This study describes the development and application of a new PCR assay for the specific detection of pathogenic leptospires and its comparison with a previously reported PCR protocol. New primers were designed for PCR optimization and evaluation in artificially-infected paraffin-embedded tissues. PCR was then applied to post-mortem, paraffin-embedded samples, followed by amplicon sequencing. The PCR was more efficient than the reported protocol, allowing the amplification of expected DNA fragment from the artificially infected samples and from 44% of the post-mortem samples. The sequences of PCR amplicons from different patients showed >99% homology with pathogenic leptospires DNA sequences. The applicability of a highly sensitive and specific tool to screen histological specimens for the detection of pathogenic Leptospira spp. would facilitate a better assessment of the prevalence and epidemiology of leptospirosis, which constitutes a health problem in many countries.

El presente estudio describe el desarrollo y aplicación de un nuevo ensayo de PCR para la detección específica de leptospiras patógenas y su comparación con un protocolo reportado previamente. Se diseñaron nuevos cebadores para la optimización y evaluación de la PCR en tejidos embebidos en parafina infectados artificialmente. La PCR se aplicó además a muestras de tejidos embebidos en parafina y se realizó la secuenciación del amplicón resultante. La PCR diseñada fue más eficiente que el protocolo reportado, permitiendo la amplificación del fragmento de ADN esperado en las muestras infectadas artificialmente y del 44% de las muestras post mortem. Se secuenciaron 10 amplicones provenientes de pacientes diferentes. La aplicabilidad de una herramienta altamente sensible y específica en la búsqueda de leptospiras patógenas en especímenes histopatológicos podría facilitar una mejor valoración de la prevalencia y la epidemiología de la leptospirosis, la que constituye un problema de salud en disímiles países.

Four variants of the potassium acetate procedure for DNA extraction from ixodid ticks at different stage of their life cycles were evaluated and compared with phenol-chloroform and ammonium hydroxide methods. The most rapid and most efficient variant was validated in the DNA extraction procedure from the engorged ticks collected from bovine, canine as well as from house ticks for the screening of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Anaplasma spp. and Babesia spp. The ammonium hydroxide procedure was used for non-engorged ticks. All the variants were efficient and allowed obtaining PCR-quality material according to the specific amplification of 16S rRNA gene fragment of the original tick. DNA extracted from the ticks under the study was tested by multiplex PCR for the screening of tick-borne pathogens. Anaplasma spp. and Babesia spp. amplification products were obtained from 29/48 extracts. Ammonium hydroxide protocol was not efficient for two extracts. Detection of amplification products from the PCR indicated that DNA had been successfully extracted. The potassium acetate procedure could be an alternative, rapid, and reliable method for DNA extraction from the ixodid ticks, mainly for poorly-resourced laboratories.