Abstract In this study, we investigated the effects of the Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) in an agrisystem located in the Brazilian Midwest. This PES benefits the owners of rural properties that encompass springs that feed the Abóbora River microbasin which supplies water for consumption in the city of Rio Verde, Goiás. We evaluated the percentage of native vegetation cover around the springs of the watercourses and also estimated its change over time (2005, 2011 and 2017). The vegetation cover of the Areas of Permanent Preservation (APP) increased by 2.24% on average, seven years after the implantation of the PES. There was little difference in the change of vegetation cover maintained over the study years (2005, 2011, and 2017), however, the vegetation cover increased for 17 springs, decreased for 11 springs, and was completely degraded for other two. To improve the performance of this PES, we recommend (1) expanding the program to include the APPs surrounding the springs, together with the legal reserves of each property, (2) implementing measures to ensure that properties are environmentally adequate, (3) including the properties in the Brazilian Rural Environment Register (CAR), and (4) obtaining environmental licensing for the activities undertaken within the Abóbora River basin.

Vinte cordeiros 11/16 Texel x 5/16 Ile de France foram abatidos em diferentes pesos com o objetivo de avaliar o crescimento dos componentes não-integrantes da carcaça. Os animais foram desmamados aos 42 dias de idade (15,9 ± 2,1 kg de peso corporal) e confinados em baias individuais, recebendo alimentação à vontade. Após um período de 10 dias de adaptação às condições experimentais, 5 cordeiros foram abatidos e os remanescentes foram aleatoriamente sorteados para serem abatidos aos 25, 30 ou 35 kg de peso corporal em jejum. Ao abate, cada componente corporal foi pesado individualmente, e seus valores expressos em percentual do peso de corpo vazio (PCV). Para determinação do crescimento alométrico de cada componente, foi utilizada a equação exponencial Y = aXb, transformada logaritmicamente em um modelo linear. As proporções de patas e cabeça decresceram, e a de lã aumentou linearmente de acordo com o peso de abate. Observou-se acentuado acúmulo de gordura interna (renal e mesentérica) no corpo dos animais abatidos em pesos mais elevados. A taxa de crescimento do intestino delgado foi menor que a do corpo vazio (b = 0,39) o que reduziu a proporção desse órgão com o avanço da maturidade. O crescimento do fígado e do intestino grosso foi isogônico, ou seja, equivalente ao do corpo vazio (b = 0,90 e 1,08, respectivamente), enquanto o rúmen foi heterogônico e tardio (b = 1,37). Menores proporções de rumen foram observadas apenas para os animais abatidos logo após o desmame (1,58%). Tendo em vista que pesos de abate mais elevados resultam em maior acúmulo de nutrientes em regiões do corpo não-destinadas ao consumo humano, recomenda-se que o abate de cordeiros 11/16 Texel x 5/16 Ile de France seja realizado com, no máximo, 30 kg de peso vivo.

Twenty 11/16 Texel x 5/16 Ile de France crossbred lambs were slaughtered at different body weights to evaluate the growth of their non-carcass components. Animals were weaned at 42 days of age (15.9 ± 2.1 kg of body weight), housed in individual stalls, and fed ad libitum. After ten days of an experimental adaptation period, 5 lambs were slaughtered. The remaining lambs were randomly assigned to one of three following slaughter weights: 25, 30 or 35 kg of body weight at fast. At slaughter, all body components were individually weighed and expressed as percentage of the empty body weight. To determine allometric growth of individual components, the exponential equation Y = aXb was logarithmically transformed and used. Proportions of feet and head decreased, while wool proportion increased linearly as slaughter weight increased. Greater fat deposition in viscera (kidney and mesenteric fat) was observed for lambs slaughtered at more elevated body weights. Growth rate of small intestine was lower than that of the empty body (b = 0.39), and it decreased linearly as a proportion of empty body weight with advancing maturity. Growth rates of both liver and large intestine were isogonics (b = 0.90 and 1.08, respectively), i.e., similar to the empty body weight. On the other hand, rumen presented late growth (b = 1.37), and its proportion was lower only for the lambs slaughtered at weaning (1.58% of EBW). Once increased slaughter weights result in higher deposition of nutrients on body parts that are not intended to consumption, maximum slaughter weight of 11/16 Texel x 5/16 Ile de France crossbred lambs is recommended to be at 30 kg of body weight.

Foi avaliado o crescimento alométrico de ossos, músculos e gordura, e das regiões da carcaça de cordeiros Texel × Ile de France, terminados em confinamento. Vinte cordeiros, machos não-castrados, foram desmamados aos 42 dias de idade (15,9 ± 2,1kg de peso vivo) e confinados em baias individuais recebendo alimentação ad libitum. Destes, cinco foram abatidos 10 dias após o desmame e, os remanescentes, aos 25, 30 ou 35kg de peso vivo. Para determinação do crescimento alométrico dos cortes e tecidos foi utilizada a equação exponencial Y = aXb, transformada logaritmicamente em um modelo linear. Observou-se crescimento precoce (b = 0,89) da paleta, ao passo que a perna, a costela e o pescoço apresentaram crescimento isogônico (b = 1,00, 1,03 e 1,11, respectivamente), ou seja, equivalente ao da carcaça. O aumento do peso da carcaça implicou em redução da taxa de crescimento de ossos e músculos (b = 0,60 e 0,92, respectivamente) e aumento da taxa de crescimento da gordura (b = 1,78). O crescimento muscular foi diferenciado nas distintas regiões da carcaça, sendo isogônico na paleta (b = 0,98) e na perna (b = 0,99) e precoce na costela (b = 0,90) e no pescoço (b = 0,79). Recomenda-se que o abate de cordeiros Texel × Ile de France seja realizado com, no máximo, 30kg de peso vivo.

Allometric growth of bone, muscle and fat, as well as of the carcass cuts of feedlot Texel × Ile de France crossbred lambs was evaluated. Twenty non-castrated male lambs weaned at 42 days of age (15.9 ± 2.1kg live weight) were housed in individual stalls and fed ad libitum. Five lambs were slaughtered ten days after weaning, and the remaining were randomly assigned to one of three slaughter weights: 25, 30 and 35kg live weight. To determine allometric growth of individual cuts and tissues, exponential equation Y = aXb was logarithmically transformed and used. Shoulder presented early maturity (b = 0.89), whereas allometric growth of leg, rib and neck were isogonics (b = 1.00, 1.03 e 1.11, respectively), i.e., similar to the carcass. Increased carcass weight resulted in decreased rate of bone and muscle growth (b = 0.60 and 0.92, respectively), and increased rate of fat growth (b = 1.78). Muscle growth was different among carcass cuts, being isogonics in shoulder (b = 0.98) and leg (b = 0.99), and early in rib (b = 0.90) and neck (b = 0.79). Maximum slaughter weight of Texel × Ile de France crossbred lambs is recommended to be 30kg live weight.

Foram avaliadas as características da carcaça de cordeiros Texel x Ile de France abatidos após o desmame (52 dias de idade) ou aos 25, 30 e 35kg de peso vivo. Utilizaram-se 20 cordeiros, confinados em baias individuais (1,5m²) e alimentados ad libitum com dieta composta por silagem de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) e mistura concentrada (grão de milho triturado, farelo de soja, calcário calcítico e sal comum). O rendimento de carcaça comercial relacionou-se quadraticamente ao peso de abate, sendo máximo para os animais abatidos após o desmame. O rendimento de carcaça real elevou-se linearmente. Foi observado decréscimo linear da proporção de paleta à medida que se elevou o peso de abate, ao passo que as proporções de perna, costela e pescoço permaneceram constantes. A proporção total de gordura da carcaça foi positivamente correlacionada ao peso de abate. Recomenda-se que o abate de cordeiros Texel x Ile de France confinados seja realizado aos 28kg de peso vivo.

Carcass traits of twenty Texel x Ile de France crossbred lambs slaughtered after weaning (52 days of age), or at 25, 30 and 35kg live weight were evaluated. Lambs were placed in individual stalls (1.5m²) and fed ad libitum with a diet composed of sorghum silage (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and a concentrate mix (ground corn, soybean meal, calcium carbonate and salt). Commercial dressing percentage was related quadratically with slaughter weight, being highest in lambs slaughtered after weaning. Real dressing percentage increased linearly. Shoulder proportion decreased with slaughter weight, whereas leg, rib and neck proportions remained constant. Carcass fat was positively correlated to the slaughter weight. Slaughter of feedlot Texel x Ile de France crossbred lambs can be recommended at 28kg live weight.