This study aims to analyze Tetragonisca angustula honey from southwestern Bahia for its physicochemical characteristics, phenolic compounds and glioma cell inhibitory effect, in samples from different periods of the year, dry (DP) and rainy (RP) period. The analyses showed that samples obtained in the DP and RP are statistically different for the physicochemical profile (p < 0.05). DP honey has a darker color, greater acidity, content of reducing sugars and ash and lower moisture, when compared to RP. The content of total phenolics and flavonoids was determined spectrometrically, using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and reaction with aluminum chloride, respectively, and there was no statistical difference between the samples (p > 0.05). For the extraction of phenolic compounds, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction was used, besides analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV), which identified chlorogenic acid and quantified caffeic acid and rutin (1.7723 and 0.9384 μg 100 mg-1 honey, respectively). Glioma cell inhibition effect lines were observed for DP at concentrations 1000 ng mL-1 of honey. Principal component analysis (PCA) proposes the physicochemical parameters as the main distinguishing factors between the DP and RP samples. DP samples showed similarity for the parameters ash content, acidity and reducing sugars and the samples of the RP had consonance between pH and moisture.

This study is the first to propose the simultaneous quantification of 10 elements in fruits of Casearia fasciculata by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). A method of digestion using dilute nitric acid was optimized by mixture design for extraction of elements in the seed, peel, and pulp of Casearia fasciculata cultivated in the Bahia State, Northeastern Brazil. Four different approaches were used to evaluate the digestion procedure ((i) desirability; (ii) multiple response; (iii) residual carbon content and (iv) residual acidity). The accuracy of the method of digestion was applied for the extraction of the studied elements in two certified reference materials (RM-Agro E1001a Brachiaria brizantha and NIST 1515 apple leaves). The limits of quantification of the method (µg g−1) were: Cr, 0.42; Cu, 0.69; Fe, 1.5; Mn, 0.14; Zn, 1.8; Ca, 29.0; K, 3.5; Mg, 1.9; P, 6.4; and S, 17. Two multivariate tools, principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), were efficient in the formation of groups, corresponding to the fruit parts. Thus, the peel and seed of Casearia fasciculata present potential to be used as mineral supplements in human nutrition.

This study describes the preparation of a novel ion-imprinted polymer (IIP) to apply pre-concentration of cadmium ions in water samples of the Pontal Bay in Ilhéus, Brazil. First, cadmium ion was complexed with 2-(2-thiazolylazo)-p-cresol (TAC). Subsequently, there was the polymerization using ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and methacrylic acid monomers along with the radical azobisisobutyronitrile initiator. The mold ions were removed using 2:1 (v v-1) nitric acid. The thermal stability of the polymer was evaluated by thermogravimetry and the characterization was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The maximum adsorption capacity for IIP (qmax = 84.75 mg g-1) could be described by the Langmuir isotherm. The variables: sample flow rate, pH and eluent (nitric acid) were optimized using Box-Behnken design with determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The enrichment factor, as well as the limits of detection and quantification (LOQ), were found to be 44, 0.14 and 0.46 µg L-1, respectively. Selectivity was evaluated by using solutions containing CdII, CuII, NiII, PbII, CoII, SO42-, and Cl- ions. The concentration of cadmium ions in the samples varied between < LOQ to 1.25 µg L-1.

The aim of this research was to determine the concentrations of calcium, iron, manganese, zinc, potassium and sodium in the water and leaves of Aechmea blanchetiana (Baker) L.B species collected between the cities of Ilhéus and Itacaré, Bahia, Brazil and verify if the metals found in the water can be absorbed by the leaves. Flame atomic absorption spectrometry (F AAS) and flame photometry were used for the determination of metals. pH measurements, dissolved oxygen and water temperature were also made. The results obtained were used in an exploratory analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed clearly the distinct formation of two clusters and the correlation analysis indicated that the leaves of A. blanchetiana seem to absorb iron, calcium, manganese and zinc from the water tank.