM) in pastures with different years of recovery, and compare them with a secondary forest in the Legal Amazon. Four treatments were evaluated: secondary forest, perennial pasture, and perennial pastures recovered for five years and eight years, both of the latter through corn + brachiaria intercropping. The contents and stocks of total organic carbon, total nitrogen, C, and N from the soil organic matter particle-size fractions, as well as the carbon management indexes (CMI) of the 0.00-0.10, 0.10-0.20, 0.20-0.30, and 0.30-0.40 m layers were evaluated. The perennial pasture environment presented the highest total soil C and N contents; however, when observing the granulometric fractions and CMI, these increases were qualitative in relation to the secondary forest. Pasture recovery over eight years contributed to an improvement of soil quality similar to secondary forest, indicating that an increase in SOM quality, quantity, and recovery time related to increased pasture capacity to accumulate C and N in the soil.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Verificar a cobertura da vacina contra o HPV em mulheres matriculadas em cursos da área de saúde de uma universidade do sudoeste do Estado de Goiás e os fatores associados à vacinação. MÉTODOS Trata-se de estudo transversal, incluindo universitárias dos cursos da área de saúde, com 18 anos ou mais. Foi utilizado questionário padronizado e autoaplicável. As participantes que receberam duas ou mais doses da vacina foram consideradas como imunizadas. A análise múltipla foi realizada por meio de regressão logística multinomial. RESULTADOS Observou-se que, das 1510 participantes, 473 (31,3%) com duas ou mais doses de vacina contra o HPV, 167 (11,0%) com uma dose e 870 (57,6%) não vacinadas. As participantes com menos de 21 anos e inseridas no estrato socioeconômico A tinham 2 vezes mais chance de terem recebido duas doses ou mais da vacina (Razão de Prevalência = 1,95; IC95% 1,40–2,70 e Razão de Prevalência = 2,09; IC95% 1.39–3,13, respectivamente). CONCLUSÕES A pesquisa revelou extensa possibilidade para intervenções com o objetivo de atingir maior cobertura vacinal entre as universitárias. Mesmo mulheres com mais conhecimento e de estrato econômico elevado apresentaram baixa cobertura vacinal, sugerindo que resultados de cobertura vacinal maior podem ser obtidos com a vacinação realizada em ambiente escolar.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To check the coverage of the HPV vaccine in women enrolled in health courses at a university in southwest Goiás, Brazil, and the factors associated with vaccination. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study, including female university students of health courses, aged 18 years or more. A standardized and self-applying questionnaire was used. Participants who received two or more doses of the vaccine were considered immunized. Multiple analysis was performed using multinomial logistic regression. RESULT We observed that, of the 1510 participants, 473 (31.3%) had two or more doses of HPV vaccine, 167 (11.0%) one dose and 870 (57.6%) were unvaccinated. Participants under 21 years of age and in socioeconomic stratum A were 2 times more likely to have received two or more doses of the vaccine (Prevalence Ratio = 1.95; 95%CI 1.40–2.70 and Prevalence Ratio = 2.09; 95%CI 1.39–3.13, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The research revealed extensive possibility for interventions with the aim of achieving greater vaccination coverage among female university students. Even women with more knowledge and high economic stratum showed low vaccination coverage, suggesting that results of higher vaccine coverage can be obtained with vaccination carried out in a school environment.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Verificar a cobertura da vacina contra o HPV em mulheres matriculadas em cursos da área de saúde de uma universidade do sudoeste do Estado de Goiás e os fatores associados à vacinação. MÉTODOS Trata-se de estudo transversal, incluindo universitárias dos cursos da área de saúde, com 18 anos ou mais. Foi utilizado questionário padronizado e autoaplicável. As participantes que receberam duas ou mais doses da vacina foram consideradas como imunizadas. A análise múltipla foi realizada por meio de regressão logística multinomial. RESULTADOS Observou-se que, das 1510 participantes, 473 (31,3%) com duas ou mais doses de vacina contra o HPV, 167 (11,0%) com uma dose e 870 (57,6%) não vacinadas. As participantes com menos de 21 anos e inseridas no estrato socioeconômico A tinham 2 vezes mais chance de terem recebido duas doses ou mais da vacina (Razão de Prevalência = 1,95; IC95% 1,40–2,70 e Razão de Prevalência = 2,09; IC95% 1.39–3,13, respectivamente). CONCLUSÕES A pesquisa revelou extensa possibilidade para intervenções com o objetivo de atingir maior cobertura vacinal entre as universitárias. Mesmo mulheres com mais conhecimento e de estrato econômico elevado apresentaram baixa cobertura vacinal, sugerindo que resultados de cobertura vacinal maior podem ser obtidos com a vacinação realizada em ambiente escolar.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To check the coverage of the HPV vaccine in women enrolled in health courses at a university in southwest Goiás, Brazil, and the factors associated with vaccination. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study, including female university students of health courses, aged 18 years or more. A standardized and self-applying questionnaire was used. Participants who received two or more doses of the vaccine were considered immunized. Multiple analysis was performed using multinomial logistic regression. RESULT We observed that, of the 1510 participants, 473 (31.3%) had two or more doses of HPV vaccine, 167 (11.0%) one dose and 870 (57.6%) were unvaccinated. Participants under 21 years of age and in socioeconomic stratum A were 2 times more likely to have received two or more doses of the vaccine (Prevalence Ratio = 1.95; 95%CI 1.40–2.70 and Prevalence Ratio = 2.09; 95%CI 1.39–3.13, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The research revealed extensive possibility for interventions with the aim of achieving greater vaccination coverage among female university students. Even women with more knowledge and high economic stratum showed low vaccination coverage, suggesting that results of higher vaccine coverage can be obtained with vaccination carried out in a school environment.

RESUMO: Conhecer a forma como os passageiros vivenciam a hospitalidade a bordo das aeronaves que voam no mercado aéreo doméstico brasileiro permite identificar os fatores que são valorizados pelos passageiros e que podem se tornar um diferencial competitivo no disputado mercado da aviação. Dentro do universo da hospitalidade na aviação, a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo estudar a forma como os passageiros percebem a hospitalidade a bordo das aeronaves do transporte aéreo doméstico brasileiro. O estudo é de natureza mista, compreendendo fase qualitativa, com revisão bibliográfica; e fase quantitativa, com o desenvolvimento de instrumento de coleta de dados e a análise de 1.163 questionários, tendo se utilizado como ferramentas de análise os softwares SPSS e SmartPLS. Os resultados alcançados permitem concluir que, na visão dos passageiros, a hospitalidade é percebida a bordo das aeronaves, abrangendo um conjunto de 19 itens que podem ser explicados usando-se 5 fatores que foram denominados “atrativos”, “atendimento”, “bem-estar”, “low-cost” e “higiene” que, submetidos à análise decorrente das hipóteses geradas, permitiu concluir que no Brasil não existem empresas genuinamente “low-cost”, tendo em vista que a redução no conforto a bordo das aeronaves não traz a consequente redução de preços esperada.

ABSTRACT: Knowing how passengers experience hospitality during Brazilian domestic flights enables us to identify the factors that are most valued by passengers, and that can be used to gain competitive advantage in the highly competitive Brazilian aviation industry. Within the universe of aviation hospitality, this research aims to study how passengers view hospitality during Brazilian domestic flights. This study uses mixed methods, comprising a qualitative phase, with a bibliographic and quantitative review, the development of data collection questionnaire, and analysis of the responses gathered from 1,163 returned questionnaires, using the software programs SPSS and SmartPLS. The results show how hospitality is perceived by passengers during Brazilian domestic flights, based on a set of 19 items that can be grouped into five factors: “attractiveness”, “service”,“ well-being”, “low-cost” and “hygiene”. Based on the analysis of the generated hypotheses, this study concludes that there are no genuinely “low cost” companies in Brazil, considering that reduced in-flight comfort is not associated with the consequent expected price reduction.

RESUMEN: Saber cómo los pasajeros ven la hospitalidad a bordo de los aviones nacionales brasileños nos permite identificar los factores que los pasajeros valoran y que pueden convertirse en un diferenciador competitivo en el mercado de aviación brasileño en disputa. Dentro del universo de la hospitalidad en la aviación, esta investigación tiene como objetivo estudiar la forma en que los pasajeros ven la hospitalidad a bordo de los aviones de transporte aéreo nacionales de Brasil. El estudio es de naturaleza mixta y comprende una fase cualitativa con una revisión bibliográfica y cuantitativa con el desarrollo del instrumento de recopilación de datos y el análisis de 1.163 cuestionarios, utilizando el software SPSS y SmartPLS. Los resultados muestran que, a juicio de los pasajeros, se percibe la hospitalidad a bordo de los aviones de transporte aéreo nacionales de Brasil, que cubren un conjunto de 19 elementos que pueden explicarse utilizando 5 factores que se denominaron “atractivo”, “servicio”, “Bienestar”, “bajo costo” e “higiene” y que, en general, no hay compañías genuinamente” de bajo costo en Brasil, ya que se reduce la comodidad a bordo del avión sin la reducción de precios.

Resumo Propósito justificado do tema: O conhecimento da forma como os passageiros enxergam a hospitalidade a bordo das aeronaves brasileiras permite identificar os fatores tangíveis e intangíveis valorizados pelos passageiros e que podem fazer diferença no momento da escolha da empresa aérea. Objetivo: Dentro do universo da hospitalidade na aviação, a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a hospitalidade no transporte aéreo doméstico brasileiro a partir da visão dos passageiros. Metodologia e abordagem: O estudo é de natureza mista compreendendo fase qualitativa com revisão bibliográfica e quantitativa com o desenvolvimento de instrumento de coleta de dados e a análise de 1.163 questionários, tendo se utilizado como ferramenta de análise o software SPSS. Resultados: Os resultados alcançados permitem concluir que, na visão dos passageiros, a hospitalidade é percebida a bordo das aeronaves do transporte aéreo doméstico brasileiro, abrangendo um conjunto de 19 itens que podem ser explicados usando-se 5 fatores que foram denominados “atrativos”, “atendimento”, “bem-estar”, “low-cost” e “higiene”. Originalidade do documento: Este trabalho é original, pois tem por objetivo apresentar modelo inédito para se aferir a hospitalidade a bordo das aeronaves brasileiras.

Abstract Justified purpose of the topic: Knowledge of how passengers perceive hospitality aboard Brazilian aircraft allows us to know the tangible and intangible factors that customers value and that can influence airline choice. Objective: Within aviation hospitality, the present study aims to investigate hospitality in Brazilian domestic air transportation from passenger viewpoint. Method and approach: The study is of a mixed nature comprising a qualitative stage with literature review and quantitative one, with the development of a data collection instrument and the analysis of 1,163 questionnaires, using SPSS software as an analysis tool. Results: The findings allow us to conclude that passengers perceive hospitality aboard Brazilian domestic air transport aircraft, comprising a set of 19 items that can be explained using 5 factors that were named "attractions", "service", "well-being", "low cost" and "cleanliness". Originality: This work aims to present an original model to measure hospitality aboard Brazilian aircraft.

Resumen Propósito justificado del tema: El conocimiento de la forma en que los pasajeros ven la hospitalidad a bordo de las aeronaves brasileñas permite conocer los factores tangibles e intangibles valorados por los pasajeros y que pueden diferenciar en el momento de la elección de la aerolínea. Objetivo: Dentro del universo de la hospitalidad en la aviación la presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la hospitalidad en el transporte aéreo doméstico brasileño a partir de la visión de los pasajeros. Metodologia y enfoque: El estudio es de naturaleza mixta comprendiendo fase cualitativa con revisión bibliográfica y cuantitativa con el desarrollo de instrumento de recolección de datos y el análisis de 1.163 cuestionarios, habiéndose utilizado como herramienta de análisis el software SPSS. Resultados: Los resultados alcanzados permiten concluir que, en la visión de los pasajeros, la hospitalidad es percibida a bordo de las aeronaves del transporte aéreo doméstico brasileño, abarcando un conjunto de 19 ítems que pueden ser explicados usando 5 factores que fueron denominados "atractivos", "atención", "bienestar", "low-cost" e "higiene". Originalidad del documento: Este trabajo es original, ya que tiene como objetivo presentar un modelo sin precedentes para medir la hospitalidad a bordo de aviones brasileños.

Abstract Background: Recently, a new HF entity, with LVEF between 40-49%, was presented to comprehend and seek better therapy for HF with preserved LVEF (HFpEF) and borderline, in the means that HF with reduced LVEF (HFrEF) already has well-defined therapy in the literature. Objective: To compare the clinical-therapeutic profile of patients with HF with mid-range LVEF (HFmrEF) with HFpEF and HFrEF and to verify predictors of hospital mortality. Method: Historical cohort of patients admitted with decompensated HF at a supplementary hospital in Recife/PE between April/2007 - August/2017, stratified by LVEF (< 40%/40 - 49/≥ 50%), based on the guideline of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) 2016. The groups were compared and Logistic Regression was used to identify predictors of independent risk for in-hospital death. Results: A sample of 493 patients, most with HFrEF (43%), HFpEF (30%) and HFmrEF (26%). Average age of 73 (± 14) years, 59% men. Hospital mortality 14%, readmission within 30 days 19%. In therapeutics, it presented statistical significance among the 3 groups, spironolactone, in HFrEF patients. Hospital death and readmission within 30 days did not make difference. In the HFmrEF group, factors independently associated with death were: valve disease (OR: 4.17, CI: 1.01-9.13), altered urea at admission (OR: 6.18, CI: 1.78-11.45) and beta-blocker hospitalization (OR: 0.29, CI: 0.08-0.97). In HFrEF, predictors were: prior renal disease (OR: 2.84, CI: 1.19-6.79), beta-blocker at admission (OR: 0.29, CI: 0.12-0.72) and ACEI/ ARB (OR: 0.21, CI: 0.09-0.49). In HFpEF, only valve disease (OR: 4.61, CI: 1.33-15.96) and kidney disease (OR: 5.18, CI: 1.68-11.98) were relevant. Conclusion: In general, HFmrEF presented intermediate characteristics between HFrEF and HFpEF. Independent predictors of mortality may support risk stratification and management of this group.

Abstract Background: Recently, a new HF entity, with LVEF between 40-49%, was presented to comprehend and seek better therapy for HF with preserved LVEF (HFpEF) and borderline, in the means that HF with reduced LVEF (HFrEF) already has well-defined therapy in the literature. Objective: To compare the clinical-therapeutic profile of patients with HF with mid-range LVEF (HFmrEF) with HFpEF and HFrEF and to verify predictors of hospital mortality. Method: Historical cohort of patients admitted with decompensated HF at a supplementary hospital in Recife/PE between April/2007 - August/2017, stratified by LVEF (< 40%/40 - 49/≥ 50%), based on the guideline of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) 2016. The groups were compared and Logistic Regression was used to identify predictors of independent risk for in-hospital death. Results: A sample of 493 patients, most with HFrEF (43%), HFpEF (30%) and HFmrEF (26%). Average age of 73 (± 14) years, 59% men. Hospital mortality 14%, readmission within 30 days 19%. In therapeutics, it presented statistical significance among the 3 groups, spironolactone, in HFrEF patients. Hospital death and readmission within 30 days did not make difference. In the HFmrEF group, factors independently associated with death were: valve disease (OR: 4.17, CI: 1.01-9.13), altered urea at admission (OR: 6.18, CI: 1.78-11.45) and beta-blocker hospitalization (OR: 0.29, CI: 0.08-0.97). In HFrEF, predictors were: prior renal disease (OR: 2.84, CI: 1.19-6.79), beta-blocker at admission (OR: 0.29, CI: 0.12-0.72) and ACEI/ ARB (OR: 0.21, CI: 0.09-0.49). In HFpEF, only valve disease (OR: 4.61, CI: 1.33-15.96) and kidney disease (OR: 5.18, CI: 1.68-11.98) were relevant. Conclusion: In general, HFmrEF presented intermediate characteristics between HFrEF and HFpEF. Independent predictors of mortality may support risk stratification and management of this group.

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar as características produtivas e qualitativas de beterraba e chicória em função do manejo da palhada e da época de estabelecimento do consórcio. O experimento foi conduzido no setor de horticultura orgânica da UNIOESTE, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2 x 5 e 2 x 8, com quatro repetições, sendo o primeiro fatorial constituído do manejo da palhada (sem e com incorporação da palhada de mucuna-cinza) e pelas épocas de estabelecimento do consórcio e do monocultivo de beterraba e chicória (0; 7; 14 e 21 dias após o transplante da beterraba). Sendo o segundo fatorial composto para avaliar as características da chicória com o manejo da palhada (com e sem incorporação) e pelo cultivo da mesma consorciada com beterraba e em monocultivo nas mesmas épocas. A chicória interferiu na produtividade da beterraba quando o transplante foi realizado na mesma época. A forma de cultivo da beterraba em consórcio contribuiu positivamente para o melhor aproveitamento da área nos dois sistemas de manejo, influenciando de forma positiva as características agronômicas da cultura, mas sem comprometer a qualidade comercial dos cultivos, sendo agronomicamente viáveis, considerando o índice de UET.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the productivity and quality characteristics of beet and chicory based on management of straw and intercropping period of establishment. The experiment was conducted in the organic horticulture sector of Unioeste, in a design of randomized blocks with four replications, where the treatments were arranged in 2 x 5 and 2 x 8 factorial schemes. The first factorial consisted of the straw mulch management (with and without incorporation of the gray velvet bean straw) and the intercropping period of establishments and beet and chicory monocrops (0; 7; 14 and 21 days after transplanting beet). The second factorial was composed of the straw mulch management (with and without incorporation) and the cultivation of chicory intercropped with beet and in monocrop at the same periods. The chicory interfered in beet's productivity when the transplant occurred at the same period. The beet cultivation in a intercropping contributed positively to the better use of the area in the two management systems, influencing in a positive way the agronomic characteristics of the crop, but without compromising the commercial quality of the crops, that were agronomically viable, considering the UET index.

RESUMOObjetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da altura de pastejo de Brachiaria ruziziensis na produção de palha, estabelecimento e rendimento de grãos da cultura da soja, em sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária, em Latossolo Vermelho distrófico típico, na Fazenda Experimental do Instituto Agronômico do Paraná (IAPAR), em Xambrê-PR. O estudo foi realizado entre setembro de 2010 e abril de 2012. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, em parcelas subdivididas no tempo, com cinco tratamentos e três repetições. Foram determinadas a massa de matéria seca da parte aérea de Brachiaria ruziziensis, massa de matéria seca de resíduo vegetal e massa de matéria seca total (massa da parte aérea de braquiária + massa de resíduo vegetal) e as variáveis relacionadas ao rendimento da cultura da soja (número de plantas por metro, altura das plantas e produtividade de grãos), nos anos agrícolas 2010/2011 e 2011/2012. A produção de palhada é maior em área sem pastejo de Brachiaria ruziziensis em comparação com as suas áreas pastejadas, com destaque também para a elevada produção nas áreas de maiores alturas de pastejo. O número final de plantas, a altura das plantas e a produtividade da cultura da soja não foram afetados pela altura de pastejo de Brachiaria ruziziensis.

ABSTRACTThe aim was to evaluate the effects of grazing height of Brachiaria ruziziensis on the production of straw, and the establishment and grain yield of a soybean crop, under an integrated crop-livestock system, on a typic dystrophic Red Latosol at the Experimental Farm of the Agronomic Institute of Paraná (IAPAR), in Xambrê, in the state of Paraná, Brazil (PR). The study was carried out between September of 2010 and April of 2012. The experimental design was of randomised blocks, in lots split over time, with five treatments and three replications. The following were determined for the Brachiaria ruziziensis: shoot dry matter weight, plant residue dry matter weight, and total dry matter weight (Brachiaria ruziziensis shoot weight + plant residue weight). Also determined were variables related to the yield of the soybean crop (number of plants per metre, plant height and grain productivity), for the crop years 2010/2011 and 2011/2012. Straw production is greater in areas of Brachiaria ruziziensis where there is no grazing compared to areas where grazing occurs; the high production seen in areas with greater grazing heights should also be noted. The final number of plants, plant height and productivity in the soybean were not affected by the grazing height of the Brachiaria ruziziensis.

Objetivou-se avaliar as etapas de produção de feno de capim Tifton 85 adubado com cinco doses de nitrogênio após cada corte sob a forma de ureia em cobertura. A desidratação da primeira colheita ocorreu durante seis dias em galpão, em função das condições climáticas, e a desidratação da segunda colheita ocorreu a campo durante dois dias. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso com parcelas subdivididas no tempo, sendo as parcelas (5m x 3m) as doses de nitrogênio (0; 25; 50; 75 e 100kg ha-1 colheita-1) e as subparcelas as etapas de produção de feno (corte, enfardamento e armazenamento). O nitrogênio aumentou a altura e produção de matéria seca por hectare, os teores de proteína bruta (PB) e de proteína insolúvel em detergente ácido (PIDA) e neutro (PIDN). A secagem em galpão durante seis dias foi insuficiente para que a forragem atingisse 850g kg-1 de MS no momento de enfardar. Entre a etapa de corte e 30 dias de armazenamento, o feno desidratado em galpão aumentou os teores de fibra em detergente neutro, de fibra em detergente de ácido, a PIDA, PIDN e a lignina e ocorreu um decréscimo de 18,9% nos teores de PB. Ocorreu redução da digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca (DIVMS) em 32,72% entre a etapa de corte e 30 dias de armazenamento para o feno seco em galpão, enquanto que não houve alteração significativa na DIVMS e PB para o feno seco em dois dias a campo.

This study aimed to evaluate the stages of production of Tifton 85 hay fertilized with five rates of nitrogen after each cutting in the form of urea in coverage. The dehydration of the first harvest took place for six days in a shed due to weather conditions and the dehydration of the second harvest occurred in the field during two days. The experimental design was a randomized block design with split plot, and the plots (5m x 3m) were the doses of nitrogen (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100kg ha-1 crop-1) and the subplots steps hay production (cutting, baling, and storage). The nitrogen increased the height and dry matter production per hectare, the crude protein (CP) and acid detergent insoluble protein (PIDA) and neutral (NDIP). The drying in a shed for six days was insufficient for the material to reach 850g kg-1 DM at the time of baling. Between the stages of cut and 30 days of storage, the hay dehydrated in shed increased levels of neutral detergent fiber, detergent fiber acid, the PIDA, NDIP and lignin and decreased in 18.9% the CP levels. Ocurred a decrease in in vitro digestibility of dry matter (DM) in 32.72% between the step of cut and 30 days of storage for dry hay in the shed, while there was no significant change in IVDMD and CP for dry hay in two days in the field.

The objective of this study was to estimate the dehydration curve and occurrence of fungi and mycotoxins in Tifton 85 hay. The experimental design was randomized blocks in split plots with four replications and five levels of nitrogen (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 kg ha-1) in the form of urea, two regrowth ages (28 and 35 days) and drying hay in the sun and in shed. After harvesting, the grass was sampled four times (0, 8, 23 and 32 hours) to dry in the sun and twelve times (0, 3, 18, 27, 42, 51, 66, 75, 90, 99, 114 and 123 hours) for drying in shed, turned over daily. The fungi were identified after seeding and growth in three steps of haymaking (cutting, baling and after 30 days of storage). To verify the presence of mycotoxins, 20 samples, composed of hay stored for 30 days, were collected, of which 10 samples were from sun-dried hay and 10 from hay dried in shed. It took 32 hours to produce hay at field conditions, with water loss rates up to 6.10 g g-1 DM-h during the first 8 hours after cutting. The average loss of water in this period was 2.0 g g-1 DM-h. Hays dried in the shed took 123 hours and the dehydration rates were less than 0.5 g g-1 DM-h due to environmental conditions. There was a predominance of three genera of fungi: Fusarium, Penicillium and Aspergillus. The largest population was the Fusarium, followed by Penicillium, at the steps of baling and storage. The fumonisin mycotoxin was found at a higher concentration and there was no difference in fumonisin concentration in the hay dried in the sun and in shed. Although it brings no hazard to animal health, the production of aflatoxin and zearalenone was significantly higher in the samples of sun-dried hay.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of fertilization with zinc or boron on the growth and dry matter production, nutritional value and accumulation of nutrients in white oats. The study comprised two experiments conducted in glasshouses, the first consisting of the application of four doses of zinc (0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mg/dm³) in the form of zinc sulphate (20% Zn), and the second consisting of the application of four doses of boron (0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mg/dm³) in the form of Borax (11% B). The experimental design in each case was a randomized block design, with five replicates. Fertilization with zinc and boron increased the growth of white oats, but had no significant effect on the nutritional value of the forage. Higher levels of absorption and accumulation of nutrients in plant tissues were observed following the application of boron and zinc at rates of up to 0.60 mg/dm³ of soil.

No sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária, o manejo inadequado da aveia pode resultar em baixo rendimento de biomassa. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do manejo de cortes na produção de biomassa, em cinco cultivares de aveia com potencial de uso no sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária. O delineamento adotado foi o de blocos completos casualizados, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. As parcelas foram representadas pelas cultivares de aveia Preta Comum, IAPAR 61, IPR 126, FAPA 2 e FUNDACEP FAPA 43. A cultivar Preta Comum apresenta ciclo curto e as demais ciclo longo. As subparcelas foram representadas pelos seguintes sistemas de corte: corte único no florescimento, um corte na fase vegetativa e outro no florescimento, dois cortes na fase vegetativa e outro no florescimento e três cortes na fase vegetativa e outro no florescimento. As cultivares de ciclo longo (IAPAR 61, IPR 126, FAPA 2 e FUNDACEP FAPA 43) alcançaram alta produção de forragem, sem comprometer a posterior produção de palhada para a cobertura do solo, evidenciando aptidão para utilização no sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária. O manejo com três cortes no estádio vegetativo maximiza a produção de forragem, no entanto, para a produção de palhada, o melhor desempenho das cultivares foi obtido no manejo com até dois cortes na fase vegetativa, ou corte único no florescimento.

In the crop-livestock integration system, improper oat management can result in low biomass yield. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cutting management systems on the biomass yield of five oat cultivars with potential use in the crop-livestock integration system. A completely randomized blocks design with four replications, in a split-plot scheme, was used. The plots were represented by the oat cultivars Preta Comum, IAPAR 61, IPR 126, FAPA 2, and FUNDACEP FAPA 43. The Preta Comum cultivar features a short cycle, while the others have a long one. The sub-plots were represented by the following cutting systems: one single cut in the flowering stage, one cut in the vegetative and other in the flowering stage, two cuts in the vegetative and other in the flowering stage, and three cuts in the vegetative and other in the flowering stage. The long cycle cultivars (IAPAR 61, IPR 126, FAPA 2, and FUNDACEP FAPA 43) reached high forage yield, without affecting the subsequent fodder yield for soil covering, pointing out its ability to be used in crop-livestock systems. The management systems with three cuts in the vegetative stage maximizes the forage yield, however, concerning fodder yield, the best results were obtained by using up to two cuts in the vegetative stage, or a single one in the flowering stage.

White oat and ryegrass were overseeded on Tifton 85 pastures for evaluation of dry matter yield (DMY), leaf:stem ratio (L:S), dehydration curves and nutritional value of forages. Dry matter intake and L:S ratio were analyzed using a completely randomized blocks design with five forage growth conditions (single Tifton 85 and intercropped with white oat or ryegrass, and white oat or ryegrass intercropped with Tifton 85), whereas for drying curves, ten dehydration times were tested (0, 4, 8, 24, 28, 32, 48, 52, 56 and 71 hours after harvest) by a 5 × 10 split-plot arrangement (growth conditions of forages as main plot and dehydration times as sub-plots). The nutritive value data were analyzed in a 3 × 3 split-plot trial with single Tifton 85, Tifton 85 - Oat and Tifton 85-Ryegrass as main plots and the three sampling times (before harvesting, at baling and 100 days after storage) as sub-plots. Oat and ryegrass showed higher L:S ratio, while the intercrops of Tifton 85 - Oat and Tifton 85 - Ryegrass presented lower DMY, but higher crude protein concentration and in vitro DM digestibility than single Tifton. Neutral and acid detergent fiber concentrations were higher for single Tifton 85. Ryegrass and white oat, overseeded on Tifton 85 pasture, improved the nutritional value of the hay produced; however, in a 100-day storage period, there was a reduction in in vitro dry matter digestibility and crude protein concentrations.