Resumo Objetivo Determinar a composição corporal média (porcentagem de gordura corporal), os marcadores antropométricos, e a intensidade de dor clínica em mulheres com diagnóstico clínico de dor pélvica crônica (DPC) secundária a endometriose. Métodos Um estudo de caso-controle realizado com 91 mulheres, 46 das quais com DPC secundária a endometriose, e 45 das quais com DPC secundária a outras causas. As pacientes foram submetidas à avaliação dos parâmetros antropométricos por meio do índice de massa corporal (IMC), dos perímetros (cintura, abdômen, quadril), e do percentual de gordura corporal (%GC), que foram avaliados emmonitor de composição corporal por bioimpedância; a intensidade clínica da dor foi avaliada usando-se a escala visual analógica (EVA), e os sintomas de ansiedade e depressão, usando a escala de ansiedade e depressão do hospital (EADH). Resultados Os grupos não diferiram quanto à idade média, ao IMC, ao %GC, nem quanto à relação da cintura-quadril (RCQ) disponível. Amédia da intensidade clínica da dor pela EVA foi de 7,2 ± 2,06 no grupo com DPC secundária a endometriose, e de 5,93 ± 2,64 no grupo com DPC secundária a outras causas (p = 0,03), revelando diferenças significativas entre os grupos. Emrelação à EADH, ambos os grupos estavam acima da média de corte. Conclusão Concluímos que, apesar da diferença no escore de dor avaliado entre os dois grupos, não houve diferença com relação à composição corporal e à antropometria.

Abstract Objective To determine the average body composition (percentage of body fat), the anthropometric markers, and the intensity of clinical pain in women with a clinical diagnosis of chronic pelvic pain (CPP) secondary to endometriosis. Methods A case-control study performed with 91 women, 46 of whom with CPP secondary to endometriosis and 45 of whom with CPP secondary to other causes. They underwent an evaluation of the anthropometric parameters by means of the body mass index (BMI), the perimeters (waist, abdomen, hip), and the percentage of body fat (%BF), which were assessed on a body composition monitor by bioimpedance; the intensity of the clinical pain was evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS), and the symptoms of anxiety and depression, using the hospital’s anxiety and depression scale (HAD). Results The groups did not differ in terms of mean age, BMI, %BF or regarding the available waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). The mean intensity of the clinical pain by the VAS was of 7.2 ± 2.06 in the group with CPP secondary to endometriosis, and of 5.93 ± 2.64 in the group with CPP secondary to other causes (p = 0.03), revealing significant differences between the groups. Conclusion We concluded that, despite the difference in the pain score assessed between the two groups, there was no difference regarding body composition and anthropometry.

ABSTRACT The Human Genome Project has significantly broadened our understanding of the molecular aspects regulating the homeostasis and the pathophysiology of different clinical conditions. Consequently, the field of nutrition has been strongly influenced by such improvements in knowledge – especially for determining how nutrients act at the molecular level in different conditions, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. In this manner, characterizing how the genome influences the diet and vice-versa provides insights about the molecular mechanisms involved in chronic inflammation-related diseases. Therefore, the present review aims to discuss the potential application of Nutritional Genomics to modulate obesity-related inflammatory responses. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2020;64(3):205-22

RESUMO Racional: A cirurgia bariátrica promove importante perda ponderal e melhora das comorbidades associadas; entretanto, deficiências nutricionais e reganho de peso podem ocorrer no pós-operatório médio e tardio. Objetivo: Investigar a evolução do estado nutricional de pacientes após cinco e 10 anos de pós-operatório. Método: Estudo retrospectivo longitudinal, no qual indicadores antropométricos, bioquímicos e a ingestão alimentar foram avaliados no período pré-operatório e após um, dois, três, quatro, cinco e dez anos da operação, por meio de revisão de prontuários. Resultados: Após 10 anos observou-se redução de 29,2% do peso inicial; no entanto, 87,1% dos pacientes tiveram reganho significativo de peso. Além disso, houve aumento da incidência de deficiência de ferro (9,2% para 18,5%), vitamina B12 (4,2% para 11,1%) e magnésio (14,1% para 14,8%). As concentrações de ácido fólico aumentaram e a porcentagem de indivíduos com alterações na glicemia (40,4% a 3,7%), triglicérides (38% a 7,4%), colesterol HDL (31% a 7,4%) e ácido úrico (70,5% a 11,1%) diminuiu. Além disso, houve redução na ingestão alimentar no primeiro ano de pós-operatório. Após 10 anos, houve aumento na ingestão de energia, proteína e lipídios, e redução na de ácido fólico. Conclusões: A derivação gástrica em Y-de-Roux é procedimento eficaz para promover perda de peso e melhorar as comorbidades associadas à obesidade. Entretanto, a comparação entre os períodos pós-operatórios de cinco e 10 anos mostrou que uma porcentagem de pacientes apresenta deficiências de vitaminas e minerais e reganho de peso significativo, evidenciando a necessidade do acompanho nutricional no período pós-operatório.

ABSTRACT Background : Bariatric surgery promotes significant weight loss and improvement of associated comorbidities; however, nutrients deficiencies and weight regain may occur in the middle-late postoperative period. Aim: To investigate nutritional status in 10 years follow-up. Methods : Longitudinal retrospective study in which anthropometric, biochemical indicators and nutritional intake were assessed before and after one, two, three, four, five and ten years of Roux-en Y gastric bypass through analysis of medical records. Results : After ten years there was a reduction of 29.2% of initial weight; however, 87.1% of patients had significant weight regain. Moreover, there was an increase of incidence of iron (9.2% to 18.5%), vitamin B12 (4.2% to 11.1%) and magnesium deficiency (14.1% to 14.8%). Folic acid concentrations increased and the percentage of individuals with glucose (40.4% to 3.7%), triglycerides (38% to 7.4%), HDL cholesterol (31 % to 7.4%) and uric acid (70.5% to 11.1%) abnormalities reduced. Also, there is a reduction of food intake at first year postoperative. After 10 years, there was an increase in energy, protein and lipid intake, also a reduction in folid acid intake. Conclusions : Roux-en Y gastric bypass is an effective procedure to promote weight loss and improve comorbidities associated with obesity. However, comparison between postoperative period of five and 10 years showed a high prevalence of minerals deficiency and a significant weight regain, evidencing the need for nutritional follow-up in the postoperative period.

Backgroungd: previous outcome research in bariatric surgery has to document positive changes in co-morbidities associated with obesity. Objective: the study aimed report a description of the impact of bariatric surgery on weight loss and on the resolution of diseases associated with obesity in patients followed up for 12 months in the public health service of São Paulo/Brazil. Methods: the study was conducted on the data for 598 selected patients with grade III obesity subjected to Rouxen- Y gastric bypass evaluated postoperatively and 6 and 12 months after surgery. Anthropometric, demographic and biochemical data and personal history were determined at each time point. Serum glucose, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were determined in the biochemical evaluation. Data were analyzed statistically by the Chi-square test, by ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni post-test and by the Student t-test for independent data, significance set at p<0.05. Results: weight loss of 45.5±13.7kg (33.5%) was observed during the first year after surgery. Serum glucose, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were reduced during the first six months after surgery and the values were maintained up to 12 months, whereas weight and triglycerides were reduced throughout the study period. A reduced prevalence of diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia was observed after surgery (p<0.001). Conclusions: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is an important procedure for weight loss and control of comorbidities such as diabetes and dyslipidemia at least during the first postoperative year.

Introducción: la investigación de los resultados previa en cirugía bariátrica tiene que documentar los cambios positivos en las comorbilidades asociadas a la obesidad. Objetivo: el objetivo del estudio fue informar de una descripción de los efectos de la cirugía bariátrica sobre la pérdida de peso y en la resolución de enfermedades asociadas con la obesidad en pacientes seguidos durante 12 meses en el servicio de salud pública de São Paulo/Brasil. Métodos: el estudio se realizó con los datos de 598 pacientes seleccionados con obesidad grado III sometidos a bypass gástrico en Y de Roux evaluados antes y 6 y 12 meses después de la cirugía. En cada momento se determinaron la antropometría, los datos demográficos y bioquímicos y la historia personal. La glucosa sérica, el colesterol total, el colesterol LDL, el colesterol HDL y los triglicéridos fueron determinados en la evaluación bioquímica. Los datos fueron analizados estadísticamente por el test de Chi-cuadrado, por ANOVA seguido por el post-test de Bonferroni y por la prueba t de Student para datos independientes; significación fijada en p<0,05. Resultados: se observó pérdida de peso de 45,5±13,7 kg (33,5%) durante el primer año después de la cirugía. Glucosa sérica, colesterol total y colesterol LDL se redujeron durante los primeros seis meses después de la cirugía y los valores se mantuvieron hasta los 12 meses, mientras que el peso y los triglicéridos se redujeron en todo el período de estudio. Se observó una prevalencia reducida de diabetes mellitus y dislipidemia después de la cirugía (p<0,001). Conclusiones: el bypass gástrico en Y de Roux es un procedimiento importante para la pérdida de peso y el control de las comorbilidades como la diabetes y la dislipidemia, al menos durante el primer año postoperatorio.

Introduction: Energy balance is influenced by the oxidation of macronutrients (proteins, carbohydrates and lipids). Objective: To characterize substrate utilization in normal weight and obese. Subjects and Methods: Bioelectrical impedance analysis and indirect calorimetry were used to determine the oxidation of carbohydrates and lipids in hospitalized patients. Subjects were divided into three groups: group 1: BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m, group 2: BMI 25-29.9 kg / m and Group 3: BMI> 30 k/m². Groups of individuals were compared using ANOVA and, in some cases, after the Dunn test was applied (p <0.05 were considered significant). Results: 38 individuals (11 men and27 women) with a mean age of 44.3 ± 16.5 years ofwhich 18 were eutrophic, 10 overweightand10 obese. Obese subjects had higher resting energy expenditure than normal individuals. Obese and non-obese individuals oxidized similar amounts of carbohydrates and lipids. Conclusions: BMI was not associated with the oxidation oflipids and carbohydrates in hospitalized patients. The amount offat mass is associated with the total amount of carbohydrate and lipid oxidation.

Introducción: El balance de energía se ve influenciado por la oxidación de macronutrientes (proteínas, carbohidratos y lípidos). Objetivo: Caracterizar la utilización de sustratos en sujetos con peso normal y obesos. Metodología: se realizó una impedancia bioeléctrica y una calorimetría indirecta para determinar la oxidación de carbohidratos y lípidos de pacientes hospitalizados. Los sujetos fueron divididos en tres grupos, el grupo 1: IMC 18,5-24,9 kg / m2, grupo 2: IMC 25-29.9 kg / m2 y el grupo 3: IMC> 30 kg / m2. Los grupos de individuos se compararon mediante la prueba de ANOVA y, en algún caso, después de la prueba se aplicó el Dunn (p< 0,05 consi-derado significativo). Resultados: Se estudiaron 38 personas (11 hombres y 27 mujeres) con una edad media de 44,3±16,5 años; 18 normales, 10 con sobrepeso y 10 obesos. Los sujetos obesos tenían un mayor gasto energético en reposo que los individuos normales. Obesos y no obesos oxidan cantidades similares de carbohidratos y lípidos. Conclusiones: El índice de masa corporal no se asoció con la oxidación de los lípidos y carbohidratos en pacientes hospitalizados. La cantidad de masa sin grasa se asocia con la cantidad total de hidratos de carbono y oxidación de lípidos.

O trabalho verifica e analisa hiperuricemia em nove mulheres obesas, com índice de massa corporal (IMC) >35kg/m², sob dieta altamente restritiva (DAR, 400-600kcal/dia) durante 6 semanas. As primeiras duas semanas foram para o diagnóstico clínico e adaptação dietética. Semanalmente foram medidas cetonúria e uricemia e na 4ª. semana foi também determinada a excreção urinária de ácido úrico. A média (±dp) do IMC foi de 54±12 e 49±11kg/m², respectivamente na admissão e alta hospitalar, correspondendo a uma perda de peso de 14±2kg (p<0,05). Das pacientes, 78% apresentavam hiperuricemia assintomática, com níveis >5,7mg/dl, atingindo, durante o estudo, o valor máximo de 12mg/dl. Duas pacientes, com níveis de uricemia >10mg/dl, receberam alopurinol. A uricosúria, na 4ª. semana, foi de 770±262mg/24 hs. 33% das pacientes excretaram entre 300-700mg, considerados valores normais, e 67% excretaram mais do que 700mg. Nenhuma foi considerada hipoexcretora. Sugere-se que pacientes obesos submetidos à DAR tenham, além de uricemia, os valores de uricosúria monitorizados. Quando ocorrer hiperuricemia, a introdução de fármacos que inibem a síntese de ácido úrico estaria indicada.

In the present paper, hyperuricemia was analyzed in nine obese women with body mass index (BMI) >35kg/m², while receiving a very low calorie diet (400/600kcal/day) for 6 weeks. The first two weeks were for clinical diagnosis and diet adaptation. Serum uric acid and ketonuria were measured weekly, and on the 4th week total uric acid urinary excretion was also determined. The mean (±SD) BMI were 54±12 and 49±11kg/m², respectively at admission and discharge, corresponding to a body weight loss of 14±2kg (p<0.05). 78% of the patients had asymptomatic hyperuricemia, with serum uric acid >5.7mg/dL; during the follow-up the highest value was 12mg/dL. Two patients had values >10mg/dL and received hallopurinol. At the 4th week, the urinary excretion of uric acid was 770±262mg. 33% of the patients excreted between 300-700mg, considered normal, and 67% excreted >700mg; therefore, none was considered hypoexcretor. It is suggested that besides serum uric acid control, total urinary uric acid excretion must be controlled in obese people during restrictive diet therapy. If hyperuricemia is detected introduction of an uric acid inhibitor is recommended.

A Síndrome do Intestino Curto representa um dos quadros mais sérios e graves de má-absorção e a terapêutica dietética destes pacientes é um desafio importante a ser enfrentado. Este trabalho teve como objetivo descrever a terapia dietética via oral e a sua participação em evitar a desnutrição protéico-energética em portadores de Síndrome do Intestino Curto seguidos na Unidade Metabólica da Divisão de Nutrologia do Departamento de Clínica Médica da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo. Foram acompanhados 12 pacientes, 7 homens e 5 mulheres, idade de 55 ± 10 anos, por um período de 24 meses. Eles receberam, concomitantemente à nutrição parenteral central ou periférica, dieta via oral fracionada em 7 a 8 refeições/dia, em intervalos regulares e constantes, com pequeno volume por refeição, hipogordurosa e restrita em açúcares simples e fibras insolúveis. As refeições eram isoenergéticas, isoprotéicas, sendo oferecidas em média 35 kcal/kg/dia e 1,5 g de proteína/kg/dia. Inicialmente eram oferecidos 25 a 50% do planejado e a variação de alimentos era restrita a 1 ou 2 alimentos. Com aceitação progressiva a oferta total de nutrientes era alcançada em 40 a 50 dias. Os resultados mostraram que 59% dos pacientes seguiram as orientações em relação ao consumo energético e 100% apresentaram ingestão protéica em quantidade adequada. Ao final do estudo cerca de 50% dos pacientes apresentaram índice de massa corporal dentro da faixa de normalidade e 92%, valores normais nos níveis de albumina sérica. Considerando o déficit absortivo destes pacientes, o esquema proposto mostrou-se positivo no tratamento da Síndrome do Intestino Curto.

The Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS) is one of the most serious and dangerous causes of malabsorption and the dietetic therapy is an important challenge to be faced. This study describes the oral dietetic therapy for all patients with Short Bowel Syndrome followed at the Metabolic Unit of the Nutrology Division of the Internal Medicine Department of the Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo. Twelve patients (7 men and 5 women), aged 55 ± 10 years old, were studied, for a period of 24 months. They received, along with parenteral support, oral nutrition, consisting of 7 or 8 small amounts of meals per day, with regular and short intervals between each meal. These meals were isocaloric, isoproteic and low in fat, simple sugar and insoluble fiber. The mean caloric offer was of 35 kcal/kg/day, with protein amounts of 1,5 g/kg/day. Initially 25 to 50% of the total planned values were given in 1 or 2 food items. Increases in the offer and in the food items were made according to the patient's adaptation. The total planned values were generally achieved after 40 to 50 days. Results showed that 59% of the patients followed the recommendations related to energetic intake and 100% had an adequate protein intake. Fifty per cent of the patients had normal Body Mass Index at the end of the study and 92% had normal levels of serum albumin. Considering the degree of malabsorption of these patients, the proposed nutritional program showed to be a positive approach in the treatment of Short Bowel Syndrome.