The objective of this study was to characterize the clonal profile, virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance, particularly oxacillin resistance, of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from sheep milk. Milk samples were collected from all teats for the California Mastitis Test (CMT), somatic cell count, identification of S. aureus, investigation in these strains of genes encoding toxins (sea, seb, sec, sed, tst), biofilm (icaA, icaC, icaD, bap), leukocidin (luk-PV) oxacillin resistance by mecA gene detection and susceptibility testing (12 antibiotics). Messenger RNA expression was evaluated by RT-PCR in isolates carrying toxin and biofilm genes. Biofilm formation was also evaluated phenotypically by adherence to polystyrene plates. The clonal profile of S. aureus was investigated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. A total of 473 milk samples were collected from 242 animals on three farms and 20 S. aureus strains were isolated and none carried the mecA gene. The two sec gene-positive isolates and the isolates carrying the tst and luk-PV genes were positive by RT-PCR. Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the three flocks studied showed high susceptibility to the drugs tested and none was biofilm producer, indicating that biofilm formation was not a virulence factor causing infection by these strains. The typing of 17 S. aureus isolates revealed the presence of a common clone on the three farms studied, and the presence and expression of the sec and tst genes in one strain of this clone suggest the possible acquisition of virulence genes by this clone, a fact that is important for animal health and food hygiene.

Mosquitos são responsáveis pela transmissão de várias doenças causadas por vírus, parasitas e helmintos. Considerando o custo e a complexidade do tratamento dessas doenças, o uso de repelentes para proteção contra mosquitos vetores se torna uma alternativa interessante. Nesse contexto, no presente trabalho foram feitos estudos por ancoramento e dinâmica molecular (DM) de potenciais ligantes da proteína odorante do mosquito Anopheles gambiae (AgOBP1), o principal vetor da malária. Os modos de ligação na AgOBP1 de moléculas com conhecida atividade atrativa e dos principais componentes do óleo do cravo da índia (Syzygium aromaticum), com potencial atividade repelente, foram comparados com o conhecido repelente N,N-dietil-3-metilbenzamida (DEET). Os resultados sugerem que o acetato de eugenila é um repelente melhor do que o DEET e também revelam as principais características do sítio de ligação da AgOBP1 importantes para o planejamento de novos e mais eficientes repelentes.

Mosquitoes are responsible for conveying various diseases caused by viruses, parasites and helminthes. Considering the cost and complexity of the treatment of these diseases, the use of repellents for protection from the mosquito vectors becomes an interesting alternative. In the present work, docking and molecular dynamics (MD) studies were performed on potential ligands to the odorant binding protein of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae (AgOBP1), the main vector of malaria. The binding modes on AgOBP1 of molecules with known attractive activities and the main components of the oil of indian clove (Syzygium aromaticum) with potential repellent activities were compared to the known repellent N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET). Results suggest the eugenyl acetate as a better repellent than DEET and also reveal the main features of the binding site of AgOBP1 important to the design of new and more efficient repellents.

Novos compósitos magnéticos anfifílicos foram preparados pelo crescimento de nanotubos e nanofibras de carbono contendo partículas magnéticas através de deposição química de vapor (CVD), utilizando etanol como fonte de carbono e lama vermelha (RM, subproduto do processo Bayer de produção de alumina) como suporte e catalisador. Monitoramento da reação CVD à temperatura programada (TPCVD), difração de raios X (XRD), espectroscopia Mössbauer, espectroscopia de energia dispersiva (EDS), espectroscopia Raman, termogravimetria (TG/DTA), análise elementar (CHN), determinação de área superficial (BET), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (SEM) e de transmissão (TEM) e medidas magnéticas mostraram que etanol reduz íons de ferro na RM para formar fases magnéticas, por exemplo Fe3O4 e Fe0, e depósitos de carbono (5-42 wt.%) na forma de nanotubos e nanofibras. A combinação de nanoestruturas hidrofóbicas de carbono com óxidos hidrofílicos de Al, Si e Ti presentes na lama vermelha produziu materiais anfifílicos com excelente interação com a interface água-óleo. Misturas de óleo de soja ou de decalina com água (completamente imiscíveis) foram emulsificadas facilmente na presença dos compósitos anfifílicos. Quando os compósitos foram adicionados a uma emulsão água-biodiesel estável, as partículas anfifílicas difundiram-se para a interface água- óleo. As partículas do compósito foram atraídas por ímãs e carregaram com elas as gotas de óleo, levando à completa desemulsificação e separação entre biodiesel e água.

New magnetic amphiphilic composites were prepared by the catalytic carbon vapor deposition (CVD) growth of carbon nanotubes and nanofibers using ethanol as carbon source and red mud waste (RM, a by-product of the Bayer process of alumina production) as catalyst and support. Temperature-programmed CVD (TPCVD), analyses by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Mössbauer spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetry (TG/DTA), elemental analysis (CHN), superficial area determination (BET), scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopies and magnetic measurements showed that ethanol reduces the iron ions in the red mud to form magnetic phases, e.g., Fe3O4 and Fe0, and carbon deposits (5-42 wt.%), particularly nanotubes and nanofibers. The combination of the hydrophobic carbon nanostructures with the hydrophilic Al, Si and Ti oxides present in the RM produced amphiphilic materials with excellent interaction with the water-oil interface. Soybean oil or decalin mixtures with water (completely immiscible) were easily emulsified in the presence of the amphiphilic composites. When the composites were added to stable biodiesel-water emulsions, the amphiphilic particles diffused to the interface oil-water. These composite particles were attracted by a magnet, carrying the oil droplets with them and leading to the complete demulsification and separation of the biodiesel from the water.

As doenças causadas por protozoários afetam hoje em dia uma grande parcela da população mundial, provocando muitas mortes e exercendo grande influência na qualidade de vida e no desenvolvimento de muitos países. Essas doenças afetam principalmente países pobres e por isso, a pesquisa e o desenvolvimento de novos fármacos são negligenciados. De fato, a maioria das drogas usadas no tratamento dessas doenças data de décadas passadas e apresentam muitas limitações, incluindo o aparecimento da resistência às drogas. Este artigo tem como foco os mais recentes desenvolvimentos publicados no campo de patentes, entre 2001-2008, com especial atenção a promissores compostos atuando contra tripanossomíase, leishmaniose, malária, toxoplasmose, amebíase, giardíase, balantidíase e pneumocistose.

Protozoan infections are parasitic diseases that affect hundreds of millions of people worldwide, but have been largely neglected for drug development because they affect poor people in poor regions of the world. Most of the current drugs used to treat these diseases are decades old and have many limitations, including the emergence of drug resistance. This review will focus on the most recent developments, from 2001 to 2008, published in the field of patents and publications, paying particular attention to promising compounds acting against trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, malaria, toxoplasmosis, amebiasis, giardiasis, balantidiasis and pneumocystosis, their chemistry and biological evaluation, and to new chemical and pharmaceutical processes.