Resumo A pré-eclâmpsia, uma síndrome da gestação humana, é caracterizada por elevação da pressão arterial e proteinúria patológica após a 20ª semana de gestação. Sua etiologia permanece desconhecida, e seus mecanismos fisiopatológicos estão relacionados à hipoperfusão placentária, disfunção endotelial, inflamação, e ativação da cascata de coagulação. Recentemente, o papel do sistema do complemento foi considerado. Essa síndrome é uma das principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade materna e fetal. Este artigo discute a hipótese de a pré-eclâmpsia ser desencadeada pela ocorrência da implantação inadequada do sinciciotrofoblasto, associada ao sangramento durante o primeiro trimestre da gravidez com aumento da geração de trombina. A trombina ativa plaquetas, aumentando a liberação de fatores antiangiogênicos na circulação e ativando o sistema do complemento, especialmente o complexo de ataque de membrana (C5b9). Portanto, a fração de plaquetas imaturas e a geração de trombina podem ser possíveis biomarcadores sanguíneos para auxílio no diagnóstico precoce da pré-eclâmpsia.

Abstract Preeclampsia, a human pregnancy syndrome, is characterized by elevated blood pressure and proteinuria after the 20th week of gestation. Its etiology remains unknown, and its pathophysiological mechanisms are related to placental hypoperfusion, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and coagulation cascade activation. Recently, the role of the complement system has been considered. This syndrome is one of the main causes of maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. This article discusses the hypothesis of preeclampsia being triggered by the occurrence of inadequate implantation of the syncytiotrophoblast, associated with bleeding during the first stage of pregnancy and with augmented thrombin generation. Thrombin activates platelets, increasing the release of antiangiogenic factors and activating the complement system, inducing the membrane attack complex (C5b9). Immature platelet fraction and thrombin generation may be possible blood biomarkers to help the early diagnosis of preeclampsia.

ABSTRACT Autoimmune diseases are an important field for the development of bone marrow transplantation, or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In Europe alone, almost 3000 procedures have been registered so far. The Brazilian Society for Bone Marrow Transplantation (Sociedade Brasileira de Transplantes de Medula Óssea) organized consensus meetings for the Autoimmune Diseases Group, to review the available literature on hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for autoimmune diseases, aiming to gather data that support the procedure for these patients. Three autoimmune diseases for which there are evidence-based indications for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are multiple sclerosis, systemic sclerosis and Crohn's disease. The professional stem cell transplant societies in America, Europe and Brazil (Sociedade Brasileira de Transplantes de Medula Óssea) currently consider hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as a therapeutic modality for these three autoimmune diseases. This article reviews the evidence available.

Abstract Background: In the past 20 years, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been investigated as treatment for systemic sclerosis (SSc). The goal of HSCT is to eradicate the autoreactive immune system, which is replaced by a new immune repertoire with long-lasting regulation and tolerance to autoantigens. Here, we describe the clinical outcomes of severe and refractory SSc patients that underwent HSCT at a single Brazilian center. Patients and methods: This is a longitudinal and retrospective study, including 70 adult SSc patients, with an established diagnosis of SSc, and who underwent autologous HSCT from 2009 to 2016. The procedure included harvesting and cryopreservation of autologous hematopoietic progenitor cells, followed by administration of an immunoablative regimen and subsequent infusion of the previously collected cells. Patients were evaluated immediately before transplantation, at 6 months and then yearly until at least 5-years of post-transplantation follow-up. At each evaluation time point, patients underwent clinical examination, including modified Rodnan's skin score (mRSS) assessment, echocardiography, high-resolution computed tomography of the lungs and pulmonary function. Results: Median (range) age was 35.9 (19–59), with 57 (81.4%) female and median (range) non-Raynaud's disease duration of 2 (1–7) years. Before transplantation, 96% of the patients had diffuse skin involvement, 84.2%, interstitial lung disease and 67%, positive anti-topoisomerase I antibodies. Skin involvement significantly improved, with a decline in mRSS at all post-transplantation time points until at least 5-years of follow-up. When patients with pre-HSCT interstitial lung disease were analyzed, there was an improvement in pulmonary function (forced vital capacity and diffusing capacity of lung for carbon monoxide) over the 5-year follow-up. Overall survival was 81% and progression-free survival was 70.5% at 8-years after HSCT. Three patients died due to transplant-related toxicity, 9 patients died over follow-up due to disease reactivation and one patient died due to thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Conclusions: Autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation improves skin and interstitial lung involvement. These results are in line with the international experience and support HSCT as a viable therapeutic alternative for patients with severe and progressive systemic sclerosis.

Abstract Background The reproducibility and reliability of the modified Rodnan's Skin Score (mRSS) are debated due to investigator-related subjectivity. Here, we evaluate if durometry correlates with mRSS in patients with diffuse systemic sclerosis (SSc). Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2018 to June 2019, including 58 diffuse SSc patients. Two certified researchers, blind to each other's scores, performed the mRSS, followed by durometry at 17 predefined skin sites. For durometry and mRSS, individual scores per skin site were registered. Durometry and mRSS results measured by each researcher, as well as scores from different researchers, were compared. Skin thickness measurements from forearm skin biopsies were available in a subset of the patients, for comparisons. Statistical analyses included Cohen's Kappa Coefficient, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, Kendall's Coefficient and Spearman's test. Results Mean (standard deviation, SD) patient age was 44.8 (12.9) years, and 88% were female. Inter-rater agreement varied from 0.88 to 0.99 (Intraclass correlation coefficient) for durometry, and 0.54 to 0.79 (Cohen's Kappa coefficient) for mRSS, according to the specific evaluated sites. When data were compared with skin thickness assessed in forearm biopsies, durometry correlated better with skin thickness than mRSS. Conclusion Durometry may be considered as an alternative method to quantify skin involvement in patients with diffuse SSc. The strong inter-rater agreement suggests that the method may be useful for the assessment of patients by multiple researchers, as in clinical trials.

Resumo O presente trabalho evidenciou o processo de trabalho do cirurgião-dentista (CD) no setor de saúde suplementar a partir da visão do profissional, sob a luz da Bioética de Intervenção. Foi realizado um estudo observacional-seccional do tipo inquérito circunscrito à região do Distrito Federal. Os dados foram coletados por meio de 108 questionários respondidos por CDs credenciados à duas modalidades de operadora: autogestão e odontologia de grupo, com a finalidade de conhecer a percepção e o grau de satisfação profissional diante do mercado de trabalho odontológico. A insatisfação maior por parte dos profissionais foi relacionada à remuneração dos trabalhos odontológicos pelas operadoras. Para a operadora de autogestão 1, 38,1% dos profissionais responderam que a remuneração era satisfatória, enquanto para a de autogestão 2 e odontologia de grupo, houve 100% de insatisfação. Outro dado encontrado foi que a operadora de odontologia de grupo restringiu os tratamentos selecionados aos pacientes de forma expressiva. Conclui-se que existe a perda de autonomia profissional, desvalorização dos ressarcimentos e precarização do trabalho odontológico na saúde suplementar, demonstrando conflitos éticos nessa relação de trabalho.

Abstract The present study highlighted the labour process of the dental surgeon (DS) in the private healthcare sector from the healthcare professional’s perspective based on intervention bioethics. An observational, cross-sectional survey study was performed within the Federal District (Distrito Federal) region. Data were collected from 108 questionnaires completed by DSs affiliated with two types of private health insurers, self-insurance and group insurance, to assess job perception and the degree of job satisfaction in the dentistry market. The main source of dissatisfaction for healthcare professionals was related to the pay for dental procedures by insurers. For self-insurer 1, 38.1% healthcare professionals replied that the pay was satisfactory, whereas in self-insurance 2 and in the group insurance, 100% of healthcare professionals were dissatisfied. Another finding was that the group insurer considerably restricted elective treatments. In conclusion, loss of professional autonomy, depreciation of insurance claims and precarisation of dentistry occurs in the private healthcare sector, thus demonstrating the ethical conflicts in this relationship.

Resumo O presente trabalho evidenciou o processo de trabalho do cirurgião-dentista (CD) no setor de saúde suplementar a partir da visão do profissional, sob a luz da Bioética de Intervenção. Foi realizado um estudo observacional-seccional do tipo inquérito circunscrito à região do Distrito Federal. Os dados foram coletados por meio de 108 questionários respondidos por CDs credenciados à duas modalidades de operadora: autogestão e odontologia de grupo, com a finalidade de conhecer a percepção e o grau de satisfação profissional diante do mercado de trabalho odontológico. A insatisfação maior por parte dos profissionais foi relacionada à remuneração dos trabalhos odontológicos pelas operadoras. Para a operadora de autogestão 1, 38,1% dos profissionais responderam que a remuneração era satisfatória, enquanto para a de autogestão 2 e odontologia de grupo, houve 100% de insatisfação. Outro dado encontrado foi que a operadora de odontologia de grupo restringiu os tratamentos selecionados aos pacientes de forma expressiva. Conclui-se que existe a perda de autonomia profissional, desvalorização dos ressarcimentos e precarização do trabalho odontológico na saúde suplementar, demonstrando conflitos éticos nessa relação de trabalho.

Abstract The present study highlighted the labour process of the dental surgeon (DS) in the private healthcare sector from the healthcare professional’s perspective based on intervention bioethics. An observational, cross-sectional survey study was performed within the Federal District (Distrito Federal) region. Data were collected from 108 questionnaires completed by DSs affiliated with two types of private health insurers, self-insurance and group insurance, to assess job perception and the degree of job satisfaction in the dentistry market. The main source of dissatisfaction for healthcare professionals was related to the pay for dental procedures by insurers. For self-insurer 1, 38.1% healthcare professionals replied that the pay was satisfactory, whereas in self-insurance 2 and in the group insurance, 100% of healthcare professionals were dissatisfied. Another finding was that the group insurer considerably restricted elective treatments. In conclusion, loss of professional autonomy, depreciation of insurance claims and precarisation of dentistry occurs in the private healthcare sector, thus demonstrating the ethical conflicts in this relationship.

Resumo Introdução: A neuropatia de membros inferiores é uma das complicações do Diabetes Melittus e também a maior causa de amputação dos membros inferiores. Neste sentido, a orientação para o autocuidado deve ser enfatizada na abordagem ao usuário da atenção primária, com vista à prevenção deste agravo. Objetivo: Identificar o conhecimento de usuários acerca da prática do autocuidado com os pés. Métodos: Pesquisa de abordagem quantitativa, descritiva e exploratória realizada em uma Unidade de Saúde inserida no Programa de Saúde da Família situada no município de Curitiba-PR. A amostra consistiu em 63 usuários e a coleta de dados se procedeu por meio de aplicação de questionário estruturado. Resultado: Verificou-se que 67% (n = 42) dos usuários não recebem a informação sobre os cuidados com os pés, embora indicaram em suas respostas realizar o autocuidado. Conclusão: Observou-se adesão à prática e empoderamento dos usuários, o que sugere a efetividade da informação passada por esta Unidade de Saúde relacionada ao autocuidado do diabético, o que acarreta em promoção de qualidade de vida do indivíduo.

Abstract Introduction: Lower limb neuropathy is one the complications of diabetes mellitus and the most common cause of lower limb amputation. Hence information and self-care advice should be provided to primary healthcare patients to prevent this condition. Objective: To explore insulin users’ knowledge of foot self-care. Methods: This quantitative, descriptive, exploratory study was conducted at a Family Health Unit Curitiba-PR of Curitiba, PR, Brazil. The study sample comprised 63 insulin users. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire. Results: Although they reported performing self-care activities, 67% (n = 42) of insulin users declared that they had never received any information on foot self-care. Conclusion: The adherence to self-care practices shown by respondents and the patient empowerment observed in this study indicate the effectiveness of the information on diabetes self-care imparted to patients registered at this health care unit in contributing to the promotion of quality of life.

Abstract Introduction Bismuth subgallate (BS) is a yellow and odorless powder that has hemostatic astringent properties. Some otorhinolaryngologists and dentists currently use this substance to enhance wound healing. Objective The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of bismuth subgallate on wound healing, through the analysis of inflammatory process, collagen production, and angiogenesis. Method A standard wound was made on the back of 60 male Wistar rats, using a biopsy punch. We created two groups: the experimental group, which underwent daily application of 0.5mg BS over the entire wound, and the control group, which underwent daily application of sodium chloride 0.9%. We performed a qualitative evaluation of the tissue on the third, seventh, and fourteenth day. We assessed inflammatory markers using Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) stain, used Picrosirius stain for collagen analysis, and immunohistochemistry was used for angiogenesis analysis through evaluation of smooth muscle proliferation. Results Statistically, we found no significant differences between groups regarding inflammatory response on the third (p= 1), seventh (p= 0.474), and fourteenth day (p= 0.303). Also, collagen type I and III production showed no statistical differences between groups on the third (p= 0.436), seventh (p= 0.853), and fourteenth day (p= 0.436) of analysis. Immunohistochemistry did not present differences on angiogenesis between experimental and control group on the third (p= 0.280), seventh (p= 0.971), and fourteenth day (p= 0.218). Conclusion BS does not promote significant changes in inflammatory response, collagen, and angiogenesis. Thus, it does not influence healing on skin wounds on rats.

RESUMO As doenças falciformes são as hemoglobinopatias mais frequentes mundialmente. Nas últimas décadas vivenciamos melhora na sobrevida de portadores destas patologias com a introdução de medidas preventivas e o uso precoce da hidroxiurea. O transplante de medula óssea alogênico (alo TMO) é a única opção terapêutica curativa para as hemoglobinopatias. O mesmo tem sido indicado para pacientes com complicações neurológicas, crises vasoclusivas repetidas, alguma lesão orgânica e alosensibilizados. O uso de doadores relacionados de medula óssea ou cordão umbilical mostrou em 1000 procedimentos realizados sobrevida global de 95% e sobrevida livre de ventos de 90%. O uso de doadores não aparentados não mostrou resultados tão expressivos, mas no futuro métodos melhores de tipagem de HLA e de medidas de suporte podem melhorar estes resultados. No Brasil apenas recentemente o alo TMO foi incluído no âmbito do sistema único de saúde (SUS) como opção terapêutica para portadores de doenças falciformes. O uso de doadores aparentados de MO ou de SCU com regime mieloablativo é considerado hoje tratamento estabelecido, sendo que o uso de doadores alternativos não aparentados ou haploidenticos e o uso de transplante com regime não mieloablativo deve ser considerado apenas em estudos clínicos.

SUMMARY Sickle-cell diseases are the most common inherited hemoglobinopathies worldwide. Improvement in survival has been seen in the last decades with the introduction of careful screening and prevention of complications and the introduction of hydroxyurea. Stem-cell transplantation is currently the only curative option for these patients and has been indicated for patients with neurological events, repeated vaso-occlusive crisis, any organ damage or presence of red blood cell antibodies. Related bone-marrow or cord-blood transplant has shown an overall survival of more than 90% with a disease-free survival of 90% in 1,000 patients transplanted in the last decades. The use of unrelated donors unfortunately has not shown the same good results, but better typing methods and improved support may improve the outcome with this source of stem cells in the future. In Brazil, only recently stem cell transplant from related donors has been included in the procedures performed in the public health system. The use of related bone marrow or cord blood and a myeloablative conditioning regimen are considered standard of care for patients with sickle-cell diseases. Transplants with non-myeloablative regimens, unrelated donors or haploidentical donors should be performed only in controlled clinical trials.

Introdução: A importância dos valores de referências locais tem sido bastante descrita na literatura, isso porque características da população podem influenciar os testes laboratoriais. Objetivos: Estabelecer o intervalo de referência para parâmetros eritrocitários tradicionais e estendidos e índices reticulocitários a fim de investigar sua aplicação em pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC). Materiais e métodos: Dos doadores de sangue, 249 pacientes foram selecionados para estabelecimento dos valores de referência (125 homens e 124 mulheres); dos pacientes em hemodiálise, a amostra foi composta por 62 indivíduos com DRC terminal (48 homens e 14 mulheres). Todas as análises foram realizadas no avaliador hematológico Sysmex XE-5000. Resultados: Foi observada uma distinção entre os valores de referência em relação ao gênero: células vermelhas do sangue (RBC), hemoglobina (HGB), hematócrito (HCT), concentração de hemoglobina corpuscular média (CHCM), porcentagem de eritrócitos hiper-hemoglobinizados (%HIPER), porcentagem de microcitose (%MICRO), porcentagem de macrocitose (%MACRO), contagem absoluta de reticulócitos (RET), contagem relativa de reticulócitos (RET-He), fração de reticulócitos imaturos (IFR), reticulócitos de baixa fluorescência (LFR), reticulócitos de média fluorescência (MFR) e reticulócitos de alta fluorescência (HFR). Os indivíduos com DRC apresentaram resultados de RBC, HGB, HCT, CHCM, coeficiente de variação do tamanho dos eritrócitos (RDW-CV), %HIPO, RET%, RET (grupo das mulheres), IFR, LFR, MFR e HFR compatíveis com o estado anêmico, que pode ser observado em 91,8%. Todos os parâmetros estudados apresentaram área sob a curva (AUC) > 0,4. Para o grupo dos homens, a %HIPO (AUC: 0,806) e a IFR (AUC: 0,762) apresentaram melhores valores de AUC; já para o grupo das mulheres foram a %HIPO (AUC: 0,806), a %HIPER (AUC: 0,815) e a IFR (AUC: 0,660). Conclusão: Avanço da medicina e surgimento de novas técnicas e parâmetros hematológicos têm revelado informações importantes sobre a integridade funcional da medula, o diagnóstico das anemias e a monitorização terapêutica da utilização de eritropoetina humana recombinante nos pacientes em hemodiálise.

Introduction: The importance of local references values has been well described in the literature; this is because the characteristics of the population may influence the laboratory tests. Objective: To establish the reference range for traditional and extended red blood cell parameters and reticulocyte indices in order to investigate its application in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Materials and methods: 249 blood donors (125 males and 124 females) were selected to establish the reference values. The hemodialysis sample consisted of 62 patients with terminal CKD (48 male and 14 female). All analyzes were performed using the Sysmex XE-5000 automated hematology analyzer. Results: Differences between reference values was observed in relation to gender: red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), percentage of hyperchromic red blood cells (%HYPER), percentage of microcytosis (%MICRO), percentage of macrocytosis (%MACRO), absolute reticulocyte count (RET), reticulocyte hemoglobin content (RET-He), immature reticulocyte fraction (IFR), low fluorescence reticulocytes (LFR), medium fluorescence reticulocytes (MFR), and high fluorescence reticulocytes (HFR). Individuals with CKD presented RBC, HGB, HCT, MCHC, red cell distribution width expressed as coefficient of variation (RDW-CV), percentage of hypochromic red blood cells (%HYPO), percentage of reticulocytes (RET%), RET (female group), IFR, LFR, MFR, and HFR results compatible with the anemic state, which can be observed in 91.8% of patients. All studied parameters were in the area under the curve (AUC) > 0.4. In male group, %HYPO (AUC: 0.806) and IFR (AUC: 0.762) presented higher AUC values, while female group presented %HYPO (AUC: 0.806), %HYPER (AUC: 0.815), and IFR (AUC: 0.660). Conclusion: The medical advancement, the development of new techniques and hematological parameters have revealed important information about functional integrity of bone marrow, diagnosis of anemia and recombinant human erythropoietin monitoring therapy used in hemodialysis patients.

A ocorrência e o recrutamento larval de Teredinidae na região do Sistema Costeiro Cananéia-Iguape foram acompanhados por doze meses utilizando-se coletores laminados de pinho, instalados em três estações dentro do bosque de mangue (mediolitoral) e em uma estação, localizada no infralitoral. No manguezal, a colonização por larvas de teredinídeos ocorreu após quatro meses de permanência dos coletores na estação mais frequentemente inundada pela maré e somente após oito meses nas duas estações com menor frequência de inundação. No infralitoral, após quatro meses, os coletores já estavam consideravelmente danificados. Ao longo do experimento, houve um decréscimo no número de teredinídeos, especialmente no infralitoral, ocasionado possivelmente pela competição por alimento e espaço entre teredinídeos e foladídeos. Foram encontrados 2.658 indivíduos, sendo 704 de Teredinidae e 1.954 de Pholadidae. Entre os teredinídeos, Bankia fimbriatula foi a espécie mais abundante tanto no infralitoral quanto no manguezal, seguida de Bankia gouldi e Lyrodus floridanus que ocorreram somente no infralitoral, e Nausitora fusticula encontrada somente no manguezal. Martesia striata, único foladídeo, ocorreu somente no infralitoral.

The occurrence and larval settlement of Teredinidae in Cananéia-Iguape Coastal System were observed for one year, by using laminated pinewood panels installed in three stations inside the mangrove forest (intertidal zone) and in one station, in the infralittoral. In the mangrove forest, the larval colonization occurred after four months in the most frequently flooded station and after eight months in the two less frequent flooded stations. In the infralittoral, the panels were highly infested after four months. Along the experiment, the number of individuals decreased, especially in the infralittoral, possibly due to competition between teredinids and pholadids for wood. Bankia fimbriatula was the most abundant teredinid, occurring in the infralittoral and in the mangrove area, followed by Bankia gouldi and Lyrodus floridanus, which occurred only in the infralittoral and Nausitora fusticula which was found only in the mangrove forest. In total, 704 individuals of Teredinidae were collected. Martesia striata, the single pholadid, was found in the infralittoral, and totaled 2,658 individuals.

This article is a result of a cell phone collection obtained at the Center for Information Technology Renato Archer (CTI) under the AMBIENTRONIC Program, an initiative that supports the Brazilian electronic sector in the development of technologies for sustainability. The objective of this article is to assess two reverse logistic scenarios of cell phones using the technique of life-cycle assessment (LCA). The first scenario reflects the current scenario in Brazil, where batteries are recycled in Brazil and the other parts of the phones are outsourced to Europe. The second scenario is a proposal of full treatment in Brazil. The results indicate that the second scenario has a lower potential impact with important reduction of acidification, photochemical oxidation, eutrophication and the use of non-renewable energy. Furthermore, fully implementing reverse logistics in Brazil will enable socioeconomic benefits from the sale of materials and the generation of employment and income.

This study aimed to identify and analyze the risk factors for the occurrence of errors in the preparation of intravenous medications by nurses, and to propose a checklist in order to promote greater safety in the preparation. A total of 13 articles were selected from the LILACS, BDENF, SciELO and MEDLINE/PUBMED databases, published in the period 2004 - 2013. Four main categories stood out: psychological factors and work overload, errors related to the preparation environment, lack of updating in health education, and errors related to the preparation technique. It is concluded that the preparation technique was the most-mentioned risk factor in the studies, followed by the categories of lack of updating in health and education, preparation environment, and work overload associated with psychological factors. Based in the difficulties identified in the categories found, a checklist was developed related to the preparation technique, with a view to minimizing errors and ensuring quality of care and patient safety.

Estudio cuyo objetivo fue identificar y analizar los factores de riesgo para la ocurrencia de errores en la preparación de medicamentos endovenosos por la enfermería y proponer un checklist para promover más seguridad en esa preparación. Fueron seleccionados trece artículos de las bases de datos LILACS, BDENF, SciELO y MEDLINE/PUBMED entre los periodos de 2004 a 2013. Se destacaron cuatro principales categorías: factores psicológicos y sobrecarga de trabajo, errores asociados al ambiente de preparación, déficit de actualización en educación en salud y errores referentes a la técnica de preparación. Se concluye que la técnica de preparación fue el factor de riesgo más mencionado en los estudios, seguido de las categorías déficit de actualización en educación y salud, ambientes de preparación y sobrecarga de trabajo asociada a factores psicológicos. Con base en las dificultades identificadas en las categorías halladas, fue elaborado un checklist para la técnica de preparación, con la finalidad de minimizar errores y garantizar la cualidad de la asistencia y seguridad del paciente.

Estudo cujo objetivo foi identificar e analisar os fatores de risco para a ocorrência de erros no preparo de medicamentos endovenosos pela enfermagem e propor um checklist para promover maior segurança no preparo. Foram selecionados treze artigos das bases de dados LILACS, BDENF, SciELO e MEDLINE/PUBMED entre os períodos de 2004 a 2013. Destacaram-se quatro principais categorias: fatores psicológicos e sobrecarga de trabalho, erros relacionados ao ambiente de preparo, déficit de atualização em educação em saúde e erros relacionados à técnica de preparo. Conclui-se que a técnica de preparo foi o fator de risco mais citado nos estudos, seguido das categorias déficit de atualização em educação e saúde, ambientes de preparo e sobrecarga de trabalho associada a fatores psicológicos. Baseado nas dificuldades identificadas nas categorias encontradas foi elaborado um checklist relacionado à técnica de preparo, visando minimizar erros e garantir a qualidade da assistência e segurança do paciente.

Introdução: Avaliamos por meio da medida de fluxo por tempo de trânsito o desempenho das artérias torácicas direita e esquerda quando utilizadas como enxerto para revascularização da artéria interventricular anterior. Métodos: Cinquenta pacientes submetidos à operação para revascularização do miocárdio sem circulação extracorpórea foram divididos em dois grupos. No grupo A, os pacientes receberam enxerto de artéria torácica interna direita para o ramo interventricular anterior. No grupo B, os pacientes receberam enxerto de artéria torácica interna esquerda para o mesmo ramo. Ao término da operação, o fluxo foi avaliado por meio da medida de fluxo por tempo de trânsito. Resultados: No grupo A, idade média foi de 60,6±9,49 anos. A média de peso e altura do grupo foi de 80,4±10,32 Kg e 169,2±6,86 cm. A média de pontes por paciente neste grupo foi de 3,28±1,49. O fluxo médio e a resistência distal obtidos na artéria torácica interna direita foi de 42,1±23,4 ml/min e 2,8±0,9 respectivamente. No grupo B, a idade média foi de 59,8±9,7 anos. A média de peso e altura deste grupo foi de 77,7±14,2215,7 Kg e 166,0±8,2 cm. A média de pontes por paciente neste grupo foi de 3,08±0,82. O fluxo médio e a resistência distal observados neste grupo foi de 34,2±19,1ml⁄min e 2,0±0,7. Não houve óbitos nesta série. Conclusão: A artéria torácica interna direita apresentou um comportamento similar ao da artéria torácica interna esquerda quando anastomosada ao ramo interventricular anterior da coronária esquerda. Não houve diferença estatística entre a medida de fluxo obtida entre ambas as artérias.

INTRODUCTION: We evaluated with transit time flow the performance of the right and left thoracic arteries when used as a graft for the left anterior descending artery. Methods: Fifty patients undergoing surgery for myocardial revascularization without cardiopulmonary bypass were divided into two groups. In group A patients received graft of right internal mammary artery to the anterior interventricular branch. In group B patients received graft of left internal mammary artery to the same branch. At the end of the operation the flow was assessed by measuring transit time. Results: In group A, mean age was 60.6±9.49 years. The average height and weight of the group was 80.4±10.32 kg and 169.2±6.86 cm. The average number of grafts per patient in this group was 3.28±1.49. The mean flow and distal resistance obtained in right internal thoracic artery was 42.1±23.4 ml/min and 2.8±0.9 respectively. In group B, the mean age was 59.8±9.7 years. The average height and weight of this group was 77.7±14.22 kg and 166.0±8.2 cm. The average number of grafts per patient in this group was 3.08 ±0.82. The mean flow and distal resistance observed in this group was 34.2±19.1 ml/min and 2.0±0.7. There were no deaths in this series. Conclusion: Right internal mammary artery presented a similar behavior to left internal mammary artery when anastomosed to the anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery. There was no statistical difference between the measured flow obtained between both arteries.