Introducción. Debido a la importancia que tiene la vigilancia entomológica como principal medida de control en el manejo de la leishmaniasis visceral, es necesario contar con información actualizada acerca de la distribución y ecología de los insectos involucrados en la transmisión para optimizar las estrategias de prevención. Objetivo. Presentar la distribución actualizada geo-referenciada de L. longipalpis y L. evansi, vectores de los parásitos que causan leishmaniasis visceral en Colombia, teniendo en cuenta la asociación de los insectos con su hábitat. Materiales y métodos. Los registros de distribución se obtuvieron a partir de los ejemplares recolectados en Colombia desde 1967. La información obtenida se organizó en una base de datos a partir de la cual se tomaron las localidades que, posteriormente, fueron sometidas a análisis geográficos por medio de Arc View que se utilizaron para realizar los mapas de distribución. Resultados. Para L. longipalpis se obtuvieron 40 localidades todas distribuidas a lo largo del valle del río Magdalena: Alto (24), Medio (11) y Bajo (5) Magdalena. L. evansi fue registrado en 19 localidades también ubicadas en el mismo valle: cinco en el Magdalena Medio y 14 el Magdalena Bajo. Conclusiones. Ambas especies demostraron una consistente asociación con regiones clasificadas principalmente como bosque seco tropical según las zonas de vida de Holdridge lo que confirma el riesgo epidemiológico de leishmaniasis visceral en estas áreas.

Introduction. Since entomological surveillance is the main control strategy for visceral leishmaniasis, updated information on the distribution and ecology of involved vector species is necessary for planning preventive measures. Objective. To present the updated and geo-referenced distribution of L. longipalpis and L. evansi, vectors of visceral leishmaniasis in Colombia, considering their relationship with their habitat. Materials and methods. Distribution was estimated from records of the sand fly specimens collected since 1967.The information was organized in a database from which the localities were selected and geographically analyzed with Arc view in order to develop the distribution maps. Results. 40 localities were established for L. longipalpis along the upper (24), middle (11) and lower (5) Magdalena river valley . L. evansi was recorded in 19 localities of the middle (5) and lower (14) Magdalena valley. Conclusions. Both species showed consistent association with dry tropical forest ( sensu Holdridge 1967), confirming the epidemiological risk for visceral leishmaniasis in these areas.

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to elucidate genetic variation at 13 isozyme loci among forest populations of Lutzomyia shannoni from three widely separated locations in Colombia: Palambí (Nariño Department), Cimitarra (Santander Department) and Chinácota (Norte de Santander Department). These samples were compared with a laboratory colony originating from the Magdalena Valley in Central Colombia. The mean heterozygosity ranged from 16 to 22%, with 2.1 to 2.6 alleles detected per locus. Nei's genetic distances among populations were low, ranging from 0.011 to 0.049. The estimated number of migrants (Nm=3.8) based on Wright's F-Statistic, F ST, indicated low levels of gene flow among Lu. shannoni forest populations. This low level of migration indicates that the spread of stomatitis virus occurs via infected host, not by infected insect. In the colony sample of 79 individuals, the Gpi locus was homozygotic (0.62/0.62) in all females and heterozygotic (0.62/0.72) in all males. Although this phenomenon is probably a consequence of colonization, it indicates that Gpi is linked to a sex determining locus.

The life cycle of Lutzomyia shannoni (Dyar), was described for laboratory conditions with maximum daily temperatures of 27-30°C, minimum daily temperatures of 22-27°C and relative humidity between 87-99 %. Life cycle in each stage was as follows: egg 6-12 days (ave. 8.5 days); first stage larva 5-13 days (ave. 9.6 days); second stage larva 4-13 days (ave. 9.2 days ); third stage larva 5-19 days (ave. 11.8 days); fourth stage larva 7-37 days (ave. 19.9 days); pupa 7-32 days (ave. 15.2 days). The life expectancy of adults ranged from 4 to 15 days (ave. 8.6 days). The entire egg to adult period ranged from 36 to 74 days (ave. 54.6 days). On average, each female oviposited 22.7 eggs; the average egg retention per female was 24.3 eggs.