Resumen (analítico) El Estado chileno ha ejercido violencia contra el pueblo mapuche por generaciones, promoviendo la construcción de imaginarios en pichikeche (niños y niñas), lo que impacta en la expresión política de los movimientos sociales. Para analizar dicho impacto se usó una metodología cualitativa con diseño etnográfico. Los datos se obtuvieron mediante observación participante, entrevistas y dibujos. Participaron pichikeche de 5 a 12 años de edad, pertenecientes a cinco familias mapuche, respaldados por loncos (dirigentes) de su comunidad. Los resultados muestran que los imaginarios de dolor e incomprensión frente a la violencia, racismo y crueldad por parte del Estado pueden promover la generación de movimientos sociales que incluyen respuestas similares en colectivos de personas que carecieron de estrategias para la contención y resignificación de tales eventos traumáticos. A esto se le denomina «rebelión incubada».

Abstract (analytical) The Chilean State has committed violence against the Mapuche people for generations, promoting Mapuche children's construction of imaginary realities. This situation has an impact on the political expression of social movements. A qualitative methodology based on an ethnographic design was used. Data generation techniques included participant observation, interviews and pichikeche’s drawings. The participants in this study were pichikeche (children) between 5 and 12 years of age from five Mapuche families supported by loncos (leaders) from their community. The results suggest that imaginary pain and misunderstanding caused by excessive and unjustified violence, racism and cruelty carried out by the State against Mapuche communities has promoted the generation of social movements. This could provoke a similar response among people who lack strategies for the containment and defining of these traumatic events, which is known as an incubated rebellion.

Resumo (analítico) O Estado chileno exerce violência contra o povo mapuche há gerações, promovendo a construção de imaginários em pichikeche (meninos e meninas), o que tem impacto na expressão política dos movimentos sociais. Para analisar esse impacto, foi utilizada a metodologia qualitativa com desenho etnográfico. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de observação participante, entrevistas e desenhos. Participaram Pichikeche de 5 a 12 anos, pertencente a cinco famílias Mapuche, apoiados por loncos (lideranças) de sua comunidade. Os resultados mostram que os imaginários de dor e incompreensão frente à violência, racismo e crueldade por parte do Estado podem favorecer a geração de movimentos sociais que incluam respostas semelhantes em grupos de pessoas que careciam de estratégias para contê-los e ressignificá los eventos traumáticos. Isso é chamado de rebelião incubada.

Abstract Erythema induratum of Bazin is a rare form of cutaneous tuberculosis, considered as part of the spectrum of tuberculids or hipersensitivity reactions to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Treatment with biologic agents is a known risk factor for tuberculosis reactivation, especially in areas of high incidence like Latin America, which is why screening and treatment protocols must be followed before these therapies are initiated. We present a case of erythema induratum of Bazin as a reactivation of latent tuberculosis infection in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis treated with golimumab.

Resumen El eritema indurado de Bazin es una tuberculosis cutánea rara, considerada una tuberculide o reacción de hipersensibilidad a Mycobacterium tuberculosis. El tratamiento con agentes biológicos es un factor de riesgo conocido para la reactivación de tuberculosis, especialmente en áreas de alta incidencia como Latinoamérica, por lo que existen protocolos de búsqueda y tratamiento antes del inicio de este tipo de terapias. Se presenta un caso clínico de eritema indurado de Bazin como reactivación de una infección tuberculosa latente en una paciente con artritis reumatoide que recibía tratamiento con golimumab.

Resumen (analítico) El objetivo general fue conocer las actitudes hacia la sexualidad de estudiantes universitarios de las generaciones milenial y centenial. Como objetivo específico se validó un cuestionario de actitudes. Se siguió una metodología no experimental, transversal, con análisis descriptivo de respuestas de 402 estudiantes (69.1% mujeres, 30.9% hombres), con una media de edad de 20.8 años (DE 2.07). Resultaron actitudes favorables hacia: expresiones sexuales homosexuales y transexuales, eliminación de roles de género, uso del condón y re-chazo hacia la violencia en redes sociales. Se presentaron actitudes desfavorables hacia el amor y actitudes indecisas hacia las relaciones casuales. Concluimos que el conocimiento de las actitudes es fundamental en el diseño y la ejecución de políticas de salud pública dirigidas a promover y preservar la salud sexual de las generaciones actuales.

Abstract (analytical) The general objective of this study was to identify attitudes towards sexuality held by university students pertaining to the millennial and centennial generations. An attitudes questionnaire was validated as a specific objective. A non-experimental, cross-sectional methodology was followed, involving a descriptive analysis of 402 students’ responses (69.1% women, 30.9% men) with a mean age of 20.8 years (SD 2.07). Favorable attitudes were found towards: homosexual and transexual expressions of sexuality, elimination of gender roles, condom use and rejection of violence in social networks. There were unfavorable attitudes toward love and marriage and a lack of definition towards casual relationships. The authors conclude that knowledge of attitudes is essential for the design and implementation of public health policies aimed at promoting and preserving the sexual health of current generations.

Resumo (analítico) O objetivo geral foi conhecer as atitudes face à sexualidade de estudantes universitários das gerações millennial e centennial, tendo como objetivo específico validar um questionário de atitudes. Foi seguida uma metodologia não experimental, transversal, com análise descritiva das respostas de 402 alunos (69.1% mulheres, 30.9 % homens), com uma média de idade de 20.8 anos (DP 2.07). Atitudes favoráveis foram encontradas em relação a: expressões sexuais homossexuais e transexuais, eliminação de papéis de gênero, uso de preservativo e repulsa face à violência nas redes sociais. Simultaneamente, atitudes desfavoráveis foram encontradas em relação ao amor e ao casamento e atitudes indefinidas em relação aos relacionamentos casuais. Concluímos que o conhecimento das atitudes é essencial na formulação e implementação de políticas públicas de saúde dirigidas a promover e preservar a saúde sexual das gerações atuais.

RESUMEN El denominado Derecho a la Ciudad, parte de la premisa de que la población pueda recuperar los espacios urbanos que originalmente les corresponden y hacerlos nuevamente parte de su propia cultura, independientemente de los intereses del capitalismo salvaje. Desde el punto de vista de este derecho, se propuso un estudio de la Ciudad de Puebla, analizando su fundación, y la manera en que la población ha sufrido una planificación territorial muy específica, de la cual se desprenden ahora muchos de los problemas de violencia y conflictos sociales que se viven al interior de esta. Se utilizaron los métodos inductivo, histórico y analítico, recurriendo a instrumentos nacionales e internacionales, con especial énfasis en estos últimos. Dentro de las principales conclusiones que se obtuvieron se debe destacar la necesidad de aplicar un protocolo para coadyuvar con el desarrollo del Derecho a la Ciudad en Puebla, que abarque tres aspectos: comunidad, delincuencia y ambiente.

ABSTRACT The so-called Right to the City, starts from the premise that the population can recover the urban spaces that originally corresponded to them and make them part of their own culture again, independently of the interests of savage capitalism. From the point of view of this right, a study of the City of Puebla is proposed, showing how since its foundation, it has been part of an elite plan in which the population has been directed to a very specific territorial planning, of the which now give rise to many of the problems of violence and social conflicts that are experienced within it. Inductive, historical, and analytical methods were used, using national and international instruments, with special emphasis on the latter. Among the main conclusions reached, we should highlight the need to apply a protocol that contributes to the development of the Right to the City in Puebla, covering three aspects: community, crime and environment.

Abstract A 55-year-old male presented with an eight-month history of erythematous papules and plaques with demarcated areas of spared skin on his trunk, upper extremities, neck, and face. Grover's disease is a rare, acquired disorder of unknown origin, which is classically characterized by the appearance of erythematous papules on the upper trunk that are usually transient. As in the present case, there are reports of atypical disease, with facial involvement, pityriasis rubra pilaris-like lesions, and a more chronic course.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Health-related loss of quality of life among dengue patients and their relatives, and unforeseen family expenses incurred for this reason, have not been sufficiently studied in Cuba. Objective: Describe the impact on quality of life, as well as the non-medical direct and indirect unforeseen expenses incurred by patients hospitalized with dengue and their relatives. Method: A cost analysis study was conducted based on data provided by patients hospitalized with dengue in Salvador Allende Clinical Surgical Hospital and their relatives in November 2013. A closed-ended questionnaire of 173 questions was applied in January-February 2014. Estimation was made of average health-related loss of quality of life, direct non-medical costs and indirect costs. Results: The 30-44 years age group was the most harshly affected during the episode. There was a predominance of the female sex (63.3%). Health-related quality of life decreased dramatically from an average 86.9 the day before the disease to 27.8 on the day when patients felt the worst. At the time of the interview, 51% of the patients perceived that they had not recovered from the disease. Mean hospital stay was 5 days. Unforeseen patient and family expenses rose to 61.24 CUC (CI 95%; 43.23-79.25 CUC), of which 66.2 % was spent on food and 13.6 % on transport. Average income loss was 25.30 CUC for patients and 4.50 CUC for relatives. Total average cost per patient was 89.25 CUC (CI 95% 67.33-110.29 CUC). Conclusions: Evidence was found of loss of quality of life as a result of dengue. Unforeseen expenses were high, representing three times the mean salary in the province of Havana.

RESUMEN Introducción: En Cuba no se han estudiado suficientemente los gastos de bolsillo y la pérdida de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (de pacientes con dengue y sus familiares. Objetivo: Describir la afectación de la calidad de vida, los costos no médicos directos (gastos de bolsillo) e indirectos de pacientes hospitalizados con dengue y sus familiares. Método: Estudio de descripción de costos desde la perspectiva de pacientes y familiares, para los hospitalizados con dengue en el Clínico Quirúrgico ”Salvador Allende”, en noviembre de 2013. En enero-febrero de 2014 se aplicó un cuestionario cerrado de 173 preguntas. Se calcularon la pérdida promedio de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, los costos no médicos directos y los costos indirectos. Resultados: Durante el episodio de dengue el grupo de edad más afectado fue el de 30-44 años. Predominaron las mujeres (63,3 %). La calidad de vida relacionada con la salud se afectó sensiblemente pasando como promedio de 86,9 el día antes de la enfermedad a 27,8 el día que las personas se sintieron más enfermas. En el momento de la entrevista, el 51 % de los pacientes percibían que no se habían recuperado de la enfermedad. Los pacientes estuvieron hospitalizados como promedio 5 días. Los gastos de bolsillo de pacientes y familiares ascendieron a 61,24 CUC (IC95% 43,23-79,25 CUC), en que el 66,2 % fue en alimentación y el 13,6 % en transporte. Las pérdidas promedio de ingreso fueron de 25,30 CUC para los pacientes y 4,50 CUC para los familiares. Los costos totales promedio por paciente fueron de 89,25 CUC (IC95% 67,33-110,29 CUC). Conclusiones: Se evidenció la pérdida de calidad de vida como consecuencia del dengue. Los gastos de bolsillo fueron altos y representan tres veces el valor del salario medio de la Provincia La Habana.

Abstract Granulomatous pigmented purpuric dermatosis clinically manifests as hyperpigmented maculae and petechiae, predominantly on the lower extremities. Histopathologically, it is characterized by a lymphocytic infiltrate in the upper dermis, extravasated erythrocytes, and hemosiderin deposits. There is an infrequent variant called granulomatous pigmented purpuric dermatosis, which histologically is characterized by the presence of non-necrotizing granulomas associated with the classic findings of other pigmented purpuric dermatoses. It more frequently affects middle-aged women of Asian origin, and predominantly on the lower extremities. The authors present the case of a female patient with granulomatous pigmented purpuric dermatosis on the lower extremities with blaschkoid distribution.

Abstract Psoriasis has been associated with various autoimmune diseases, however, its relation to bullous diseases is infrequent. Of these, bullous pemphigoid appears as the main associated entity, even though both conditions differ considerably in demographic and clinical aspects. We report the case of a 42-year-old female patient, with long-standing psoriasis who consulted due to the exacerbation of psoriatic plaques associated with generalized bullous lesions on the skin and oral mucosa, with one-week duration. With clinical signs and histopathological findings compatible with bullous pemphigoid associated with psoriasis, we decided to treat her with methotrexate 10mg a week. The patient had an excellent response after two months of treatment.

RESUMEN Basado en nuestros estudios florísticos de briófitas en Colombia se registraron 15 especies de hepáticas nuevas para Colombia: Archilejeunea nebeliana, Colura calyptrifolia, Dibrachiella auberiana, Fossombronia fernandeziensis, Isopaches bicrenatus, Lejeunea angusta, L. concinnula, L. corynantha, L. galeata, L. pulverulenta, L. serpillifolioides, L. tapajosensis, Leptoscyphus hexagonus, Marchesinia languida y Riccia planobiconvexa. Se proporciona información del hábitat y distribución geográfica para todas las especies, así como también las diferencias taxonómicas. Lejeunea cochleata es un nuevo sinónimo de L. angusta y Taxilejeunea steyermarkii es un nuevo sinónimo de Lejeunea pulverulenta. Con unas 730 especies registradas, en 40 familias, Colombia es probablemente el país más rico en hepáticas en América tropical.

ABSTRACT Based on our ongoing studies of the bryophyte flora of Colombia we report 15 liverwort species new to the country: Archilejeunea nebeliana, Colura calyptrifolia, Dibrachiella auberiana, Fossombronia fernandeziensis, Isopaches bicrenatus, Lejeunea angusta, L. concinnula, L. corynantha, L. galeata, L. pulverulenta, L. serpillifolioides, L. tapajosensis, Leptoscyphus hexagonus, Marchesinia languida and Riccia planobiconvexa. Notes are provided on the distribution, habitat and taxonomic differentiation of the species. Lejeunea cochleata is a new synonym of L. angusta, and Taxilejeunea steyermarkii is a new synonym of Lejeunea pulverulenta. With 730 species recorded, in 40 families, Colombia is probably the richest country in liverworts in tropical America.

Background: Our institution adopted the Objective Structured Clinical Evaluation (OSCE) format to assess clinical skills of International Medical Graduates (IMGs) aiming to practice in Chile. The OSCE has clear advantages over oral exams due to its objective and structured nature. Aim: To report our experience with OSCE. Material and Methods: A team consisting of clinical specialists and medical educators with expertise in clinical simulation organized this OSCE cycle. IMGs were required to pass four clinical examinations (Internal Medicine, Surgery, Pediatrics and Obstetrics & Gynecology) where their respective general medical competences were evaluated. The latter were carefully selected from those issued by the Chilean Medical Evaluation policy-making body (EUNACOM). Each OSCE consisted of ten stations. Initially conceived to last five minutes each, they were afterwards expanded to seven minutes, after it was realized that most candidates had never been exposed to an OSCE examination before. A post-hoc analysis according to qualitative and psychometric quality criteria followed each OSCE. Results: The proportion of candidates passing the first two examinations of the cycle, were 65 and 75% respectively and reached 100% in the last ones. Lack of IMG familiarity with the OSCE system initially hampered their full expression of competencies. Extending the stations’ duration to seven minutes subsequently rectified this situation, as well as potential adverse impacts on the validity of results. Conclusions: This evaluative process, which entails important consequences for the community and the IMGs, requires a meticulous and coordinated planning and post-hoc quality control.

The study of competencies acquired by students of Industrial Design career from the Higher Institute of Industrial Design (HIID) was the objective of the present research. The academic results of 77 students over a five years period of studies were analyzed. The result was that the students specific competencies were classified into Design Competencies (DC) and Industrial Design Competencies (IDC). It was also found that this taxonomy coincides with the curricular design created from a pedagogical experience and Work Practices was identified as the subject that better explains the students academic performance.

El objetivo de la presente investigación consistió en el estudio de las competencias adquiridas por los estudiantes de la carrera Diseño Industrial del Instituto Superior de Diseño (ISDI). Se analizaron estadísticamente los resultados académicos de 77 alumnos durante los cinco años de estudio. Se obtuvo como resultado que las competencias específicas de los estudiantes se clasificaron en competencias de diseño (CD) y competencias de diseño industrial (CDI). Se encontró, además, que esta taxonomía coincide con el diseño curricular creado desde la experiencia pedagógica y se identificó que la asignatura que mejor explica el desempeño académico de los estudiantes es Prácticas laborales.

Dengue is a challenge to public health in the world; it is considered the most widespread tropical disease and the tenth cause of death from infectious diseases. The purpose of this study was to identify the main measures to prevent dengue, the most important clinical and therapeutic measures in handling. Theoretical methods and document review in Infomed, Scielo, and Google Scholar MedlinePlus were used. In dengue prevention measures are focused on the transmission control, the creation and perpetuation of not favorable for the development of the vector in which the community must play a leading role conditions. The clinical manifestations are accompanied by a viral illness acute febrile syndrome and hemorrhagic manifestations. Therapeutic measures for sick parsons are focused on symptomatic treatment, to prevent complications of the disease.

El dengue es un reto para la salud pública en el mundo; se le considera la enfermedad tropical más expandida y la décima causa de muerte por enfermedades infecciosas. El propósito de este estudio fue identificar las principales medidas de prevención del dengue, sus manifestaciones clínicas más importantes y medidas terapéuticas en su manejo. Se emplearon métodos teóricos y la revisión documental en Infomed, ScieLo, MedlinePlus y Google académico. En la prevención del dengue las medidas están centradas en el control de la transmisión, la no creación y perpetuación de condiciones favorables para el desarrollo del vector en las cuales la comunidad debe jugar un papel protagónico. Las manifestaciones clínicas son: cuadro viral acompañado de un síndrome febril agudo y manifestaciones hemorrágicas. Las medidas terapéuticas a realizar en los enfermos están enfocadas al tratamiento sintomático, de sostén y profilaxis de las complicaciones de la enfermedad.

The students´ entrance to careers such as Design usually demands a previous skill exam based on notions where they should show visual spatial and perceptive cognitive skills, meaning that this will warrantee their further academic achievement. This paper is a preliminary study on the relationship between cognitive and academic performances, with 82 students from the field of Industrial Design. The aim is to determine which processes could predict the student academic performances. Results showed that these factors are not perceptual skills, but instead there is a special sex-differentiated pattern that relates cognitive flexibility with scores on drawing subjects for female students, and attention processing speed with design scores in males.

El ingreso a carreras como Diseño exige habitualmente exámenes de aptitud basados en nociones, según las cuales los estudiantes debían tener un rendimiento determinado en evaluaciones cognitivas de habilidades viso espacial y perceptuales, asumiendo que este rendimiento garantiza el desempeño posterior durante la carrera. Este trabajo es un estudio preliminar sobre las relaciones entre el rendimiento de los procesos cognitivos y el académico en 82 estudiantes de Diseño Industrial, y pretende determinar cuáles son los procesos que pudiesen predecir el desempeño académico. Los resultados muestran que estos procesos predictores no son las habilidades perceptuales, sino que existe un patrón especial diferenciado según el sexo que relaciona en las estudiantes la flexibilidad cognitiva con las notas en asignaturas de perfil dibujo y en los estudiantes la velocidad de procesamiento de la atención con las notas de perfil diseño.

En este artículo se presentan los resultados de la investigación realizada acerca del estado actual y de las experiencias de implementación de Project Management Office (PMO) en algunas empresas de la ciudad de Medellín, con el fin de recolectar lecciones aprendidas que pudieran utilizarse posteriormente como base para proponer metodologías efectivas de gestión de proyectos. Inicialmente, se realizó un estudio de la literatura que comprende las definiciones, modelos, funciones, roles y niveles de madurez de una PMO, lo que a su vez se utilizó para el diseño de entrevistas semiestructuradas que se realizaron a los directores de PMO de algunas empresas de la ciudad de Medellín. Una vez realizadas las entrevistas, se analizó la información obtenida y se evaluó cada PMO con respecto a funciones, roles y modelo, lo cual permitió clasificarlas dentro de una escala de puntuación y así determinar los niveles de desempeño. Posteriormente, con los resultados obtenidos, se identificaron las lecciones aprendidas sobre implementación de PMO, destacando conclusiones y recomendaciones acerca de los factores clave de éxito.

This paper shows a research done about the present status and experiences of Project Management Office (PMO) implementation within some organizations of Medellin city, in order to gather learned lessons that could be used later as a base to propose effective project management methodologies. Firstly, a study of available literature regarding definitions, models, functions, roles and maturity levels of PMO, was carried out result were used to design an interview that was applied to PMO directors’ of selected organizations of Medellin City. Once the interviews were applied, an analysis of the gathered information was done, so each PMO was assessed regarding functions, roles and model, which led to classify them into a rating scale to determine their performance level. Then, according to the results, they were identified the learned lessons regarding implementation of PMO, were identified highlighting conclusions and recommendations about key success factors.

Neste artigo apresentam-se os resultados da investigação realizada acerca do estado atual e das experiências de implementação de Project Management Office (PMO) em algumas empresas da cidade de Medellin, com a finalidade de coletar lições aprendidas que poderiam usar-se posteriormente como base para propor metodologia efetivas de gestão e projetos. Inicialmente realizou-se um estudo da literatura que compreende as definições, modelos, funções, roles e níveis de maturidade duma PMO, o que utilizou-se também para o desenho de entrevistas semiestruturadas que se realizaram aos diretores de PMO de algumas empresas da cidade de Medellín. Uma vez realizadas as entrevistas, analisou-se a informação obtida e avaliou-se cada PMO com respeito às funções, roles e modelos, o qual permitiu classificar dentro duma escala de pontuação e assim determinar os níveis de desempenho. Posteriormente, com os resultados obtidos, identificaram-se as lições aprendidas sobre implementação de PMO, realçando as conclusões e recomendações acerca dos fatores chave de sucesso.