Abstract There is little research about walnuts with the certification of protected geographical indications (PGIs), especially about iron walnut. In this study, the comparison of phytochemical profiles for common walnut (Juglans. regia) and iron walnut (Juglans. sigillata) with PGIs was investigated. The results showed that common walnut has advantage in polyunsaturated fatty acids (71.43%), polyphenols (39.65 mg/g), and flavonoids (21.72 mg/g), while iron walnut has advantage in α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol (22.13 mg/kg and 420.72 mg/kg) and nutritive elements (Mn, Ba, Ni). Additionally, significant differences of palmitoleic acid, arachidic acid, eicosenoic acid, and flavonoids were existed in the two species walnuts, with highest variances of 87.05%. Compared with walnuts in other reports, walnuts with protected geographical indications have a higher level of beneficial fatty acids, especially for monounsaturated fatty acid. Finally, highly positive correlations were observed among amino acids for all analyzed walnuts, and oleic acid was negatively correlated with linoleic acid.

The aim of this study was to determine the sixteen rare earth elements (REEs) in twelve types of popular flower herb teas and their infusions consumed in China. Microwave-assisted acid digestion was used for all of the samples, and the contents of these elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The concentrations of REEs varied from 94.6 to 7492 µg kg-1 among these flower samples. Ce was the most abundant elements in all flower samples (27.3-3016 µg kg-1). The leached ratios of REEs for each type of tea ranged from 7.3% (globe amaranth) to 29.8% (carnation). The leach ratios of REEs in these flower herb teas were at different percentages depending on types of flowers. The daily intake of rare earth oxides from these flower herb tea infusions may not produce any health risks.