Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although respiratory manifestations have received greater visibility during the pandemic caused by this virus, numerous neurological complaints related to coronavirus 2 infection have been documented in several countries. These records suggest that this pathogen presents neurotropism, and it can cause different neurological conditions of varying intensity. Objective To investigate the ability of coronavirus 2 to invade the central nervous system (CNS) and its neurological clinical outcomes. Methods The present study consists in a comprehensive literature review of the records available in the PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar databases. The descriptors COVID-19, brain and physiopathology, associated with the Boolean operator AND, were used in the search. Regarding the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we selected the papers published since 2020 with the highest number of citations. Results We selected 41 articles, most of them in English. The main clinical manifestation associated with COVID-19 patients was headache, but cases of anosmia, hyposmia, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and encephalopathies were also described with considerable frequency. Conclusion Coronavirus-2 presents neurotropism, and it can reach the CNS by hematogenous dissemination and by direct infection of the nerve endings. It causes brain injuries through several mechanisms, such as cytokine storm, microglial activation, and an increase in thrombotic factors.

Resumo Antecedentes A doença do coronavírus 2019 (coronavirus disease 2019, Covid-19, em inglês) é uma infecção viral provocada pelo coronavírus 2 da síndrome respiratória aguda grave (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2, em inglês). Embora as manifestações respiratórias tenham recebido maior visibilidade ao longo da pandemia provocada por esse vírus, inúmeras queixas neurológicas relacionadas à infecção pelo coronavírus 2 foram documentadas em diversos países. Tais registros sugerem que esse patógeno apresenta neurotropismo, e é capaz de provocar quadros neurológicos diversos e de intensidade variáveis. Objetivo Investigar a capacidade de invasão do sistema nervoso central (SNC) pelo coronavírus 2 e seus principais desfechos clínicos neurológicos. Métodos O presente estudo consiste em uma ampla revisão de literatura a partir dos registros das bases de dados PubMed, SciELO e Google Acadêmico. Nesse contexto, os descritores COVID-19, cérebro e fisiopatologia, associados com o operador booleano AND, foram utilizados na busca. Quanto aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, selecionou-se os trabalhos publicados a partir de 2020 com o maior número de citações. Resultados Foram selecionados 41 artigos, a maioria na língua inglesa. A principal manifestação clínica associada a pacientes acometidos pela COVID-19 foi a cefaleia, mas casos de anosmia, hiposmia, síndrome de Guillain-Barré e encefalopatias também foram descritos com frequência considerável. Conclusão O coronavírus 2 apresenta neurotropismo, e é capaz de alcançar o SNC por disseminação hematogênica e por infecção direta das terminações nervosas. Ele provoca injúria cerebral por meio de variados mecanismos, como tempestade de citocinas, ativação da micróglia e aumento dos fatores trombóticos.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different die materials used in the indirect resin composite restorative technique on the fracture resistance and failure mode of restored molars and compare it with the direct resin composite restorative technique. Two flexible die silicone materials for dental models (Die Silicone – Voco and Scan die – Yller) and a type IV dental stone material (Fujirock EP – GC) were evaluated. Sixty third molars were selected and divided into four groups: indirect resin composite restoration – Die silicone (IRCR-DS); indirect resin composite restoration – Scan die (IRCR-SD); indirect resin composite restoration – Fujirock EP (IRCR-FR), and direct resin composite restoration (DRCR). Class II MOD cavities were prepared with 5 mm of buccolingual width and depth. The specimens were restored and subjected to an axial compression load until fracture, and the data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test (α=.05). The fracture mode was classified into restorable and unrestorable fractures. Fracture resistance values were influenced by the die material used for the IRCR fabrication and by the restorative technique (p<.001). Fracture resistance mean values and standard deviation were: IRCR-DS: 1835.5 ± 324.0 A; IRCR-SD: 1732.5 ± 384.1 AB; IRCR-FR: 1419.3 ± 318.8 BC; and DRCR: 1100.6 ± 224.9 C. Restorable fracture was more prevalent. IRCR with flexible die casts promoted higher fracture resistance and lower prevalence of unrestorable fractures.

Abstract Using natural fibers in composites presents a wide range of applications, from furniture to airplanes. In polymeric composite, the use of fiber is to boost strength and stiffness. However, this material presents low mechanical properties compared to virgin polymers due to hydrophilic nature of the fiber and hydrophobic nature of the polymer. It can result in weak bonding matrix/fiber which may cause incompatibility problem in bonding fibers with most of the polymer matrices. To achieve compatibility between surfaces there is a need to modify them, and one alternative is using coupling agents. Maleated coupling agents stand out as option, but their source is petroleum-derived polyolefin. Researchers have been seeking for more environmentally friendly alternatives to replace these materials. Therefore, this work aims to bring a comprehensive review of the mechanical behavior of maleated and ecological coupling agents. Based on the literature, resistance, flexural, and tensile strength were properties discussed. applications airplanes composite stiffness However matrixfiber matrix matrices them option petroleumderived petroleum derived polyolefin materials Therefore literature resistance flexural discussed

Abstract This article presents a numerical model and analyses of the dynamic response of structures supported by groups of piles. The model uses a finite element discretization to represent arbitrarily-shaped structures, and a coupled finite-boundary element scheme to represent the embedded pile group. This scheme properly takes into account the energy transferred from the structure to the piles and between piles through the soil, so that the effect of dynamic pile-soil-pile interaction in the response of the structure can be studied. The model is used to analyze the dynamic response of a wind turbine tower and foundation blocks of various designs. The results show that some common design approximations may result in considerable misrepresentation of the response of these structures. The model is also used to analyze cases in which the only source of excitation to a structure comes through the soil from neighboring structures. The results showed that the farther the structure is from the source of vibration, the lower its amplitude of vibration and that the taller the structure, the lower its resonant frequencies. These analyses are only possible with models like the one presented in this article, which are able to describe the energy exchanged through the soil by the piles in a group. arbitrarilyshaped arbitrarily shaped finiteboundary boundary group pilesoilpile studied designs frequencies

Abstract Background Our aim was to compare the efficacy of rituximab, tocilizumab, and abatacept in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) refractory to treatments with MTX or TNFi agents. Methods We searched 6 databases until January 2023 for phase 2–4 RCTs evaluating patients with RA refractory to MTX or TNFi therapy treated with rituximab, abatacept, and tocilizumab (intervention arm) compared to controls. Study data were independently assessed by two investigators. The primary outcome was considered as achieving ACR70 response. Results The meta-analysis included 19 RCTs, with 7,835 patients and a mean study duration of 1.2 years. Hazard ratios for achieving an ACR70 response at six months were not different among the bDMARDs, however, we found high heterogeneity. Three factors showing a critical imbalance among the bDMARD classes were identified: baseline HAQ score, study duration, and frequency of TNFi treatment in control arm. Multivariate meta-regression adjusted to these three factors were conducted for the relative risk (RR) for ACR70. Thus, heterogeneity was attenuated (I2 = 24%) and the explanatory power of the model increased (R2 = 85%). In this model, rituximab did not modify the chance of achieving an ACR70 response compared to abatacept (RR = 1.773, 95%CI 0.113–10.21, p = 0.765). In contrast, abatacept was associated with RR = 2.217 (95%CI 1.554–3.161, p < 0.001) for ACR70 compared to tocilizumab. Conclusion We found high heterogeneity among studies comparing rituximab, abatacept, and tocilizumab. On multivariate metaregressions, if the conditions of the RCTs were similar, we estimate that abatacept could increase the chance of reaching an ACR70 response by 2.2-fold compared to tocilizumab. Key messages Abatacept could increase the chance of reaching an ACR70 response by 2.2-fold compared to tocilizumab.

Abstract Although widely used in medicine, separation technology, and other fields, the effects of cyclodextrins on the activities of phosphoryl transfer enzymes have not been previously evaluated. In vivo studies evaluated the function of cyclodextrins as active compounds. Despite the use of cyclodextrins as active compounds, the effects of cyclodextrins on hepatic and renal tissues remain to be fully elucidated. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of β- cyclodextrins, methyl-β-cyclodextrin (M-β- cyclodextrins), and (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-cyclodextrins) on enzyme activities regulating the maintenance of energy homeostasis in the kidney and liver tissues in relation to toxicity. Serum levels of liver and kidney markers were measured, and oxidative stress parameters were assessed. After 60-day treatments, we observed that the administration of β-cyclodextrins and M-β-cyclodextrins inhibited the hepatic activity of pyruvate kinase, an irreversible enzyme within the glycolytic pathway. Additionally, administration of HP-β-cyclodextrins inhibited creatine kinase activity and increased the total sulfhydryl content in kidneys. Here, we demonstrated for the first time that β-cyclodextrins, M-β-cyclodextrins, and HP-β-cyclodextrins cause bioenergetic dysfunction in renal and hepatic tissues. These findings suggest that understanding the balance between cyclodextrins’ efficacy and adverse effects is essential for better accepting their use in medicine.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to investigate transfer verbs of Brazilian Portuguese such as premiar (‘reward’) and patrocinar (‘sponsor’). Twenty-nine verbs were analyzed from a Syntax-Lexical Semantics Interface approach. The analysis showed that they share some grammatically relevant properties. Semantically, they denote events of transfer, in which the transferred object/the theme is lexicalized in the root, entailing a means. Syntactically, they select two arguments and they accept the insertion of a PP (which specify the theme). Also, the means of the transfer can occur either in the subject position or as an adjunct. Based on these properties, the existence of a transfer verb class of locatum type was proposed, and an argument structure representation in terms of thematic roles and predicate decomposition was indicated. Interestingly, regarding their telicity, they seem to split into two different aspectual classes. However, it was shown that all verbs of this class are classified as accomplishments, as they lexically entail a change and denote events composed of two distinct subevents incrementally related.

RESUMO Esta pesquisa objetivou investigar verbos de transferência do português brasileiro do tipo premiar/patrocinar. Partindo de uma abordagem teórico-metodológica de Interface Sintaxe-Semântica Lexical, analisamos 29 verbos e verificamos que estes compartilham propriedades sintático-semânticas gramaticalmente relevantes, a saber: semanticamente, denotam eventos de transferência, o objeto transferido/tema é lexicalizado na raiz e acarretam um meio; sintaticamente, selecionam dois argumentos, apresentam a possibilidade de inserção de um SP especificador do tema e licenciam o meio da transferência na posição de sujeito e em adjunção. Com base nessas propriedades, propomos a existência de uma classe de verbos de transferência do tipo locatum e indicamos a representação de sua estrutura argumental em papéis temáticos e em decomposição de predicados. Além disso, apontamos um fenômeno interessante que ocorre com esses verbos em relação à sua telicidade e que parece dividi-los em duas classes aspectuais distintas. Entretanto, mostramos que todos os verbos da classe podem ser classificados como accomplishments, já que acarretam lexicalmente uma mudança e denotam eventos formados por dois subeventos distintos e incrementalmente relacionados.

Abstract This work aimed to obtain and analyze composite materials made from green polyethylene and calcium carbonate extracted from chicken eggshells. The shells were collected and prepared for later extraction of calcium carbonate. With the X-ray diffraction analysis it was possible to confirm that both the in natura reinforcement and the calcined one, have the same polymorph mineral (calcite). With regard to thermal behavior, compounds with in natura reinforcement showed greater mass loss due to the moisture contained in them. The results showed a significant increase in Young’s moduli of the composites compared to the pure polymer. The scanning electron microscopy showed good dispersion and adhesion between the reinforcement materials and matrix. In view of the results, eggshells have the potential to be used as fillers, where greater rigidity is required. Since these materials come from a waste material, with low cost, their use becomes even more viable.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify dietary patterns in an adult population and to verify the factors associated with them. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional population-based household study with 1,574 individuals aged >20 years, of both sexes, living in Teresina and Picos, Piauí, Brazil. Sociodemographic, lifestyle and food consumption data were collected. Dietary patterns were obtained using principal component analysis. Results: There was a positive and significant association with the healthy eating pattern in women, elderly people, individuals with secondary and higher education and smokers. The white-meat pattern was positively associated with people without a partner and non-white skin, as well as with women, elderly people and smokers, and inversely with individuals with longer screen time and individuals with high school and college education. The unhealthy pattern was positively associated with individuals with excessive screen time and individuals with secondary and higher education, and inversely associated with individuals who were insufficiently active. Conclusion: Women, the elderly, individuals with a partner, non-smokers and active people have a healthier diet. However, men, smokers, with longer screen time and insufficiently active had a more inadequate diet, while the level of education showed contrasting results.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar patrones dietéticos en una población de adultos y adultos mayoresy verificar los factores asociados a ellos. Métodos: Estudio transversal poblacional y domiciliario realizado en 1574 personas mayores de 20 años, de ambos sexos, residentes en Teresina y Picos, Piauí, Brasil. Se recogieron datos sociodemográficos, de estilo de vida y de consumo de alimentos. Los patrones dietéticos se obtuvieron mediante análisis de componentes principales. Resultados: Hubo asociación positiva y significativa con el patrón de alimentación saludable en mujeres, adultos mayores, individuos con educación secundaria y superior y fumadores. El patrón de carnes blancas se asoció positivamente con personas sin pareja y piel no blanca, así como con mujeres, personas mayores y fumadores, e inversamente con personas con mayor tiempo de pantalla y personas con educación secundaria y universitaria. El patrón insalubre se asoció positivamente con individuos con tiempo de pantalla excesivo y con individuos con educación secundaria y superior, y se asoció inversamente con individuos que eran insuficientemente activos. Conclusión: Las mujeres, los adultos mayores, las personas en pareja, los no fumadores y las personas activas tienen una dieta más saludable. Sin embargo, los hombres, fumadores, con mayor tiempo de pantalla e insuficientemente activos tenían una dieta más inadecuada, mientras que el nivel de educación mostró resultados contrastantes.

RESUMO A cognição social é um domínio especialmente relevante na esquizofrenia devido à sua associação com o comprometimento funcional. No entanto, ainda não temos estudos que validaram instrumentos com qualidades psicométricas internacionalmente estabelecidas para a população brasileira. Objetivos: Apresentar as qualidades psicométricas e contribuir para a validação da versão brasileira do Hinting Task e do Teste de Reconhecimento de Emoções Faciais (FERT-100). Métodos: Foram avaliados 104 pacientes estabilizados residentes na comunidade com diagnóstico de esquizofrenia e 89 controles. Avaliou-se as propriedades psicométricas do Hinting Task e FERT-100 para validade de construto discriminante, validade de construto divergente, validade de construto convergente, validade de critério concorrente e confiabilidade. Resultados: Houve uma diferença estatisticamente significativa entre pacientes e controles quanto à cognição social (Hinting Task: Z=6,85; p<0,001. FERT-100: t=4,88; p<0,001). Os principais preditores da variação na cognição social foram os domínios neurocognitivos. As associações entre os testes de cognição social e outras variáveis estudadas são semelhantes às encontradas na literatura. A cognição social mantém correlação com a capacidade funcional mesmo quando a neurocognição é levada em consideração. Conclusões: A validade da versão brasileira do Hinting Task e do FERT-100 pode ser determinada, pois a relação desses testes com outras variáveis clínicas é semelhante à observada na literatura.

ABSTRACT Social cognition is an especially relevant domain in schizophrenia due to its association with functional impairment. However, we still do not have studies that have validated instruments with internationally established psychometric qualities for the Brazilian population. Objectives: This study aimed to present psychometric qualities and contribute to the validation of the Brazilian version of the Hinting Task and Facial Emotion Recognition Test (FERT-100). Methods: A total of 104 stabilized patients living in the community diagnosed with schizophrenia and 89 controls were evaluated. We assess the psychometric properties of Hinting Task and FERT-100 for discriminant construct validity, divergent construct validity, convergent construct validity, concurrent criterion validity, and reliability. Results: There is a statistically significant difference between patients and controls regarding social cognition (Hinting Task: Z=6.85, p<0.001; FERT-100: t=4.88, p<0.001). The main predictors of variation in social cognition were the neurocognitive domains. The associations between social cognition tests and other studied variables are similar to what is found in the literature. Social cognition maintains correlation with functional capacity even when neurocognition is taken into account. Conclusions: The validity of the Brazilian version of Hinting Task and FERT-100 can be determined, since the relationship of these tests with other clinical variables is similar to that observed in the literature.

Resumo Introdução: O presente estudo de revisão sistemática procurou compilar informações disponibilizadas na literatura quanto aos estudos da psicologia do esporte em jogadores de futsal e futebol, com a finalidade de identificar quais construtos psicológicos estão sendo estudados nesse público e por quais instrumentos e técnicas de análise. Método: A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados APA (PsycINFO), EBSCO (SportDiscus), PubMed, Web of Science, Scielo, Science Direct, Scopus, BVS e EMBASE, com os seguintes descritores: construto psicológico; fator psicológico; variável psicológica; fenômeno psicológico; futebol; futsal e atleta, nos idiomas inglês, espanhol e português. Resultados: Foram selecionados 66 estudos por meio dos critérios de elegibilidade estabelecidos. Destes, 46 estudos foram conduzidos com jogadores de futebol, 19 com jogadores de futsal e um com atletas de ambas as modalidades. Os construtos psicológicos mais estudados na modalidade de futebol foram ansiedade, estresse, motivação, coping, clima motivacional, depressão, autoeficácia e coesão grupal. Os construtos psicológicos mais estudados na modalidade de futsal foram coesão de grupo, perfeccionismo, motivação, satisfação do atleta, estilo de liderança, estilos parentais percebidos e burnout. Conclusão: A coesão grupal foi associada a diversos outros aspectos psicológicos de natureza individual, sendo a coesão o construto de maior interesse dos pesquisadores de ambas as modalidades, possivelmente, por serem modalidades coletivas. Pode-se identificar que fatores psicológicos importantes não foram estudados nas modalidades de futebol e futsal, em especial junto a atletas do sexo feminino. Recomenda-se, assim, que pesquisas realizadas com atletas do sexo masculino sejam também conduzidas com a população feminina.

Abstract Introduction: The present systematic review aimed to compile the information available in the literature having to do with sport psychology regarding futsal and soccer players, in order to identify which psychological constructs are being investigated in these athletes and by means of which instruments and analysis techniques. Method: The search was carried out in the APA (PsycINFO), EBSCO (SportDiscus), PubMed, Web of Science, Scielo, Science Direct, Scopus, BVS and EMBASE databases, with the following descriptors: psychological construct; psychological factor; psychological variable; psychological phenomenon; soccer; futsal and athlete, in English, Spanish and Portuguese. Results: Initially, 66 studies met the established eligibility criteria. Of these, 46 studies were conducted with soccer players, 19 with futsal players and one with athletes who participate in both sports. The psychological constructs most studied in the soccer modality were anxiety, stress, motivation, coping, motivational climate, depression, self-efficacy and group cohesion. With regard to the futsal modality, the most studied psychological constructs were group cohesion, perfectionism, motivation, athlete satisfaction, leadership style, perceived parenting styles and burnout. Conclusions: Group cohesion was associated with several other psychological aspects of an individual nature, with cohesion being the construct of both modalities which is of the greatest interest to researchers possibly because it is a collective modality. It can be established that important psychological factors have not been studied in soccer and futsal modalities, especially among female athletes. Therefore, it is recommended that the research carried out with male athletes be extended to include female populations.

Resumo A segurança alimentar e nutricional (SAN), os marcos legais para a garantia e exigibilidade do direito humano à alimentação adequada (DHAA) e a construção de um sistema que monitore e avalie os avanços e retrocessos nesses processos são provenientes dos esforços coletivos impulsionados por movimentos sociais, sociedade civil organizada e alguns segmentos governamentais. Este artigo analisa documentos oficiais produzidos nacionalmente e publicados entre 2003 e 2019 na perspectiva de monitoramento e avaliação (M&A), com a realização de análise documental e contextualização fundamentada nas dimensões do Decreto nº 7.272/2010. Como resultado, destaca-se a importância do Conselho Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional, da Câmara Interministerial de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional e das Conferências Nacionais de SAN na construção de mecanismos de M&A. Os desafios destacados nesse processo se relacionam com as articulações intersetoriais e a descentralização das ações, que tendem a se fragilizar, dependendo dos contextos políticos.

Abstract Food and Nutrition Security, the legal frameworks to guarantee and enforce the Human Right to Adequate Food and construction of a system to monitor and evaluate progress and setbacks in these processes are the outcome of collective efforts led by social movements, organized civil society and some areas of government. This article examines official Brazilian documents regarding such monitoring and evaluation published from 2003 to 2019. The documentary analysis and contextualization were framed by the dimensions specified in Decree No. 7272/2010. The analysis highlighted the importance of the National Food and Nutrition Security Council (CONSEA), the Interministerial Food and Nutrition Security Chamber (CAISAN) and the Brazilian Food and Nutrition Security Conferences in the construction of monitoring and evaluation mechanisms. The challenges identified in this process stem from inter-sector relations and decentralization of actions, which tend to be weakened in certain political contexts.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Elaborar recomendaciones para el fortalecimiento de la alimentación y la nutrición en la atención primaria de salud (APS) en Brasil a partir del consenso de especialistas. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y exploratorio con la técnica de Delfos. En total, 172 especialistas en alimentación y nutrición del sistema de APS recibieron una invitación para participar, 116 la aceptaron y 72 intervinieron en la primera ronda. En la segunda ronda hubo 56 participantes de las cinco macrorregiones brasileñas, entre gestores, profesionales de salud, representantes de la sociedad civil e investigadores. Las recomendaciones se formularon mediante un análisis temático de las respuestas a preguntas abiertas sobre obstáculos, estrategias, medidas e iniciativas referentes a cinco aspectos técnicos de la política nacional de alimentación y nutrición (vigilancia alimentaria y nutricional, atención y coordinación del cuidado nutricional, promoción de la salud, intersectorialidad y gestión de las medidas relativas a alimentación y nutrición). En la segunda ronda, los especialistas clasificaron cada punto propuesto según su pertinencia y relevancia para efecto de las recomendaciones. Resultados. Los especialistas formularon 35 recomendaciones, organizadas en seis categorías: estructura; agenda de alimentación y nutrición en la APS; organización en red y organización de la APS; procesos de trabajo relativos a la alimentación y nutrición en la APS; planificación, monitoreo y evaluación de las medidas relativas a la alimentación y nutrición en la APS; y sistema de información. Las categorías se dividieron en dos grupos: medidas estructurantes de la APS para el fortalecimiento de la alimentación y la nutrición y medidas estructurantes de alimentación y nutrición para el fortalecimiento de la APS. Conclusiones. Las recomendaciones provinieron de personas expertas que siguen la trayectoria tanto de la alimentación y la nutrición como de la APS desde diferentes puntos de vista, útiles para la gestión y la propuesta de políticas públicas destinadas a fortalecer la alimentación y la nutrición en la APS de Brasil.

ABSTRACT Objective. To develop recommendations to strengthen nutritional care in the primary health care (PHC) setting in Brazil based on expert consensus. Method. A descriptive and exploratory study was performed using the Delphi technique. Of 172 invited PHC experts in nutrition, 116 accepted the invitation and 72 participated in the first Delphi round. The second round had 56 participants from the five Brazilian regions, including managers, healthcare professionals, representatives from civil society organizations, and researchers. The recommendations were developed based on thematic analysis of the responses to open-ended questions about barriers, strategies, actions, and initiatives from five components of the National Food and Nutrition Policy (food and nutrition surveillance, coordination of nutritional care, health promotion, intersectoral focus, and management of food and nutrition actions). In the second round, experts classified each proposed item regarding its pertinence and relevance for the purpose of recommendation. Results. A consensus was reached on 35 recommendations distributed in six categories: structure; PHC nutritional agenda; organization of the healthcare network and PHC; nutritional work processes in PHC; planning, monitoring and evaluation of nutritional actions in PHC; and information systems. These categories were further classified into two blocks: “PHC structuring actions to strengthen nutrition” and “nutrition structuring actions to strengthen PHC.” Conclusions. The recommendations were developed by experienced participants who are familiar with both nutritional and PHC pathways from diverse perspectives, and will be useful for the management and proposition of public policies to strengthen nutritional care in the PHC setting in Brazil.

RESUMO Objetivo. Elaborar recomendações para o fortalecimento da alimentação e nutrição (A&N) na atenção primária à saúde (APS) brasileira a partir de um consenso de especialistas. Métodos. Realizou-se estudo descritivo e exploratório utilizando a técnica Delphi. De 172 especialistas em A&N na APS convidados a participar, 116 aceitaram o convite e 72 participaram da primeira rodada. A segunda rodada teve 56 participantes das cinco macrorregiões brasileiras, entre gestores, profissionais de saúde, representantes da sociedade civil e pesquisadores. As recomendações foram construídas por análise temática das respostas a perguntas abertas sobre obstáculos, estratégias, ações e iniciativas de cinco componentes técnicos da Política Nacional de Alimentação e Nutrição (vigilância alimentar e nutricional, atenção e coordenação do cuidado nutricional, promoção da saúde, intersetorialidade e gestão das ações de A&N). Na segunda rodada, os especialistas classificaram cada item proposto quanto à sua pertinência e relevância para fins de recomendação. Resultados. Os especialistas elaboraram 35 recomendações, organizadas em seis categorias: estrutura; agenda de A&N na APS; organização em rede e organização da APS; processos de trabalho de A&N na APS; planejamento, monitoramento e avaliação das ações de A&N na APS; e sistema de informação. As categorias foram organizadas em dois blocos: “ações estruturantes da APS para o fortalecimento da A&N” e “ações estruturantes da A&N para o fortalecimento da APS”. Conclusões. As recomendações foram produzidas por pessoas experientes que acompanham a trajetória da A&N e da APS por diferentes pontos de vista, sendo úteis para a gestão e proposição de políticas públicas rumo ao fortalecimento da A&N nas APS brasileira.

Resumo A segurança alimentar e nutricional (SAN), os marcos legais para a garantia e exigibilidade do direito humano à alimentação adequada (DHAA) e a construção de um sistema que monitore e avalie os avanços e retrocessos nesses processos são provenientes dos esforços coletivos impulsionados por movimentos sociais, sociedade civil organizada e alguns segmentos governamentais. Este artigo analisa documentos oficiais produzidos nacionalmente e publicados entre 2003 e 2019 na perspectiva de monitoramento e avaliação (M&A), com a realização de análise documental e contextualização fundamentada nas dimensões do Decreto nº 7.272/2010. Como resultado, destaca-se a importância do Conselho Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional, da Câmara Interministerial de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional e das Conferências Nacionais de SAN na construção de mecanismos de M&A. Os desafios destacados nesse processo se relacionam com as articulações intersetoriais e a descentralização das ações, que tendem a se fragilizar, dependendo dos contextos políticos.

Abstract Food and Nutrition Security, the legal frameworks to guarantee and enforce the Human Right to Adequate Food and construction of a system to monitor and evaluate progress and setbacks in these processes are the outcome of collective efforts led by social movements, organized civil society and some areas of government. This article examines official Brazilian documents regarding such monitoring and evaluation published from 2003 to 2019. The documentary analysis and contextualization were framed by the dimensions specified in Decree No. 7272/2010. The analysis highlighted the importance of the National Food and Nutrition Security Council (CONSEA), the Interministerial Food and Nutrition Security Chamber (CAISAN) and the Brazilian Food and Nutrition Security Conferences in the construction of monitoring and evaluation mechanisms. The challenges identified in this process stem from inter-sector relations and decentralization of actions, which tend to be weakened in certain political contexts.

This work developed ternary films based on Poly(Lactic Acid) (PLA), Cloisite 30B (C30B) and Oregano Essential Oil (OEO) as proposal to be applied in food packaging. The films thus manufactured were unscathed, with reduced surface defects. Their thickness and moisture content varied according to the composition and content of each component in the formulation. Optical micrographs indicated a homogeneous morphology, with good distribution of clay in the matrix. FTIR data confirms the incorporation of OEO into the films. TGA analysis indicated that the thermal stability of the films was not significantly affected by the incorporation of C30B and OEO. OEO incorporation did not promote an efficient antimicrobial action which is probably due to its retention by the clay. Further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis. The combination between C30B and OEO in the PLA polymeric matrix is a promising proposal.