OBJETIVOS: avaliar a possível relação dos padrões respiratórios e dos tipos faciais com as grandezas da análise de Ricketts - CF-N.CF-A, Po-Or.ENA-ENP, CF-Go, CF-Xi.Po-Or, Xi-Pm, N-P.Go-M, A-NP, Po-Or.Na - e as grandezas da Nasofaringe e da Bucofaringe propostas por McNamara; dos tipos faciais com os padrões respiratórios e dos padrões respiratórios com as variáveis do Vert. MÉTODOS: a amostra consistiu de 88 telerradiografias em norma lateral de brasileiros leucodermas, dos gêneros masculino e feminino, entre 7 e 13 anos (média de idade 10,5 anos), sendo 45 respiradores bucais e 43 nasais. O método cefalométrico computadorizado abrangeu a análise das grandezas para determinação do tipo facial, segundo Ricketts (Índice Vert). Aplicou-se a avaliação do erro do método pela fórmula de Dahlberg (média = 0,52), seguida das avaliações estatísticas teste "t" de Student e Pearson product correlative coefficient test (p < 0,05). RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: observou-se ausência de alterações estatisticamente significativas das variáveis quando relacionadas aos padrões respiratórios, e presença de diferenças estatisticamente significativas das variáveis Convexidade do ponto A, Altura posterior da face, Profundidade da maxila, Cone facial, Comprimento do corpo e Nasofaringe quando relacionadas aos tipos braqui e dolicofaciais. As variáveis Cone facial e Comprimento do corpo também apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os tipos braquifacial e mesofacial. A variável Cone facial apresentou diferenças significativas entre todos os tipos faciais; o tipo braquifacial apresentou correlação significativa (p = 0,011) com o padrão de respiração nasal e a variável Profundidade facial apresentou diferença estatisticamente significativa (p = 0,028) quando relacionada aos padrões respiratórios.

AIM: To assess the possible relation of respiratory patterns and facial types with linear and angular variables of the Ricketts analysis - CF-N.CF-A, Po-Or.ENA-ENP, CF-Go, CF-Xi.Po-Or, Xi-Pm, N-P.Go-M, A-NP, Po-Or.Na - and the Nasopharynx and Oropharynx linear variables proposed by McNamara; and of the facial types with the respiratory patterns, and the respiratory patterns with the Vert variables. METHODS: The sample consisted of 88 lateral teleradiographs of Brazilian leucoderm boys and girls, ranging from 7 to 12 years of age (mean age 10.5 years) of whom 45 were mouth-breathers and 43 nasal breathers. The computerized cephalometric method covered analysis of the variables to determine the facial type, according to Ricketts (Vert Index). After the measurements were taken, assessment of the method error by the Dahlberg formula was applied (mean = 0.52), followed by t Student and chi-square tests (p < 0.05) statistical assessments. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: There were no statistically significant alterations in the variables when related to the respiratory patterns; there were statistically significant differences in the following variables: Convexity of point A, Posterior face height, Maxilla depth, Facial cone, Corpus length and Nasopharynx when related to the brachyfacial and dolicofacial types. The variables Facial cone and Corpus length also presented significant differences between the brachyfacial and mesofacial types, and the variable Facial cone presented significant differences among all the facial types; the brachyfacial type presented significant correlation (p = 0.011) with the nasal respiratory pattern; and Facial depth presented statistically significant difference (p = 0.028) when related to the respiratory patterns.

Through a transversal epidemiological study, conducted with 333 Brazilian children, males (157) and females (176), aged 3 to 6 years old, enrolled in a public preschool, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of the different types of vertical interincisal trespass (VIT) and the relationship between these occlusal aspects and anterior lisping and/or anterior tongue thrust in the articulation of the lingua-alveolar phonemes /t/, /d/, /n/ and /l/. All children involved were submitted to a VIT examination and to a speech evaluation. Statistical significance was analyzed through the Qui-square test, at a significance level of 0.05 (95% confidence limit). The quantitative analysis of the data demonstrated the following prevalences: 1 - the different types of VIT: 48.3% for normal overbite (NO), 22.5% for deep overbite (DO), 9.3% for edge to edge (ETE) and 19.8% for open bite (OB); 2 - interdental lisping in relation to the different types of VIT: 42% for NO, 12.5% for DO, 12.5% for ETE, 32.9% for OB; and 3 - children with anterior tongue thrust in the articulation of lingua-alveolar phonemes in relation to the different types of VIT: 42.1% for NO, 14% for DO, 10.5% for ETE, 33.3% for OB. The results demonstrated that there was a significant relationship between open bite and anterior lisping and/or anterior tongue thrust in the articulation of the lingua-alveolar phonemes /t/, /d/, /n/ and /l/; and that there was a significant relationship between deep overbite and the absence of anterior lisping and anterior tongue thrust in the articulation of the lingua-alveolar phonemes.

OBJETIVOS: este estudo transversal foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar cefalometricamente a correlação da anatomia da base craniana com o padrão facial e as bases apicais. METODOLOGIA: foram utilizadas 88 telerradiografias de norma lateral de jovens leucodermas brasileiros com média de idade de 10,3 anos. Utilizou-se o índice VERT de Ricketts para a determinação do padrão facial, distribuindo a amostra em: 37 para o grupo M (mesofaciais), 34 para o grupo D (dolicofaciais) e 17 para o grupo B (braquifaciais). Realizaram-se, manualmente: o desenho anatômico, a demarcação de pontos, o traçado de linhas e planos e a aferição de medidas lineares e angulares. As medidas da base do crânio utilizadas foram S-N, N.S.Ba e S-N.Po-Or, e as medidas das bases apicais foram S.N.A, S.N.B e A.N.B. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: concluiu-se que, na correlação entre a base craniana e o padrão facial, houve significância entre a variável N.S.Ba e o índice VERT. Na correlação entre a base craniana e as bases apicais, houve significância entre N.S.Ba e as variáveis S.N.A e S.N.B, e entre S-N.Po-Or e as variáveis S.N.A e S.N.B.

AIM: This cross-sectional study was conducted with the object of making a cephalometric evaluation of the cranial base anatomy correlation with the facial pattern and apical bases. METHODS: 88 lateral teleradiographies of young white Brazilian with mean age of 10.3 years were used. The Ricketts VERT index was used to determine the facial pattern, and the sample was distributed as follows: 37 in group M (mesofacial), 34 in group D (dolicofacial) and 17 in group B (brachyfacial). The anatomic drawing, demarcation of points, line and plane tracings, and linear and angular measurement gauging were done manually. The cranial base measurements used were S-N, N.S.Ba and S-N.Po-Or and the apical base measurements were S.N.A, S.N.B and A.N.B. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: It was concluded that, in the correlation between the cranial base and the facial pattern, there was significance between the variable N.S.Ba and the VERT Index. In the correlation between the cranial base and the apical bases, there was significance between N.S.Ba and the variables S.N.A and S.N.B, and between S-N.Po-Or and the variables S.N.A and S.N.B.

OBJETIVO: Realizou-se um estudo cefalométrico, em telerradiografias, objetivando-se determinar os efeitos no complexo craniofacial de pacientes com más oclusões de Classe II, divisão 1 submetidos ao tratamento com o aparelho de Herbst com cantiléver. METODOLOGIA: Para tanto, utilizou-se uma amostra composta por dois grupos, sendo um experimental e um controle. O grupo experimental originou-se da Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru - USP, com 25 pacientes tratados com o aparelho ortopédico funcional e a idade inicial média de 12,01 anos. O grupo de controle, pareado cronologicamente ao grupo experimental, foi composto por pacientes não tratados ortodonticamente e/ou ortopedicamente, oriundos do arquivo de documentações denominado Burlington Growth Centre, localizado na Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de Toronto, Canadá. Para cada componente dos dois grupos, obtiveram-se as telerradiografias ao início (T1) e ao final (T2) do período de tratamento ou de observação, sendo traçadas manualmente e digitalizadas para um programa de cefalometria. Foram estabelecidas 33 grandezas cefalométricas. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: A comparação estatística entre o grupo experimental e o grupo controle (teste t de Student, com nível de significância p<0,05) evidenciou que a terapia corrigiu, em curto prazo, a má oclusão inicial, com grandes alterações dentoalveolares, em decorrência da perda substancial de ancoragem dentária, mesializando os molares inferiores e vestibularizando os incisivos inferiores. A terapia restringiu o desenvolvimento normal no sentido vertical dos dentes póstero-superiores, contribuindo decisivamente para a correção da relação molar de Classe II e manutenção do padrão de crescimento craniofacial dos pacientes.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the treatment effects on the craniofacial growth of Class II patients treated with Herbst appliance. METHODOLOGY: The sample was comprised of two groups, one experimental and one control group. The experimental group originated from Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo. This consisted of 25 patients treated by the Herbst appliance, with an initial mean age of 12,01 years. The control group, matched by age with the experimental group, was originated from the Burlington Growth Centre, located at the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Canada. All patients were assessed at the beginning (T1) and at the end of the treatment or observation period (T2) and 33 cephalometric variables were established. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The statistical comparison between the experimental group and the control group (Student t test) showed in short-term fashion, the correction of the initial malocclusion with pronounced dental changes (loss anchorage). The effect in inhibiting the vertical development of the maxillary first molars, essential characteristic to correct the Class II molar relationship and to maintain the craniofacial growth pattern, was shown with the therapy.

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to compare the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in individuals submitted to either orthodontic or ortho-surgical Class III malocclusion treatment and to assess the influence of occlusal aspects on TMD severity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 50 individuals divided into two groups, according to the type of treatment (orthodontic or orthodontic with orthognathic surgery). The presence of signs and symptoms of TMD was evaluated by an anamnestic questionnaire and a clinical examination, including TMJ and muscle palpation, active mandibular range of motion, joint noises and occlusal examination. RESULTS: Based on the anamnestic questionnaire, 48% had no TMD, 42% had mild TMD and 10% had moderate TMD. The presence and severity of TMD did not show any relationship with the type of orthodontic treatment (p>0.05). The chi-square test showed a positive association (p<0.05) between TMD and non-working side occlusal interferences. CONCLUSION: Based on the methodology used and the results obtained, it may be concluded that Class III orthodontic treatment was not associated with the presence of TMD signs and symptoms and the non-working side contacts can be occlusal factors of risk. There was no significant difference in TMD prevalence between the studied groups (orthodontically treated patients and patients treated with orthodontics followed by orthognathic surgery).