Foi estudado o LCR de 85 pacientes com AIDS e criptococose do SNC. O diagnóstico clínico e imunológico de AIDS foi previamente estabelecido em todos os casos. Os resultados foram comparados aos de grupo de 50 paciestes com neurocriptococose porém sem AIDS (grupo não-AIDS). Neste grupo 22 pacientes eram imunossuprimidos após transplante renal. Nos pacientes do grupo AIDS predominavam no LCR: detecção da levedura no exame direto (câmara de Fuchs-Rosenthal de contagem de células), culturas da levedura positivas e aumento do teor de globulinas gama. No grupo não-AIDS predominavam: pleocitose, presença de polinucleares neutrófilos e aumento da concentração protéica total. As diferenças encontradas entre os dois grupos são discutidas, salientando-se as modificações imunes induzidas no SNC/LCR pelo HIV. Conclui-se que na neurocriptococose em pacientes com AIDS o LCR evidenciou mais a infecção pelo fungo que a resposta inflamatória à infecção. Esta última predominou no LCR de pacientes do grupo neurocriptococose não-AIDS.

In an eight years time period (July 1984-June 1992) CSF samples of 40718 patients were studied, and 610 were from patients with AIDS clinically diagnosed and immunologically confirmed through HIV antibodies detection. Among opportunistic infections detected in them 85 were CNS cryptococcosis. For the purpose of this study the CSF of these 85 patients are the AIDS group of CNS cryptococcosis. For comparison, CSF data from 50 patients with CNS cryptococcosis but without AIDS were taken (non-AIDS group); in this group, 22 patients were immunosuppressed after renal transplant. In AIDS group, the more frequent CSF findings were: yeast presence at direct exam (Fuchs-Rosenthal cell counting chamber), growing of the yeast in cultures, and gamma globulins increase. In non-AIDS group were more frequent: hypereytosis, neutrophil cells presence, and total protein increase. Differences between the two groups are discussed taking into account CNS/CSF immune changes induced by HIV infection. It is concluded that in CNS cryptococcosis of patients with AIDS the CSF evidenced more extensive signs of the fungal opportunistic infection than signs of inflammatory response to the infection. The latter were more prominent among patients of the non-AIDS group of CNS cryptococcosis.

Neste relato preliminar os autores registram a constatação de alta prevalência de soropositividade para anticorpos dirigidos ao HTLV-I detectados pelo método de Western-blot (37,5%) em amostra de 16 pacientes brasileiros com mielopatias crônicas de causa não determinada.

In this preliminary report the authors present the finding of a high prevalence (37.5%) of seropositivity of antibodies to HTLV-I tested by Western blotting in a sample of 16 Brazilian patients with chronic myelopathies of undetermined origin.

Avaliação dos resultados de estudo prospectivo da evolução de 100 pacientes com neurocisticercose (NC) aos quais foi administrado praziquantel (PZQ). A evolução foi avaliada por mais de dois anos em 63 casos (máximo 118 meses) e levou em conta os aspectos clínicos, da TC e do LCR. Resultados favoráveis predominaram (72,5%), particularmente entre aqueles pacientes nos quais as manifestações clínicas da NC não eram acompanhadas de hipertensão intracraniana de caráter permanente e progressivo. Os resultados obtidos são favoráveis à indicação do PZQ em pacientes com NC.

Evaluation of results observed in a prospective study on the long term follow-up of 100 patients with neurocysticercosis (NC) is reported. Praziquantel (PZQ) was administered to the patients at their admission to the study. Follow-up time was over two years in 63 patients (maximum 118 months). Clinical conditions, TC findings and CSF changes were taken into account for the evaluation. Patients were evaluated periodically during the follow-up. Sactisfatory results predominate (72.5%). Sactisfatory results maintain a close relationship with clinical forms of the disease: good results predominate among those patients with clinical manifestations of NC which are not marked by intracranial hypertension of progressive character. Results of this long term follow-up evaluation favour the administration of PZQ to patients with NC.

Foram estudados 35 casos de neurocriptococose, 17 dos quais em pacientes submetidos a transplante renal. O objetivo foi avaliar a resposta terapêutica observada no grupo de pacientes transplantados renais com neurocriptococose, com ênfase à função renal, submetidos a esquema medicamentoso que inclui a anfotericina B. A resposta observada foi comparada aos resultados obtidos no grupo dos demais pacientes com a mesma infecção, submetidos ao mesmo esquema medicamentoso, porém sem insuficiência renal prévia. Dos 35 pacientes, 10 faleceram nos primeiros dias do tratamento e, assim, 25 foram efetivamente tratados para neurocriptococose. Destes 25, 18 apresentavam outra condição clínica associada, sendo esta transplante renal em 15 deles. Os medicamentos utilizados basicamente foram a anfotericina B intravenosa e intra-raqueana associada à 5-fluorocitosina via oral. Sete pacientes faleceram durante o tratamento. Assim, dos 35 pacientes que inicialmente compunham a casuística, 17 faleceram (48,57%) e 18 foram tratados com sucesso, nenhum deles apresentando recidiva. As intercorrências observadas durante o tratamento são discutidas e é feita correlação dos dados obtidos neste estudo aos disponíveis na literatura. A análise dos resultados obtidos permite ressaltar: a necessidade do surgimento de medicamentos mais eficazes e menos tóxicos para a terapêutica da neurocriptococose, sendo até o momento a anfotericina B o principal medicamento existente; o esquema terapêutico atualmente indicado consiste na associação anfotericina B e 5-fluorocitosina, havendo vantagens na utilização simultânea da anfotericina B pelas vias intravenosa e intra-raqueana. A análise dos resultados permite concluir por não haver contra-indicação ao uso da anfotericina B por via intravenosa em transplantados renais com neurocriptococose.

Thirty-five cases of cryptococcosis of the central nervous system (CNS) were studied, 17 of them submitted to renal transplantation. The objective was to evaluate the therapeutic responses observed in the group of kidney transplant patients with CNS cryptococcosis. They were submitted to amphotericin B therapy, with emphasis to the renal function. The results in this group were compared with the outcome in the group of patients with the same infection, submitted to the same therapeutic scheme, but without previous impairment of renal function. Among the 35 patients, 20 were male; the age varied between 4 and 76 years. Associated clinical conditions were noticed in 25 patients, 17 of them with renal transplantation. Among 35 patients, 10 died in the first days of the treatment; 25 patients were effectively treated for CNS cryptococcosis, 18 of them with associated clinical conditions; 15 were kidney transplant patients. The drugs used in the treatment of CNS cryptococcosis were, as possible, the amphotericin B by intravenous and intrathecal route (lumbar puncture) associated with 5-fluorocytosine. Seven patients died during the treatment; then, of the 35 patients who were initially evaluated, 17 died and 18 were successfully treated, with a death rate of 48.57%. Various intercurrences were observed with the use of amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine. The clinical and therapeutic results recorded in this study were compared with the information met in literature. The analysis of the results emphasizes the need of the discovery of better and less toxic drugs than those currently used. Amphotericin B still is the most important drug in the treatment of CNS cryptococcosis and the therapeutic scheme currently recommended consists in the association of amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine, and there has been also advantage in the simultaneous use of intravenous and intrathecal amphotericin B. Statistical analysis of the results showed that there is no harm with the use of intravenous amphotericin b in renal transplanted patients with cryptococcosis of the central nervous system.

Para avaliar a informação que pode ser obtida mediante o estudo do líquido cefalorraqueano (LCR) em acidentes vasculares cerebrais (AVC) foram analisados os dados de 1500 casos. Três tipos fundamentais de AVC podem ser considerados do ponto de vista do LCR: AVC LCR tipo 1, sem hemácias e sem xantocromia (incolor); AVC LCR tipo 2, sem hemácias e com xantocromia; AVC LCR tipo 3, com hemácias e com xantocromia. Os dados quanto a cada grupo são discutidos bem como suas correlações. O papel de alterações metabólicas sistêmicas, da barreira hêmato-encefálica e do comprometimento do parênquima do sistema nervoso central são discutidos na interpretação dos achados. Considerações finais são feitas quanto à utilidade do estudo do LCR em AVC frente a avanços em outras técnicas de investigação, como as de neuroimagem.

In order to evaluate information on acute stroke through the study of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) data em 1500 patients were analysed in the first 48 hours following stroke. Cases were distributed in three groups according to CSF basic findings: type 1, CSF without erythrocytes and without xanthochromy; type 2, CSF without erythrocytes and with xanthochromy; tipe 3, CSF with erythrocytes and with xanthocromy. Data on each type are discussed as well as correlation findings. Systemic metabolic disturbances, blood-brain barrier impairment and central nervous system lesions are discussed as to the role they have in CSF changes observed in stroke. Indication of CSF exam in stroke is reviewed taking into account progress in neuroimaging techniques.

Relato da avaliação do emprego do derivado pirazino-isoquinoleínico Praziquantel em 20 pacientes com neurocisticercose observados entre julho-1979 e outubro-1980. É considerado haver atuação do medicamento sobre os cisticercos que infestam o sistema nervoso em função de ocorrer exacerbação transitória da resposta inflamatória própria à síndrome do LCR na neurocisticercose, a qual é coincidente ao uso da droga. Há interferência de corticosteróides nessa resposta, quando utilizados concomitantemente. Os resultados sugerem ser necessário utilizar maiores doses de Praziquantel e/ou maior período de tratamento para obter atuação mais efetiva sobre os parasitas.

The effectiveness of praziquantel on the infestation of the central nervous system by Cysticercus cellulosae is evaluated considering observations of 20 patients followed from July, 1979 and October, 1980. Two series of 6 day oral administration of the drug were scheduled for each patient: 20 mg/kg/day were given to the first 10 patients in the two series and 30 mg/kg/day to the second 10 patients in the two series. Transient exhacerbation of the cerebrospinal fluid changes proper to neurocysticercosis coincidental the series of medication was the mainline to consider the results. Cytologic aspects of this response was previously reported, and the remarkable participation of eosinophil cells was pointed out. It occurred in 15 patients. Corticosteroids interfere both is the intensity and in the type of this response. Data support the action of praziquantel on cysticerci which parasites the central nervous system and suggest the use of larger doses of the drug and/or a larger period of administration to obtain more effective results.