O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de dois nematoides, Steinernema feltiae e S. carpocapsae, no controle de moscas dos cogumelos e avaliar o efeito desses tratamentos na produção de Agaricus bisporus. Foram realizados dois ensaios de cultivo de cogumelos em condições controladas, em substrato previamente infestado pelos dípteros Megaselia halterata e Lycoriella auripila, com dois tratamentos: 106juvenis infectantes (IJ) por metro quadrado de S. feltiae e 0,5x106IJ m-2 de S. feltiae+ 0,5x106IJ m-2 de S. carpocapsae. Foi realizado outro experimento, com uso dos mesmos tratamentos, para avaliar o possível efeito dos nematoides sobre a produção dos cogumelos. Avaliou-se o número de adultos que emergiram no substrato, para cada espécie de mosca. Não foi detectada redução da população de M. halteratacom a aplicação de nematoides, enquanto o número de L.auripila foi reduzido em ambos os tratamentos, particularmente no tratamento individual com S. feltiae. A aplicação de nematoides entomopatogênicos não tem efeito adverso na produção de cogumelos.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of two nematodes, Steinernema feltiae and S. carpocapsae, to control mushroom flies and to evaluate the effect of these treatments on Agaricus bisporus production. Two mushroom cultivation trials were carried out in controlled conditions, in substrate previously infested with the diptera Megaselia halterata and Lycoriella auripila, with two treatments: 106infective juveniles (IJ) per square meter of S. feltiae and 0.5x106IJ m-2S. feltiae + 0.5x106IJ m-2S. carpocapsae. Another experiment was carried out using the same treatments to evaluate the possible nematode effect on mushroom yield. The number of adults emerging from the substrate was evaluated for each fly species. No decrease in the population of M. halterata was detected with nematode application, whereas the number of L. auripila was reduced in both treatments, particularly in the individual treatment with S. feltiae. The application of entomopathogenic nematodes has no adverse effect on mushroom production.

Background: Marked hypertransaminasemia (HT) is not an infrequent situation within clinical practice, which is usually interpreted as primary acute liver damage. The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence, mortality rate and aetiology of marked HT among the general population, and the use therefore as an indicator of primary acute liver damage. Methods: A retrospective study was made of all patients with marked HT (ALT400 IU/L) which were attended over a two-year period at the Healthcare Department nº 11 in the Autonomous Community of Valencia. The computerized medical records and the results of the different supplementary examinations made were reviewed, and an analysis was made of different variables: clinical diagnosis and evolution, other liver function-related biochemical parameters and autoimmune and infection serology markers. Results: A total of 414 patients with marked HT were identified (incidence of 88 cases/100,000 inhab./year), 73 of whom died (mortality rate of 16 deaths/100,000 inhab./year). Of the twenty aetiologies found, the most frequent were extrahepatic cholestasis (28.3%), hypoxic hepatopathy (14.6%) and sepsis (11.9%). The positive predictive value of marked HT as an indicator of primary acute liver damage was 27.7%. Conclusions: Marked HT is a disorder having a remarkable incidence rate among the general population, entailing a high mortality rate. Its aetiology is widely varied, being however the extrahepatic origin predominant

Fundamento: La hipertransaminasemia (HT) marcada es una situación no infrecuente en la práctica clínica, que suele interpretarse como lesión hepática aguda primaria. Los objetivos del estudio fueron determinar la incidencia, tasa de mortalidad y etiología de la HT marcada en la población general, y su utilidad como indicadora de daño hepático agudo primario. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo los pacientes con HT marcada (ALT 400 U/L) atendidos durante un periodo de 2 años en los centros sanitarios del Departamento 11 de la Comunidad Valenciana. Se revisaron las historias clínicas informatizadas y los resultados de los diversos exámenes complementarios efectuados, analizándose diversas variables: diagnóstico clínico y evolución, otros parámetros bioquímicos de función hepática, y marcadores de serología infecciosa y autoinmunidad. Resultados: Se identificaron 414 pacientes con HT marcada (incidencia de 88 casos/100.000 hab./año), de los cuales 73 fallecieron (tasa de mortalidad de 16 fallecidos/100.000 hab/año). De las veinte etiologías encontradas, las más frecuentes fueron la colestasis extrahepática (28,3%), la hepatopatía hipóxica (14,6%) y la sepsis (11,9%). El valor predictivo positivo de la HT marcada como indicador de lesión hepática aguda primaria fue del 27,7%. Conclusiones: La HT marcada es una alteración de notable incidencia en la población general y que lleva asociada una elevada tasa de mortalidad. Su etiología es muy diversa, aunque predomina la de origen extrahepático.

Background: Marked hypertransaminasemia (HT) is not an infrequent situation within clinical practice, which is usually interpreted as primary acute liver damage. The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence, mortality rate and aetiology of marked HT among the general population, and the use therefore as an indicator of primary acute liver damage. Methods: A retrospective study was made of all patients with marked HT (ALT400 IU/L) which were attended over a two-year period at the Healthcare Department nº 11 in the Autonomous Community of Valencia. The computerized medical records and the results of the different supplementary examinations made were reviewed, and an analysis was made of different variables: clinical diagnosis and evolution, other liver function-related biochemical parameters and autoimmune and infection serology markers. Results: A total of 414 patients with marked HT were identified (incidence of 88 cases/100,000 inhab./year), 73 of whom died (mortality rate of 16 deaths/100,000 inhab./year). Of the twenty aetiologies found, the most frequent were extrahepatic cholestasis (28.3%), hypoxic hepatopathy (14.6%) and sepsis (11.9%). The positive predictive value of marked HT as an indicator of primary acute liver damage was 27.7%. Conclusions: Marked HT is a disorder having a remarkable incidence rate among the general population, entailing a high mortality rate. Its aetiology is widely varied, being however the extrahepatic origin predominant

Fundamento: La hipertransaminasemia (HT) marcada es una situación no infrecuente en la práctica clínica, que suele interpretarse como lesión hepática aguda primaria. Los objetivos del estudio fueron determinar la incidencia, tasa de mortalidad y etiología de la HT marcada en la población general, y su utilidad como indicadora de daño hepático agudo primario. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo los pacientes con HT marcada (ALT 400 U/L) atendidos durante un periodo de 2 años en los centros sanitarios del Departamento 11 de la Comunidad Valenciana. Se revisaron las historias clínicas informatizadas y los resultados de los diversos exámenes complementarios efectuados, analizándose diversas variables: diagnóstico clínico y evolución, otros parámetros bioquímicos de función hepática, y marcadores de serología infecciosa y autoinmunidad. Resultados: Se identificaron 414 pacientes con HT marcada (incidencia de 88 casos/100.000 hab./año), de los cuales 73 fallecieron (tasa de mortalidad de 16 fallecidos/100.000 hab/año). De las veinte etiologías encontradas, las más frecuentes fueron la colestasis extrahepática (28,3%), la hepatopatía hipóxica (14,6%) y la sepsis (11,9%). El valor predictivo positivo de la HT marcada como indicador de lesión hepática aguda primaria fue del 27,7%. Conclusiones: La HT marcada es una alteración de notable incidencia en la población general y que lleva asociada una elevada tasa de mortalidad. Su etiología es muy diversa, aunque predomina la de origen extrahepático.