ABSTRACT This research analysed the acute effects of flexibility training with two different intensities on inflammation. Twenty-eight young military personnel males were randomised into two groups of 14 individuals each: Submaximal Stretching Group (SG) and Maximal Stretching Group (MG). The training routines were applied for each group and involved shoulder horizontal flexion, shoulder horizontal extension, hip flexion and hip extension. Basal blood samples were collected immediately after exercise and 24 h later in order to assess the inflammatory markers (CRP, IL-6, IL-10). Repeated measures ANOVA (2x3) for intragroup and intergroup comparisons with the adjusted Bonferroni post-hoc test was used. There was significant intergroup interaction (p< 0.05) with post-exercise CRP levels, which were significantly higher in the MG when compared to the SG (p= 0.035; Δ= 94%). There were no significant differences in IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations at any intergroup moment. The intragroup comparison showed a significant rise in IL-6 immediately after and 24 h after maximal stretching, with a significant difference (p< 0.05) 24 h after when compared to baseline (p= 0.008; Δ= 44.16%). These results suggest that maximal stretching promoted a higher acute inflammatory response when compared to submaximal stretching due to the greater intensity of the exercises.

Abstract Resistance training (RT) is an alternative exercise modality that can promote and preserve the physical health and independence of older people during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this integrative review was to analyze the scientific production related to RT recommendations aiming at enhancing the functional performance and muscle function in older people during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sensitive searches were conducted in MEDLINE / PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science using the descriptors “coronavirus infection” and “resistance training”. Articles published in English, Spanish, or Portuguese were considered without date restriction. Results: In the initial search, 139 articles were retrieved; 13 were pre-selected and 7 were eligible considering the research question. The evidence presented suggests that home RT through bodyweight-based exercises represents an effective intervention strategy that positively impacts on the quality of life in older people.

Resumo O treinamento de resistência muscular (TR) constitui uma modalidade alternativa de exercício para promover e preservar a saúde física e independência dos idosos durante a pandemia do COVID-19. O objetivo desta revisão integrativa foi analisar a produção científica em relação as recomendações do TR para melhoria da função muscular e desempenho funcional em idosos em face da COVID-19. Foi realizada uma busca sensibilizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE / PubMed, Embase e Web of Science, sem restrição de data, nos idiomas inglês, espanhol e português, com os descritores: infecção por coronavírus (coronavirus infections) e treinamento de resistência (resistance training). Foram recuperados inicialmente 139 artigos; 13 artigos foram pré-selecionados e 7 elegíveis quanto a pergunta de pesquisa. As evidências apresentadas sugerem que a prática do TR, domiciliar, por meio de exercícios de fortalecimento com o peso do próprio corpo, constitui uma estratégia de intervenção eficiente que impacta positivamente na qualidade de vida dos idosos.

Resumo Objetivou-se investigar os efeitos de 12 semanas de treinamento da flexibilidade com diferentes intensidades na amplitude de movimento (ADM), para a flexão e extensão horizontal de ombro (FHO e EHO) e flexão da coluna lombar (FCL), em militares. Foram avaliados 90 alunos (17,02 ± 1,24 anos) e divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos, com 30 participantes cada: alongamento (GA), facilitação neuromuscular proprioceptiva (GFNP) e controle (GC). A amplitude articular foi verificada mediante a goniometria através do Protocolo LABIFIE e, para tal, utilizou o goniômetro de aço 360º “Lafayette Goniometer Set” – EUA, como instrumento de mensuração. Utilizou-se a Escala de Esforço Percebido na Flexibilidade – PERFLEX (0 – 110) para controlar a intensidade durante o GA (31- 60) por um período de 5 segundos, e GFNP (61 e 80) por 8 segundos de insistência para cada fase. Foram realizadas 3 séries com intervalo de cinco segundos entre as mesmas. A análise comparativa dos níveis de amplitude articular definida pela Análise de Variância (Anova one way) em combinação ao teste Post Hoc de Turkey, apontou diferenças apenas no GFNP: FHO (∆%=4,6; p=0,001); EHO (%∆=8,6; p=0,002); FCL, (∆%=56,1; p=0,001). Concluiu-se que o treinamento através da FNP alcançou maiores índices de desenvolvimento da ADM, quando comparado ao alongamento.

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a 12-week flexibility training at different intensities on range of motion (ROM), horizontal shoulder flexion and extension (HSF and HSE) and lumber spine flexion (LSF) in military personnel. The sample consisted of 90 students (17.02 ± 1.24 years) randomly allocated into three groups of 30 participants each: stretching (SG) proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNFG) and control (CG). Joint range was measured by goniometry using the LABIFIE protocol and the Lafayette Goniometer Set (360º)– USA as measuring instrument. The scale of perceived exertion in flexibility – PERFLEX (0 – 110) was applied to control intensity in the SG (31- 60) for 5 seconds and the PNFG (61 and 80) for 8 seconds for each phase. Three series, five seconds apart, were conducted. Comparative analysis of joint range levels determined by analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) and Tukey’s post-hoc test revealed differences only in PNFG: HSF (∆%=4.6; p=0.001); HSE (%∆=8.6; p=0.002); LSF (∆%=56.1; p=0.001). It was concluded that PNF training achieved higher ROM when compared to stretching.

Resumen -

This review aims to analyze and synthesize the scientific evidence on the effects of physical exercise on the precaution of COVID-19 and the main recommendations on the practice of physical activity during and after the pandemic. A search was carried out with the MEDLINE / PUBMED, Cochrane, Web of Science and Scopus databases, and manual searches in journals, in the references of the selected studies, in addition to the use of pre-print studies. The initial search totaled 1026 records. After the exclusion by title, summary, duplicates and full reading, 13 publications remained, in addition to another 10 studies selected manually, totaling 23 publications. After analyzing the results, the evidence was categorized according to: the effects of physical exercise on viral respiratory infections, the impact of COVID-19 in relation to physical inactivity, physical and mental health, precautions and recommendations on regular physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic and recommendations on post-pandemic physical activity. Most evidence recommends regular moderate physical activity during and after the pandemic. However, more specific recommendations on intensity, type of exercise, sets and duration of training need further investigation.

A presente revisão visa analisar e sintetizar as evidências científicas sobre os efeitos do exercício físico na precaução do COVID-19 e as principais recomendações sobre a prática de atividade física durante e após a pandemia. Realizou-se uma busca junto às bases MEDLINE/PUBMED, Cochrane, Web of Science e Scopus, e buscas manuais em periódicos, nas referências dos estudos selecionados, além da utilização de estudos pré-print. A busca inicial totalizou 1026 registros. Após a exclusão por título, resumo, duplicatas e leitura na íntegra restaram 13 publicações, além de mais 10 estudos selecionados manualmente, totalizando 23 publicações. Após análise dos resultados, as evidências foram categorizadas de acordo com: os efeitos do exercício físico sobre infecções respiratórias virais, o impacto do COVID-19 em relação à inatividade física, saúde física e mental, as precauções e recomendações sobre a atividade física regular durante a pandemia do COVID-19 e recomendações sobre atividade física pós pandemia.  A maioria das evidências recomendam a realização de atividade física moderada regular durante e após a pandemia. No entanto, recomendações mais específicas sobre a intensidade, o tipo de exercício, séries e duração do treino precisam de maiores investigações.

Abstract Aim: The aim was to evaluate the effect of sodium bicarbonate supplementation (NaHCO3) in repetition performance, perceived exertion and blood lactate concentration. Methods: Fourteen trained men (25.14 ± 3.5 years; 85.83 ± 10.18 kg; 1.78 ± 0.06 m; 26.88 ± 3.17 kg/m2) realized two upper-body resistance exercise sessions consisting of 15-RM load and 1 minute of the interval, combining bicarbonate supplementation (BS) or Placebo conditions. Results: After the ANOVA analysis, no difference was found on the total number of repetitions during the session on both BS and Placebo condition (p = 0.11). However, a greater number of total of repetitions on the machine chest fly exercise for BS vs. Placebo condition (p = 0.04) was observed. The perceived exertion increased regardless of the supplementation condition (p < 0.0001). Additionally, for the blood lactate was observed significant increases in BS vs. Placebo condition in the post verification (p = 0.013), corroborated for a bigger area under the curve (AUC) on the BS compared to Placebo (p = 0.026) condition. Conclusion: In conclusion, sodium bicarbonate supplementation was not able to improve performance during a resistance exercise session, except for the single-joint exercise performed with high values of perceived exertion, not altering the perceived exertion, and blood lactate between protocols.