The present study characterizes the oogenesis and the ovarian maturation scale, and determines the reproductive period, type of spawning, recruitment period, and population variations in the reproductive process of the flatfish Achirus lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758). Specimens were sampled on a monthly basis in the shallow near shore area of the Paranaguá Bay, state of Paraná, Brazil, from March 2006 to February 2007. The specimens collected were measured for morphometric data (total length and total weight) and their gonads were exposed for macroscopic evaluation. The gonads were subsequently removed, weighed and processed for microscopic analyses. Six phases of the ovarian follicle development were defined, as well as five ovarian development stages. Growth patterns differed between the sexes: negative allometry for females and positive allometry for males. Based on the seasonal assessments of the distribution of individual GSI values, the distribution of stages of gonadal development, individual body size, sex ratio, the ratio of juveniles to adults, and histological examination of the ovaries, reproduction was found to occur in the spring (spawning in batches), and recruitment in the autumn. These results show that A. lineatus is an estuarine-resident species that uses the study area for reproduction and recruitment, providing an argument in favor of the need to conserve the estuarine environment in order to preserve stocks.

A estrutura populacional e aspectos reprodutivos de Atherinella brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) foram analisados mensalmente de maio de 2000 a abril de 2001, em oito pontos de ambientes rasos do eixo norte-sul do complexo estuarino de Paranaguá. As análises ambientais das variáveis pH, oxigênio dissolvido, transparência e salinidade da água sugerem a existência de um gradiente ambiental crescente no sentido norte-sul do estuário. A temperatura da água evidenciou a variação temporal no sistema estudado, mostrando-se intimamente relacionado com o processo reprodutivo. O pico de atividade reprodutiva foi determinado para fêmeas e machos, respectivamente, nos meses de outubro e setembro, período em que se verificou a proporção de duas fêmeas para um macho. O predomínio de indivíduos jovens no estuário ocorreu no final da primavera e durante o verão, após o período reprodutivo. As análises sazonais de comprimento e de massa corporal sugerem a existência de um padrão cíclico de crescimento ao longo do ano, o qual reflete o período reprodutivo e o recrutamento. Assim, conclui-se que A. brasiliensis é uma espécie estuarina residente, mostrando-se amplamente distribuída nas áreas rasas estuarinas, podendo ser considerada chave em avaliações de impacto ambiental e/ou em ações de planos de manejo e conservação em ambientes estuarinos.

The population structure and reproductive aspects of Atherinella brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) had been analyzed monthly from May 2000 to April 2001 in eight points of shallow areas of the estuarine complex Paranaguá. The environment analyzes of the parameters pH, dissolved oxygen, transparency and salinity of the water suggest the existence of an increasing environment gradient in the direction North-South highway of the estuary. The temperature of the water evidenced the seasonal variation in the studied system, revealing related with the reproductive process. The peak of reproductive activity was determined for females and male, respectively, in the months of October and September, period where if it verified the ratio of two females for a male. The predominance of young individuals in the estuary occurred in the end of the spring and during the summer, after the reproductive period. The seasonal analyses of length and mass suggest the existence of a cyclical standard of growth to the long of the year, which reflects the reproductive period and the entrance of young individuals in the environment. Thus, it is concluded that A. brasiliensis is a resident estuarine species, revealing widely distributed in the estuarine shallow areas, being able to be considered key in evaluations of environmental impact and/or action of handling plans and conservation in estuarine environments.