Abstract The rice husk, agro-industrial residue, stands out for having silica, the main oxide former of the bioactive glass. To avoid contamination in this biomaterial, substances with bactericidal properties, like silver can be incorporated. Thus, the objective of this work is the synthesis of silver nanoparticles to functionalize a bioactive glass synthesized from rice husk ash (BRHA). The bioglass was prepared by the sol-gel method from the rice husk ash as a silica source. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized from thyme extract with AgNO3 and their formation was verified by UV-vis spectroscopy. The glass powder was added to this solution and its structure was evaluated by SEM-EDS, ATR-FTIR, and microbiology. The bioglass powder appeared in the form of porous agglomerates and the addition of silver altered its superficial roughness by deposition. The chemical bonds of the glass network related to bioactivity were maintained after the incorporation of the nanoparticles. Microbiological analysis by the agar diffusion test confirmed the inhibitory action of the nanoparticles for P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Therefore, the developed material presented great potential for biomedical applications.

Abstract Among the agro-industrial residues, the rice husk has stood out for presenting contents higher than 90% of silica, the main oxide of bioglass. Thus, the objective of this research was to compare the use of two different sources of silica, tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and rice husk ash (RHA), in the sol-gel synthesis of the bioglass of the SiO2-CaO-Na2O system. For the silica extraction, the rice husk was treated with oxalic acid and calcined at 600 °C. This temperature was determined using thermogravimetry and the calcined powder was analyzed by X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, proving the achievement of high-purity amorphous silica. In the production of the bioglass, the solution made with the rice husk showed great synthesis efficiency, and the powder calcined was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. FTIR spectra presented characteristic bands of siloxane (Si-O-Si) bonds, which indicated a vitreous network and provided the formation of silanol groups, fundamentals for the growth of the hydroxyapatite layer. The microstructures of the samples were similar, but the sample made from RHA (BRHA) presented porous agglomerates, while the BTEOS had smaller and well-defined particles. The silica obtained from rice husk showed potential to be used in the sol-gel synthesis of bioglass.

Neste artigo vamos resgatar a sensasional ideia devida a V. Ritus para o cálculo do propagador de Feynman. Faremos uma discussão geral do método e o aplicaremos ao cálculo do propagador de um campo bosônico e fermiônico sujeitos a um campo magnético não quantizado constante e homogêneo.

We reveiw the remarkable idea due V. Ritus for calculating the Feynman propagator. We present a general discussion about the method and apply it for calculating the bosonic as well fermionic propagators in a homogeneous and constant classical magnetic field.

A hidroxiapatita (HAp) é um fosfato de cálcio de fórmula química Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, com relação molar Ca/P 1,67. Este material possui grande importância na tecnologia de biocerâmicas, por ser o constituinte principal da fase mineral de ossos e dentes humanos. Apresenta como algumas de suas aplicações a substituição de tecidos duros danificados, revestimento de próteses ortopédicas e de implantes e reparo de tecidos ósseos. A HAp apresenta resistência mecânica baixa e alta fragilidade o que tornam sua utilização restrita a áreas onde se exige pouco esforço mecânico. Uma das formas de melhorar essas propriedades é associá-la a outros materiais como zircônia, alumina, mulita, titânio e biovidro visando unir as propriedades desejáveis dos dois materiais, bem como pela adição de alguns íons. Este trabalho tem como objetivo descrever as propriedades resultantes da adição de diferentes materiais e íons às propriedades finais da hidroxiapatita. Observou-se que a grande maioria das abordagens de reforço mecânico utilizada atualmente é eficiente na melhoria da resistência à fratura e resistência à flexão e dureza. Verificou-se que apenas o reforço com titânio ainda não tem um efeito claramente elucidado sobre o comportamento mecânico da HAp. A melhora do comportamento mecânico devido à adição do reforço é dependente de fatores como temperatura de sinterização, quantidade de reforço utilizada, ausência de mudanças estruturais indesejáveis, bem como a ausência de outras fases que sejam deletérias às propriedades finais dos materiais produzidos.

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a calcium phosphate of chemical formula Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, with a molar ratio of Ca /P equal to 1.67. This material has a great importance in bioceramics technology, being the main mineral phase constituent in human teeth and bones. It is used as a substitute for damaged hard tissues, coating of orthopedic prostheses and implants and bone tissue repair. However, low mechanical strength and high brittleness makes its use restricted to low mechanic strength areas. One way of improving these properties is to combine HAp with other materials such as zirconia, alumina, mullite, titanium, bioglass and ions in order to join desirable properties of both materials. This review aims to describe the properties resulting from the formation of different ions and materials. It was observed that most of the approaches currently used for mechanical reinforcement are effective in improving fracture toughness and flexural strength and hardness.It was also found that the effect of titanium ions on such the mechanical behavior of HAp composite materials has not been completely elucidated. The improvement of the mechanical behavior due to the addition of reinforcement is dependent on factors such as sintering temperature, amount of reinforcement used, absence of undesirable structural changes, as well as presence of other phases that are deleterious to the ultimate properties of produced materials.

As características, o desempenho e a aplicação de um eletrodo do tipo Pt|Hg|Hg2(FF)2|Grafite, FF=íon flufenamato, são descritas. O eletrodo responde a FF com sensibilidade de (-58,6± 1,2) mV década-1 no intervalo de 1,0 × 10-6 - 1,0 × 10-2 mol L-1, a pH 6,0 - 9,0 e com um limite de detecção de 7,1 × 10-7 mol L-1. O eletrodo é de custo relativamente baixo e facilmente construído, apresenta um rápido tempo de resposta (10-25 s) e pode ser usado por um período de 5 meses sem qualquer variação considerável nas suas características de desempenho. O eletrodo proposto mostrou boa seletividade para o íon flufenamato na presença de várias substâncias, bem como na presença de alguns carboxilatos e ânions inorgânicos. O eletrodo foi aplicado com sucesso na determinação de ácido flufenâmico em medicamentos e amostras de soro humano.

The characteristics, performance, and application of an electrode, namely, Pt|Hg|Hg2(FF)2|Graphite, where FF stands for flufenamate ion, are described. This electrode responds to FF with sensitivity of (-58.6 ± 1.2) mV decade-1 over the range 1.0 × 10-6 - 1.0 × 10-2 mol L-1 at pH 6.0 - 9.0 and a detection limit of 7.1 × 10-7 mol L-1. The electrode is easily constructed at a relatively low cost with fast response time (within 10-25 s) and can be used for a period of 5 months without any considerable change in its performance characteristics. The proposed electrode displayed good selectivity for flufenamate in the presence of several substances as well as in the presence of some carboxylate and inorganic anions. The electrode was successfully applied to the determination of flufenamic acid in pharmaceuticals and human serum samples.