Abstract Splicing, the process that catalyzes intron removal and flanking exon ligation, can occur in different ways (alternative splicing) in immature RNAs transcribed from a single gene. In order to adapt to a particular context, cells modulate not only the quantity but also the quality (alternative isoforms) of their transcriptome. Since 95% of the human coding genome is subjected to alternative splicing regulation, it is expected that many cellular pathways are modulated by alternative splicing, as is the case for the DNA damage response. Moreover, recent evidence demonstrates that upon a genotoxic insult, classical DNA damage response kinases such as ATM, ATR and DNA-PK orchestrate the gene expression response therefore modulating alternative splicing which, in a reciprocal way, shapes the response to a damaging agent.

This article examines the importance of copper, on the base of the particular characteristics of the metal, its evolution, the risks and the market that stands out as one of the markets of greater relevance in the industrialization of the developed and developing countries. Copper mining is one of the activities that have shown constant growth in the last years, previous to the financial crisis. The producing and exporting countries of this commodity have generated an important contribution to their internal economies that has allowed them to mitigate the effects of world-wide the economic contraction.

Este artículo examina la importancia del cobre, sobre la base de las características particulares del metal, su evolución, los riesgos y el mercado que se destaca como uno de los mercados de mayor relevancia en la industrialización de los países desarrollados y en vías de desarrollo. La minería del cobre es una de las actividades que ha venido en constante crecimiento en los últimos años previos a la crisis financiera. Los países productores y exportadores del commodity han generado un importante aporte a la economía interna que les ha permitido mitigar los efectos de la contracción económica mundial.