ABSTRACT The quest for resistance sources against Meloidogyne incognita as a control measure is essential in tomato. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the reaction of six species of wild solanaceae to M. incognita. The species of wild solanaceae studied were Solanum capsicoides, S. asperolanatum, S. americanum, S. viarum, S. palinacanthum and Nicandra physaloides. Seedlings of wild solanaceae species were transplanted and inoculated with M. incognita. The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with eight replicates. The analyzed variables were: height of the aerial portion, fresh weight of the aerial portion, fresh weight and length of the root system, gall index, number of galls/g of root, number of egg masses/g of root, number of eggs/g of root and the nematode reproduction factor. Based on gall index and reproduction factor criteria the species S. capsicoides, S. americanum, S. palinacanthum and N. physaloides were classified as resistant against M. incognita. These species also showed a significant increase in height and fresh weight of the aerial portion, length of the root system and fresh weight of the root system. Therefore, these species of wild solanaceae may contribute to the management of M. incognita in future applications.

ABSTRACT Among the less exploited Brazilian native fruit trees, the Spondias dulcis (cajá-manga) has many uses, being their fruits appreciated in fresh consumption and its pulp used in popsicles, ice-creams, and jellies production. However, there is a lack of research on this species, being necessary more studies. This work aimed to characterize the physical and chemical quality and the genetic diversity of Spondias dulcis fruits harvested in different accessions in the municipality of Jataí - GO. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with six treatments (accessions), ten replications with ten fruits per plot, totaling a sample of 600 fruits. The fruits were evaluated for pulp and peel color, pulp yield, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, soluble solids content/titratable acidity ratio, and vitamin C content. The fruits from accessions M4 and M5 presented physical and chemical characteristics higher than the other plants. The evaluated accessions presented genetic variability, being the methodology employed efficiently to indicate this variability, in which the accession M2 was the most divergent.

Resumo O pessegueiro é uma fruteira de clima temperado, propagada por meio de enxertia com a cultivar copa e o porta enxerto oriundo de sementes, o que resulta em reduzida uniformidade, sendo a propagação por estaquia herbácea uma alternativa viável. Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho de diferentes genótipos de porta-enxerto de pessegueiro propagados por estaquia herbácea. O experimento foi realizado utilizando-se de estacas padronizadas em 15 cm de comprimento, tratadas em solução de AIB, na concentração de 3.000 mg L-1 que, posteriormente, foram transplantadas para embalagens de polietileno com capacidade para 3 L. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições, sendo cada parcela composta por três plantas. Foram testados 16 genótipos de pessegueiro oriundos do programa de melhoramento genético da UFV: 713-3; 713-6; 713-7; 713-10; 813-2; 813-3; 813-5; 813-15; 913-3; 913-6; 913-11; 913-17;C6; C7 e C8; e após 80 dias, foram avaliados os parâmetros: comprimento de haste (cm), diâmetro de haste (mm) e comprimento de entrenós (cm). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, pelo teste F; e as médias, comparadas pelo teste Scott-Knott, ao nível de 5% de probabilidade, com o auxílio do programa estatístico GENES. Conclui-se que o menor desenvolvimento inicial foi obtido no genótipo 1113-11, e as maiores estacas foram obtidas nos genótipos 713-13 e 813-5.

Abstract The peach tree is a temperate fruit tree propagated by grafting with the scion cultivar and the rootstock from seeds, generating low uniformity, a viable alternative is propagation by herbaceous cuttings. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of different genotypes of peach rootstock propagated by herbaceous cuttings. The experiment was carried out with standardized cuttings of 15 cm in length treated with 3,000 mg L-1 of IBA solution, then were transplanted into 3 L polyethylene bags. A completely randomized design with five replications was adopted, each plot consisting of three plants. Sixteen peach genotypes from UFV breeding program were tested: 713-3, 713-6, 713-7, 713-10, 813-2, 813-3, 813-5, 813-15, 913-3, 913-6, 913-11, 913-17, C6, C7 and C8. After 80 days the following parameters were evaluated: stem length (cm), stem diameter (mm) and internode length (cm). Data were subjected to analysis of variance by the F test and averages compared by the Scott-Knott test at a 5% probability level with the GENES statistical software. It can be concluded that the lower initial development was observed in genotype 1113-11 and the highest initial development was from genotypes 713-13 and 813-5.

ABSTRACT. The production of compact plants, which are slightly lacking in vigor and as productive as conventionally sized plants, is a trend in fruit growing. The objective of this study was to evaluate the vegetative performance and fruit quality of Gulfblaze and Reubennel plums intergrafted into two peach genotypes (UFV 186 and UFV 286). The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design using a 3x2 factorial arrangement (interstocks x cultivar) with four replications and one plant per plot. The non-intergrafted treatment was considered the control. Ten fruits were collected per plot for physical and chemical analyses. The evaluations were performed in the years 2014 and 2015. The interstock UFV 286 produced Gulfblaze trees with lower height in the two years of evaluation. When using the UFV 286 interstock, the trunk diameters were 50.2% smaller in Gulfblaze and 44.25% smaller in Reubennel than the control cultivars. Intergrafting had no influence on the fruit mass of Reubennel. In general, the peach genotypes UFV 186 and UFV 286 can be recommended as interstocks for reducing plant size in the plums studied. Intergrafting had no effect on fruit quality of Reubennel plums.

Abstract One of the most important criteria in the improvement of rootstocks is easiness of propagation. The objective of the present study was to verify the existence of genetic variability and the possibility of gains with selection in the rooting capacity among peach genotypes. Seventy-seven genotypes of peach belonging to five F3 families were evaluated. Rooting percentage (RP), number of roots per cutting (NR) and mean root length (RL) were evaluated. Genetic values were estimated. The nineteen genotypes with the lowest rank summation index were selected to estimate the genetic gains. The variables RP, NR and RL had progeny mean heritabilities of 0.53, 0.60 and 0.83, respectively. Of the individuals selected, 89.5% belonged to the 713 (Talismã x Adafuel) family. The estimation of the genetic and phenotypic parameters show the possibility of success by selecting superior genotypes, with gains of 9.09, 17.47 and 24% for RP, NR and RL, respectively.

RESUMO O conhecimento da adaptabilidade e estabilidade da produção de frutos em diferentes locais ou anos é crucial para aumentar o potencial de produção agrícola. Por isso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a existência de interação entre cultivares e anos, bem como avaliar a estabilidade de cultivares de pessegueiro e nectarineira quanto à massa de matéria fresca de fruto, relação SS/AT e duração de ciclo nas condições de Viçosa-MG. Para isto foram avaliadas 28 cultivares de pessegueiro e duas cultivares de nectarineira pertencentes ao pomar da Universidade Federal de Viçosa nos anos de 2011, 2012 e 2013. Foram avaliados os caracteres massa de matéria fresca de fruto, relação SS/AT e duração de ciclo e utilizados os métodos Tradicional e de Eberhart & Russell (1966) para estudo da estabilidade fenotípica no tempo. A interação cultivares x anos é significativa para todas as características. ‘Josefina’ apresenta adaptabilidade geral para relação SS/AT, e ‘Flordaprince’ e ‘Tropical’ para duração de ciclo. Para ambientes favoráveis são indicadas as cultivares ‘Capdebosq’ e ‘Maciel’ quanto à característica massa de fruto, e ‘Coral’ e ‘Talismã’ quanto à relação SS/AT. ‘Rubimel’ é indicada para ambiente desfavorável com relação à massa de fruto.

ABSTRACT Information on adaptability and stability of fruit production in different environments or years is crucial to increasing agricultural production potential. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate whether there is interaction between cultivars and years, as well as to assess the stability of peach and nectarine cultivars regarding fruit fresh mass, SS/TA ratio, and cycle length in Viçosa -MG, Brazil. The characteristics fruit fresh mass (FM), soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio (SS/TA), and cycle length (CL) were evaluated in 28 cultivars of peach and two cultivars of nectarine from the orchard of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa, in 2011, 2012, and 2013. The methods used to determine the phenotypic stability across time were Eberhart & Russell (1966) and the Traditional. The interaction cultivars x years was significant for all traits. Cultivar ‘Josefina’ showed broad adaptability for SS/TA ratio, and cultivars ‘Flordaprince’ and ‘Tropical’ for cycle length. For favorable environments, the cultivars ‘Capdebosq’ and ‘Maciel’ are indicated regarding the characteristic fruit mass, and ‘Coral’ and ‘Talismã’ for SS/TA ratio. ‘Rubimel’ was adaptable to unfavorable environments regarding fruit mass.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between fruit traits and their direct and indirect effects on the content of ascorbic acid and carotenoids in peaches and nectarines. The traits fruit mass (FM); equatorial diameter (ED); suture diameter (SD); polar diameter (PD); pulp firmness (FIR); soluble solids (SS); titratable acidity (TA); SS/TA ratio; contents of ascorbic acid (AA) and carotenoids (CT); and skin and pulp color were evaluated in 28 peach cultivars, and two nectarine cultivars. The phenotypic correlation coefficients were estimated (rf), and after multicollinearity diagnosis, unfolding was carried out in direct and indirect effects of the explanatory variables in the response variable by using path analysis. The strongest correlations were found between FM, SD, ED, and PD, and between carotenoid content and °h pulp. The traits considered in the path diagrams are not the main determinants of the ascorbic acid content. The yellow color of the pulp has the potential for indirect selection for carotenoid content.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a tolerância dos frutos de diferentes cultivares de bananeira a baixa temperatura de armazenamento. Foram utilizados frutos das bananas Nanicão (AAA), Prata (AAB), Vitória (AAAB), Maçã (AAB) e Caipira (AAA). Utilizaram-se buquês com três frutos, mantidos em câmara fria por 7, 14 e 21 dias, com temperatura média de 10,53±0,37°C e umidade relativa do ar de 85%. Posteriormente, os buquês foram transferidos para a temperatura de 22±0,39°C e avaliados por 16 dias. Os frutos dos cultivares estudados peraneceram verdes após 21 dias de armazenamento a 10,53±0,37°C. Frutos do Nanicão não completaram o amadurecimento após serem transferidos para a temperatura de 22°C, quando armazenados por 7 dias à baixa temperatura, apresentando frutos mais firmes, com casca verde, baixos teores de sólidos solúveis e acidez titulável. Após 21 dias de armazenamento refrigerado, os frutos de todos os cultivares completaram o amadurecimento, depois de transferidos para temperatura ambiente. Os danos por frio aumentaram com o avanço do tempo de armazenamento refrigerado, para todos os cultivares. Nanicão, Caipira e Maçã apresentaram sintomas mais evidentes de dano por frio. As bananas Prata e Vitória mostraram-se mais tolerantes ao armazenamento refrigerado na temperatura de 10,53°C por até 21 dias, exibindo amadurecimento normal após a transferência para a temperatura de 22°C.

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the tolerance of fruits of different banana cultivars to low temperature storages. Fruits of the cultivars Nanicão (AAA), Prata (AAB), Vitória (AAAB), Maçã (AAB) and Caipira (AAA) were used. Clusters of three fruits were kept in cold storage for 7, 14 and 21 days, with average temperature of 10.53±0.37°C and relative humidity of 85%. Subsequently, the clusters were transferred to temperatures of 22±0.39°C and evaluated for 16 days. The fruits of all cultivars remained green after 21 days of storage at 10.53±0.37°C. Fruits of the cultivar Nanicão did not completely ripened after transferred to the 22°C storage, when stored for 7 days at low temperature. These fruits were firmer, with green peel and low soluble solids and titratable acidity. The fruits of all cultivars complete the ripening when transferred to room temperature after 21 days of cold storage. Chilling injuries increased with cold storage time in all cultivars. The cultivars Nanicão, Caipira and Maçã had more symptoms of chilling injury, while Prata and Vitória were more tolerant to the cold storage (10.53°C) for up to 21 days, showing normal ripening after transferred to the 22±0.39°C storage.

RESUMO Os frutos de nectarineiras geralmente apresentam tamanho pequeno, polpa firme, aroma e sabor bem acentuados. O conhecimento dos cultivares disponíveis, em relação a sua qualidade, bem como a sua adaptação aos locais de cultivo é extremamente importante, por possibilitar a escolha dos materiais com melhor potencial de mercado. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os cultivares de nectarineira 'Josefina' e 'Rubro- Sol', cultivados sob condições de clima subtropical, em Viçosa, MG. Os experimentos foram realizados na Universidade Federal de Viçosa durante três safras e conduzidos em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, dentro do delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Foram colhidos 30 frutos de cada cultivar e avaliadas as características massa de fruto, diâmetros longitudinal e transversal, firmeza, teor de sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável e teores de ácido ascórbico e de carotenoides. Verificaram-se diferenças significativas entre as médias dos anos de avaliação quanto à firmeza e aos teores de ácido ascórbico e de carotenoides. O cultivar 'Rubro- Sol' destacou-se pela maior firmeza da polpa e o 'Josefina' pelo maior teor de sólidos solúveis e menor acidez titulável, com frutos mais doces.

ABSTRACT The fruits of nectarine trees usually have small, firm flesh, good aroma and flavor accented. Knowledge of available cultivars in relation to quality as well as its adaptation to local cultivation are extremely important as they allow the choice of materials with better market potential. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the nectarine cultivars 'Josefina' and 'Rubro- Sol' grown under subtropical conditions in Viçosa-MG. The experiments were carried out at the Universidade Federal de Viçosa for three seasons and conducted in split plots within the randomized design. Thirty fruits of each cultivar were harvested and the characteristics fruit weight, longitudinal and transverse diameters, firmness, soluble solids, titratable acidity and ascorbic acid contents and carotenoids were evaluated. There were significant differences between the means of years of avaliation as to the firmness and levels of ascorbic acid and carotenoids. The cultivar 'Rubro-sol' stood out for greater firmness and 'Josefina' by higher soluble solids and lower titratable acidity, with the sweetest fruits.

O presente estudo foi desenvolvido visando avaliar a formação de frutos e germinação de grãos de pólen em pinheira 'Brazilian seedless'. Dois experimentos foram realizados: 1) delineamento inteiramente casualizado com três tratamentos (polinização natural, artificial e autopolinização), com três repetições e dez flores por parcela; 2) delineamento inteiramente casualizado com três tratamentos (grãos de pólen de pinheira com semente, ‹Brazilian seedless› e atemóia, híbrido entre pinheira (Annona squamosa) e cherimóia (Annona cherimola) 'Gefner'), cinco repetições. Foi observado 100% de formação de frutos por meio da polinização artificial. Não foi observada a formação de frutos por meio da autopolinização. A porcentagem de germinação in vitro de grãos de pólen foi maior em 'Brazilian seedless' (52,5%) e menor na cultivar 'Gefner (5,9%). Resultados preliminares indicam que grãos de pólen da 'Brazilian seedless' são viáveis e polinização artificial ou natural são essenciais para a produção de frutos.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate fruit set and pollen grain germination of 'Brazilian seedless' sugar apple. Two experiments were performed: 1) one in a completely randomized design with three treatments (natural and artificial pollination and self-fertilization), with three replications of 10 flowers per plot, 2) and the other in a completely randomized design with three treatments: pollen grains of a seeded wild-type, 'Brazilian seedless' and atemoya (hybrid of sugar apple and cherimoya) 'Gefner', with five replications. A fruit set of 100% was achieved by artificial pollination. No fruit formation was observed after self-fertilization. The percentage of pollen grain germination in vitro was highest for 'Brazilian seedless' (52.5%) and lowest for cultivar Gefner (5.9%). Preliminary results indicated that pollen grains of 'Brazilian seedless' are viable and that natural or artificial pollination is essential for fruit set.