Este artigo apresenta uma análise da percepção dos estudantes sobre uma experiência de ensino híbrido, desenhada e aplicada nas disciplinas básicas de Física 1 de 18 cursos diferentes na Universidade de Brasília. Uma pesquisa de opinião, utilizando escala tipo-Likert, foi elaborada e utilizada para estimar o grau de concordância dos estudantes com proposições afirmativas relativas à organização da disciplina, potencial de aprendizagem e qualidade do sistema de avaliação. Os resultados revelaram boa concordância com as proposições apresentadas, e indicaram que, na opinião dos estudantes, os fóruns on-line foram importantes no processo de aprendizagem. Contudo, apontou também algumas necessidades, como: (a) intervenções que possam estimular a inclusão dos estudantes menos proficientes; (b) atividades que possam influenciar estes estudantes a desenvolver motivação para o aprendizado; e (c) reflexões sobre as regras das avaliações formativas e somativas, que possam transformar o aspecto punitivo em uma forma de mediação na composição das menções finais dos estudantes.

This paper presents an analysis of the students’ perception of a blended learning experience, designed, and applied in the basic disciplines of Physics 1 of 18 different courses at the University of Brasilia. An opinion survey, using a Likert-type scale, was designed, and used to assess the students’ agreement degree with affirmative propositions related to the organization, learning potential, and quality of the evaluation system. The results showed good agreement with the presented propositions, and the importance of the positive role of the online forums in the learning process by promote student-student and student-monitor dialogic interaction. However, it also pointed out some needs, such as (a) interventions that can stimulate the inclusion of less proficient students; (b) activities that can influence this students on developing learning motivation; and (c) reflections on the rules of formative and summative assessments, transforming their punitive aspect into a mediation form in the composition of students’ final grades.

A partir da análise de uma articulação entre as perspectivas cognitivistas da aprendizagem significativa de David Ausubel e educacionais das comunidades de investigação presentes no programa de filosofia de Matthew Lipman, este artigo discute o desenvolvimento de um produto educacional acerca de tópicos de astronomia. A aplicação foi feita em uma turma do terceiro ano do ensino médio da rede pública do Distrito Federal. As aulas foram distribuídas em quatro grandes temas: gravitação universal e sistema solar; relatividade geral; buracos negros; e lentes gravitacionais. Conteúdos, atividades e abordagens diversificados foram mediados por tecnologias educacionais digitais e as avaliações consideraram a proficiência como níveis de expressão das respectivas teorias psicológica e educacional. Os resultados revelaram o entusiasmo e interesse dos estudantes pelos temas propostos. Também foi possível verificar indicadores do desenvolvimento de habilidades de raciocínio, formação de conceitos, investigação, tradução e indícios de aprendizagem significativa. Por fim, foi possível concluir que a inserção de temas ligados à astronomia e à física moderna e contemporânea são viáveis no ensino médio, mesmo no contexto precário da escola pública, em contraposição ao currículo atual de física, desgastado e baseado principalmente na física clássica e em abordagens metodológicas muitas vezes difusas.

From the analysis of an articulation between the cognitive perspectives of David Ausubel’s meaningful learning and the educational ones of the research communities present in Matthew Lipman’s philosophy program, this article discusses the development of an educational product on astronomy topics. The application was made in a third-year class of public high school in the Federal District. The classes were divided into four major themes: universal gravitation and the solar system; general relativity; black holes; and gravitational lenses. Diversified content, activities and approaches were mediated by digital educational technologies and the evaluations considered proficiency as levels of expression of the respective psychological and educational theories. The results revealed the students’ enthusiasm and interest in the proposed themes. It was also possible to verify indicators of the development of reasoning skills, concept formation, investigation, translation, and evidence of significant learning. Finally, it was possible to conclude that the insertion of themes related to astronomy and modern and contemporary physics are viable in high school, even in the precarious context of the public school, in contrast to the current physics curriculum, worn out and based mainly on classical and methodological approaches that are often diffuse.

BACKGROUND During routine Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis, an unusually high viral load was detected by reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in a nasopharyngeal swab sample collected from a patient with respiratory and neurological symptoms who rapidly succumbed to the disease. Therefore we sought to characterise the infection. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine and characterise the etiological agent responsible for the poor outcome. METHODS Classical virological methods, such as plaque assay and plaque reduction neutralisation test combined with amplicon-based sequencing, as well as a viral metagenomic approach, were performed to characterise the etiological agents of the infection. FINDINGS Plaque assay revealed two distinct plaque phenotypes, suggesting either the presence of two severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strains or a productive coinfection of two different species of virus. Amplicon-based sequencing did not support the presence of any SARS-CoV-2 genetic variants that would explain the high viral load and suggested the presence of a single SARS-CoV-2 strain. Nonetheless, the viral metagenomic analysis revealed that Coronaviridae and Herpesviridae were the predominant virus families within the sample. This finding was confirmed by a plaque reduction neutralisation test and PCR. MAIN CONCLUSIONS We characterised a productive coinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) in a patient with severe symptoms that succumbed to the disease. Although we cannot establish the causal relationship between the coinfection and the severity of the clinical case, this work serves as a warning for future studies focused on the interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and HSV-1 coinfection and COVID-19 severity.

Abstract Economic analysis assists the administration of forest projects (mainly long-term ones) in providing solidity to the investment. This study aimed to analyze the economic viability of an eucalyptus plantation used for pulp production in the mesoregion of Southern Pará, Brazil. Financial analysis was performed using the following methods: net present value (NPV), equivalent annual value (EAV), soil expectation value (SEV), internal rate of return (IRR), and benefit-cost ratio (BCR). Additionally, sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify the cost and revenue values that would represent the interface regarding the viability of the project. To this end, a cash flow was created for different scenarios of cost and revenue. The economic indicators demonstrated that the investment, as proposed in the marketing of standing timber, proved to be economically viable. Sensitivity based on the updated net revenue, despite fluctuations, made the project profitable.

As vantagens e desvantagens do uso de questões de julgamento em avaliações de aprendizagem, bem como a inserção da penalização de respostas erradas como mecanismo de ajuste sobre o acerto casual, já foram apresentadas e discutidas por diversos autores no contexto da avaliação de aprendizagem. No entanto, pouco estudo tem sido feito no Brasil no sentido de entender a extensão da influência do uso da penalização de respostas erradas na medida da proficiência do aluno no domínio avaliado. Neste sentido, este artigo apresenta um estudo realizado na Universidade de Brasília, com os alunos das disciplinas básicas de Física-1 e Física-2 oriundos de 20 cursos diferentes, no modelo das Disciplinas Unificadas da Física, que foram submetidos alternadamente a avaliações com penalidade e sem penalidade. O efeito da redução da confiabilidade do escore devido à penalidade é confrontado estatisticamente com o efeito do aumento do poder discriminativo da prova devido à redução do “chute”. Uma nova grandeza chamada ganho na qualidade γ é proposta para interpretar os resultados desses efeitos combinados. Ao final, fica demonstrado que o aumento do poder discriminativo da prova supera a redução da confiabilidade do escore quando se aplica a penalização de respostas erradas em itens de julgamento.

The advantages and disadvantages of using true/false tests in learning assessments, as well as the insertion of penalization (negative marking) of wrong answers as mechanism of adjustment on the guessing success, have already been presented and discussed by several authors in the context of learning assessment. However, few studies has been done in Brazil to understand the extent of the influence of using penalization of wrong answers in the measure of student proficiency in the evaluated domain. Hence, this article presents a study carried out at the University of Brasília, with the students of the basic disciplines of Physics-1 and Physics-2 coming from 20 different courses, in the unified Physics disciplines model. The students were alternately submitted to assessments with penalty and without penalty. The effect of reducing the reliability of the score due to the penalty is statistically compared with the effect of increasing the discriminatory power of the test due to the reduction of the guessworking. A new magnitude called “statistical yield” is proposed to interpret the results of these combined effects. To conclude, it is demonstrated that the increase in the discriminatory power of the test outweighs the reduction of the reliability of the score when applying penalization of wrong answers in true/false tests.

The objectives of this study were to estimate heritabilities and genetic and phenotypic correlations between carcass traits measured by ultrasound and other economically important traits generally used as selection criteria in beef cattle and to estimate the genetic changes in the carcass traits as a result of selection for post-yearling weight. Carcass traits measured by ultrasound at two ages (12 and 18 months) and the correlation of these traits with weight, hip height and body condition score of males (yearling) and females (post-yearling) were analyzed. Multi-trait analysis was performed using the restricted maximum likelihood method under an animal model. To demonstrate the effect of selection for growth, phenotypic and expected breeding value means of the carcass traits and weights according to selection line (Nellore control line, selection line and traditional line) were estimated using records from animals born in the last 3 years (2006 to 2008). The heritability estimates were high for longissimus muscle area (LMA) at 12 and 18 months of age (0.47 and 0.40, respectively). For fat thickness measures, heritabilities ranged from 0.37 to 0.29. Genetic correlations of the same trait between the two ages were high for LMA (0.95). The Nellore breed shows medium to high genetic variability in carcass traits measured by ultrasound at 12 and 18 months of age, and a greater response is expected if selection for backfat thickness is performed at about 12 months of age. Selection for higher body weight will lead to an increase of LMA at the two ages without reducing subcutaneous fat thickness.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da inoculação de quatro espécies de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares no crescimento e nutrição de mudas de pinhão-manso. Foram utilizados 12 tratamentos e 10 repetições, sendo: a inoculação individual (Scutellospora calospora, Glomus clarum, Gigaspora margarita, Acaulospora morrowiae), em dupla das espécies (S. calospora + G. clarum, S. calospora + G. margarita, S. calospora + A. morrowiae, G. clarum + G. margarita, G. clarum + A. morrowiae e G. margarita + A. morrowiae), com a mistura das quatro espécies de micorrizas (MIX) e a testemunha sem inoculação com micorrizas. Para os teores de macro e micronutrientes, 75 dias após a emergência das plantas, diferenças significativas (p < 0,05) foram observadas para os teores de nitrogênio (N), fósforo (P), potássio (K), magnésio (Mg), enxofre (S), manganês (Mn) e boro (B), com destaque para a inoculação com G. clarum e A. morrowiae isoladamente e em dupla inoculação. Para a biomassa da parte aérea e raiz, colonização micorrízica e eficiência micorrízica, as maiores médias (p > 0,005) foram observadas para os tratamentos com G. clarum e A. morrowiae inoculados isoladamente e para a dupla inoculação de S. calospora + G. clarum e G. clarum + A. morrowiae.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the inoculation of four species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth and nutrient status of seedlings of Jatropha curcas L. The experiment consisted of 12 treatments and 10 replicates inoculated with one and two of the mycorrhizal species Scutellospora calospora, Glomus clarum, Gigaspora margarita, Acaulospora morrowiae, with a mixture of the four species (MIX) and a non-inoculated control. After 75 days of plant emergence, significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed for contents 'of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), manganese (Mn) and boron (B), especially for the inoculation with G. clarum and A. morrowiae, both alone and dual inoculation. The highest means (P < 0.05) of biomass of shoots and root, mycorrhizal colonization and mycorrhizal efficiency were found in the treatment with G. clarum and A. morrowiae inoculated separately and for the dual inoculation of S. calospora + G. clarum and G. clarum + A. morrowiae.

Com o objetivo de avaliar o rendimento de grãos dos cultivares de soja, foram conduzidos três ensaios sob condições de várzea irrigada em Formoso do Araguaia - Tocantins, na entressafra 2007 (15/05; 30/05 e 12/06). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com três repetições e dez tratamentos. Os cultivares foram: DM Nobre, A 7002, DM 247, DM 309, DM 339, M-SOY 8411, M-SOY 8914, M-SOY 8866, M-SOY 9350 e FT 106. Na avaliação do desempenho dos cultivares, foi realizado um estudo de adaptabilidade e estabilidade através dos métodos de Eberhart e Russell (1966) e Centróide. O rendimento médio de grãos variou de 1.023 kg ha-1 (15/05) a 1.234 kg ha-1 (12/06), sendo a média geral de 1.142 kg ha-1. Baseado na classificação obtida pelas metodologias de Eberhart e Russell (1966) e Centróide, os cultivares DM Nobre, A 7002, M-SOY 9350 e M-SOY 8914 foram mais promissores para cultivo em várzea irrigada. Houve concordância entre as metodologias quanto à classificação dos genótipos.

In order to evaluate the performance of soybean cultivars, three essays were carried out at Formoso do Araguaia, TO,Brazil, in the inter-cropping 2007 (15/05, 30/05 and 12/06). The experimental design employed was a randomized blocks with ten treatments and tree replications. The treatments were composed by ten soybean cultivar (DM Nobre, NIDERA In 7002, DM 247, DM 309, DM 339, M-SOY 8411, M-SOY 8914, M-SOY 8866, M-SOY 9350 and FT 106). In evaluating the performance of cultivars, a study was conducted of adaptability and stability by the methods of Eberhart and Russell (1966) and centroid. The average grain yield varied from 1023 kg ha-1 (15/05) to 1234 kg ha-1 (12/06), with a general average of 1142 kg ha-1. Based on the classification obtained by the methods of Eberhart and Russell (1966) and centroid, the cultivars DM Nobre, NIDERA In 7002, M-SOY 9350 and M-SOY 8914, were promising for the cultivation under conditions of inter-cropping. There was agreement among the methods on the classification of genotypes.

Nos últimos anos, casos de intoxicação exógena de animais domésticos foram atendidos na Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF). Sejam acidentais ou intencionais, esses casos ocorrem principalmente no ambiente doméstico e envolvem diferentes agentes tóxicos, tais como agrotóxicos, raticidas anticoagulantes, medicamentos, dentre outros. O presente trabalho objetivou realizar um estudo retrospectivo dos casos de intoxicação em cães e gatos atendidos na Faculdade de Veterinária da UFF, durante o período de março de 2002 a março de 2008. Os casos foram classificados por substância ou agente tóxico, espécie, sexo, raça, idade e ano de ocorrência. No total, foram registrados 101 casos, sendo 30 em 2002, 10 em 2003, 12 em 2004, três em 2005, nove em 2006 e nove casos em 2007. A maioria dos casos ocorreu no ano de 2002, tendo como principal causa a intoxicação medicamentosa, seguida da intoxicação por agrotóxicos comercializados ilegalmente como raticidas, principalmente carbamato, sendo também observado um grande número de casos em que não foi identificada a substância envolvida.

In recent years cases of domestic animals exogenous poisoned were treated at the Veterinarian College of The Federal Fluminense University (UFF). Accidentally or intentionally, they occurred mainly at home and involved different toxic agents, such as pesticides, raticides anti-coagulants, and medicines, among others. This study is about a retrospective study of cases of poisoning in dogs and cats treated at the UFF veterinary college the period of March 2002 to March 2008. The cases were classified by substance or toxic agent, species, sex, breed, age and year occurrence. Totally, 101 cases were registered, with 30 in 2002, 10 in 2003, 12 in 2004, 3 in 2005, nine 9 in 2006 and 9 cases in 2007. Most cases occurred in 2002, and the principal cause was drug intoxication, followed by poisoning raticide, especially cabamate and it was also observed a large number of cases where the substance involved couldn't be identified.

CONTEXTO: A cirurgia de varizes de membros inferiores é um dos procedimentos mais realizados dentro do Sistema Único de Saúde, através dos Mutirões de Cirurgias Eletivas. No entanto, não há informações detalhadas sobre os resultados dessa iniciativa, especialmente com relação à população que se beneficia dos mutirões. OBJETIVO: Apresentar e discutir o perfil dos pacientes operados durante o mutirão de varizes realizado em instituição pública de saúde. MÉTODOS: Os pacientes foram selecionados a partir de um cadastro organizado pelo Ministério da Saúde para o programa de cirurgias eletivas, e não havia vínculo prévio com a instituição hospitalar. Foi aplicado um protocolo de avaliação objetiva com os dados clínicos e perfil demográfico dos pacientes. Os pacientes foram estagiados de acordo com a classificação CEAP (clínica, etiológica, anatômica e fisiopatológica). RESULTADOS: No período entre setembro de 2005 e janeiro de 2006, 100 pacientes foram submetidos a cirurgia (106 procedimentos), com predominância do sexo feminino (85% dos casos). A média de idade foi 35±9,8 anos. O grau de escolaridade predominante entre os pacientes foi o ensino fundamental, em 53% dos casos. As classes C2 (49,5%) e C3 (39%) foram as mais freqüentes na avaliação clínica dos membros inferiores (classificação CEAP). Foram realizadas 106 cirurgias (100 pacientes). A anestesia mais utilizada foi o bloqueio (93% dos procedimentos). Seis pacientes foram submetidos a procedimentos escalonados pelo grande volume de varizes de membros inferiores; 33 pacientes foram submetidos à safenectomia interna, sendo quatro safenectomias segmentares; e oito pacientes foram submetidos à safenectomia total bilateral. CONCLUSÃO: O perfil da população que se beneficiou dos mutirões sugerido neste trabalho é de pacientes jovens, do sexo feminino, com baixa escolaridade, sintomáticas do ponto de vista da doença venosa de membros inferiores, em estágios moderados da doença, especialmente nas classes C2 e C3 da CEAP, e que requerem cirurgias de médio e grande porte para o tratamento de suas patologias.

BACKGROUND: Varicose vein surgery of the lower limbs is one of the most frequent procedures carried out in the Brazilian public health system (Sistema Único de Saúde), especially during task forces focused on elective surgeries. However, detailed information on the results of such initiatives are absent in the literature, particularly with regard to the population that benefits from the task forces. OBJECTIVES: To present and discuss the profile of patients operated on during a task force for varicose vein surgery carried out in a public health institution. METHODS: The patients were selected from a database organized by the Brazilian Health Ministry for the program of elective surgeries, and they had no previous link with the hospital institution. A protocol for objective evaluation with the clinical data and demographic profile of the patients was applied. The patients were staged according to CEAP classification. RESULTS: From September 2005 to January 2006, 100 patients (106 procedures) underwent surgery, females being predominant (85% of the cases). Mean age was 35±9.8 years. Predominant schooling level among patients was primary school (53%). C2 (49.5%) and C3 (39%) were the most frequent CEAP classes in the clinical evaluation of lower limbs. A total of 106 surgeries was performed (100 patients). The preferred anesthetic technique was block anesthesia (93% of the procedures). Six patients were submitted to two different procedures due to great volume of lower limb varicose veins; 33 patients were submitted to internal saphenous vein stripping (four cases of segmental saphenous vein stripping); and eight patients were submitted to bilateral total saphenous vein stripping. CONCLUSION: Profile of the population that benefited from the task force for varicose vein surgeries was: young symptomatic female patients, with low schooling level, moderate stages of disease, especially in CEAP clinical classes C2 and C3, and who require surgeries of moderate and long duration for the treatment of their diseases.