RESUMO A podridão negra da mandioca causada por Scytalidium lignicola vem se tornando uma doença importante para os estados produtores devido a grandes perdas de produção. Por isso o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de fontes e doses de matéria orgânica isolada e adicionada a solo arenoso sob a supressividade do crescimento micelial de S. lignicola CMM 1098. Foram realizados dois experimentos o primeiro foi visando avaliar o efeito dos extratos de materiais orgânico (cama de aviário, esterco caprino, bovino e húmus de minhoca) incorporados ao meio de cultura batata-dextrose-ágar (BDA) nas concentrações (10, 20, 30 e 40%) (v/v) e o segundo foi avaliar o efeito dos materiais orgânicos misturados com solo arenoso com as mesmas fontes e doses. A fonte cama de aviário foi a mais eficiente em inibir o crescimento micelial de S. lignicola a uma dose 40%, com uma inibição do crescimento micelial de 69,75% apenas quando os extratos não foram autoclavados. Cama de aviário não autoclavado nas doses igual ou superior a 30% foi eficiente na supressividade do crescimento micelial de S. lignicola CMM 1098. Solo arenoso não autoclavados adicionado à fontes e doses de matéria orgânica são altamente eficientes na supressividade do crescimento de S. linicola CMM 1098.

ABSTRACT Cassava root rot caused by Scytalidium lignicola has become an important disease for producing states due to large production losses. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sources and levels of organic matter alone and added to sandy soil under suppressiveness to S. lignicola CMM 1098 mycelial growth. Two experiments were conducted, the first one was to evaluate the effect of organic extracts (poultry litter, goat manure, cattle and earthworm excrements) added to the culture medium potato dextrose agar (PDA) at different concentrations (10, 20, 30 and 40%) (v / v), while the second experiment was to evaluate the effect of organic materials mixed with sandy soil, using the same sources and concentrations. The source poultry litter was most effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth of S. lignicola at a concentration of 40%, inhibiting the mycelial growth by 69.75% only when extracts were not autoclaved. Non-autoclaved poultry litter at levels starting from 30% was efficient in suppressing S. lignicola CMM 1098 mycelial growth. Non-autoclaved sandy soil added to different sources and levels of organic matter is highly efficient for suppressiveness to S. lignicola CMM 1098 growth.

RESUMO: O umbuzeiro é uma frutífera importante para o nordeste do Brasil porque está sendo utilizada em áreas de reflorestamento e tem potencial econômico. Entretanto, existe uma lacuna a respeito das técnicas de propagação desta cultura, etapa crucial para o bom desenvolvimento da planta. Nesse contexto, este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de substratos alternativos sobre o crescimento de porta-enxerto de umbuzeiro e sobre atributos de fertilidade e populações microbianas dessas misturas. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com dez tratamentos: TA= solo + areia (1:1); A= areia; ECSC= esterco caprino + Plantmax(r) (1:3); EBSC= esterco bovino + Plantmax(r) (1:3); ECA= esterco caprino + areia (1:3); EBA= esterco bovino + areia(1:3); ECBSC= esterco caprino + esterco bovino + Plantmax(r) (1:1:3); ECBA = esterco caprino + esterco bovino + areia (1:1:3); HSC = húmus + Plantmax(r) (1:3) e HA = húmus + areia (1:3), com quatro repetições. A adição de resíduos promoveu uma melhoria na qualidade da produção de porta-enxerto de umbuzeiro, principalmente quando adicionados ao substrato comercial que é a base de matéria orgânica de origem vegetal e vermiculita expandida. Com a análise multivariada de agrupamento perceberam-se três grupos de similaridade. Recomenda-se a utilização de húmus de minhoca ou esterco caprino adicionado ao substrato comercial na produção de porta-enxerto de umbuzeiro.

ABSTRACT: The umbu is an important fruit for the northeast of Brazil because it is being used in reforestation areas and has great economic potential. However, there is a gap on propagation techniques of this culture that is a crucial step for the successful of plant development. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of alternative substrate on the growth of umbu rootstock, fertility attributes, and microbial populations of these mixtures.The experimental design was completely randomized with 10 treatments: TA = soil + sand (1:1); A = sand; ECSC = goat manure + Plantmax(r) (1:3); EBSC = manure + Plantmax(r) (1:3); ECA = goat manure + sand (1:3); EBA = manure + sand (1:3); ECBSC = manure + goat manure + Plantmax(r)(1:1:3); ECBA = manure + goat manure + sand (1:1:3); HSC = humus + Plantmax(r)(1:3) and HA = humus + sand (1:3),with four replications. The addition of residues promoted the quality of the umbu rootstock, especially when mixed with a commercial substrate composed of vegetable organic matter and expanded vermiculite. With multivariate clustering, three groups acknowledged a similarity between the substrate mixtures. The use of humus or goat manure mixed with the commercial substrate is recommended for the production of umbu rootstock.

Agroforestry systems are an alternative option for sustainable production management. These systems contain trees that absorb nutrients from deeper layers of the soil and leaf litter that help improve the soil quality of the rough terrain in high altitude areas, which are areas extremely susceptible to environmental degradation. The aim of this study was to characterize the stock and nutrients in litter, soil activity and the population of microorganisms in coffee (Coffea arabica L.) plantations under high altitude agroforestry systems in the semi-arid region of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Samples were collected from the surface litter together with soil samples taken at two depths (0-10 and 10-20 cm) from areas each subject to one of the following four treatments: agroforestry system (AS), native forest (NF), biodynamic system (BS) and coffee control (CT).The coffee plantation had been abandoned for nearly 15 years and, although there had been no management or harvesting, still contained productive coffee plants. The accumulation of litter and mean nutrient content of the litter, the soil nutrient content, microbial biomass carbon, total carbon, total nitrogen, C/N ratio, basal respiration, microbial quotient, metabolic quotient and microbial populations (total bacteria, fluorescent bacteria group, total fungi and Trichoderma spp.) were all analyzed. The systems thatwere exposed to human intervention (A and BS) differed in their chemical attributes and contained higher levels of nutrients when compared to NF and CT. BS for coffee production at high altitude can be used as a sustainable alternative in the high altitude zones of the semi-arid region in Brazil, which is an area that is highly susceptible to environmental degradation.