The “Coleção de Flebotomíneos” (FIOCRUZ/COLFLEB) held at Fiocruz Minas is a curated biological collection comprised of approximately 80,000 individual specimens of 370 species of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) mostly from the Americas collected over the last 80 years by entomologists interested in understanding and controlling the vector-borne disease leishmaniases. Since 2010, the metadata of each of the individual biological specimens held in FIOCRUZ/COLFLEB, including the back catalogue of those deposited in previous decades, has been digitized. Here, our resulting electronic catalogue, containing records for 72,624 of the specimens, including all of the available provenance information associated with each of them, is published online through the speciesLink network lt;http://www.splink.org.br/search?collectioncode=FIOCRUZ11COLFLEBamp;group=animaisamp;lang=ptamp;action=openformgt; and the Sistema de Informação sobre a Biodiversidade Brasileira (SiBBr) lt;http://ipt.fiocruz.br/ipt/resource?r=fiocruz_colflebgt;.

The “Coleção de Flebotomíneos” (FIOCRUZ/COLFLEB) held at Fiocruz Minas is a curated biological collection comprised of approximately 80,000 individual specimens of 370 species of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) mostly from the Americas collected over the last 80 years by entomologists interested in understanding and controlling the vector-borne disease leishmaniases. Since 2010, the metadata of each of the individual biological specimens held in FIOCRUZ/COLFLEB, including the back catalogue of those deposited in previous decades, has been digitized. Here, our resulting electronic catalogue, containing records for 72,624 of the specimens, including all of the available provenance information associated with each of them, is published online through the speciesLink network lt;http://www.splink.org.br/search?collectioncode=FIOCRUZ11COLFLEBamp;group=animaisamp;lang=ptamp;action=openformgt; and the Sistema de Informação sobre a Biodiversidade Brasileira (SiBBr) lt;http://ipt.fiocruz.br/ipt/resource?r=fiocruz_colflebgt;.

ABSTRACT This study was performed to identify the ideal amount of concentrate required for a diet based on cactus cladodes, sugarcane, and urea used to feed heifers. Twenty Girolando heifers (160±8.39 kg) were randomly distributed into four experimental treatments with 0, 0.40, 0.80, or 1.20 kg day−1 of concentrate. The basal diet contained [on dry matter (DM) basis] 38.1% sugarcane, 56.5% cactus cladodes [ Opuntia stricta (Haw). Haw.], 0.5% common salt, 1.1% mineral mixture, and 3.8% urea plus ammonium sulfate. The concentrate contained [on DM basis] 87% corn meal and 13% soybean meal. The basal diet and the concentrate were formulated to provide 13% crude protein (CP). The intake of DM (4.34-4.96 kg day−1), organic matter (3.96-4.98 kg day−1), CP (0.57-0.64 kg day−1), non-fibrous carbohydrates (2.20-2.61 kg day−1), and metabolizable energy (10.3-12.4 Mcal day−1) increased linearly with concentrate amount. Final body weight (196-224 kg), total body weight gain (36.9-61.2 kg), and average daily body weight gain (0.51-0.85 kg day−1) increased linearly with concentrate amount. The nitrogen balance was positive and increased linearly (54.8-62.3 g day−1) with concentrate amount. Based on the data, we recommend supplying six-month-old Girolando heifers (160 kg body weight) 1.20 kg concentrate day−1 added to a diet based on sugarcane and cactus cladodes plus urea for better productive and economic performance.

ABSTRACT It is well known that phytochromes mediate a wide range of photomorphogenic processes in plants. In addition, many studies have demonstrated the involvement of phytochromes as part of abiotic stress signaling responses. However, little is known about cadmium (Cd) stress regulation by phytochromes. Thus, in this study, we used the phyA (far red-insensitive; fri), phyB1 (temporary redinsensitive; tri) and phyB2 (phyB2) tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) mutants to investigate the roles of these three phytochromes on Cd stress responses. The plants were grown over a 21-d period in the presence of Cd. We evaluated plant growth, Cd and chlorophyll content and anatomical changes in the leaves. The results indicated that all genotypes were affected by Cd and showed reduced growth of the shoots and roots, as well as reduced chlorophyll content. The accumulation of Cd was similar for all genotypes, and a higher Cd content was found in roots. Anatomical analysis of the vascular bundles revealed that fri and tri seem to be more disrupted by Cd. Overall, these results indicate that phytochromes do not determine Cd stress tolerance in tomato plants.

Pelo texto objetiva-se problematizar em que medida a obra de Orminda Marques, tomada como um marco histórico do ensino da escrita no Brasil e como instrumento de divulgação dos preceitos da Escola Nova no país, persistiu, por mais de três décadas após sua publicação, como referência para a formação de professores. Tomando como principal documento o livro A escrita na escola primária (1936), de autoria da educadora, são analisados artigos sobre o ensino da escrita publicados na Revista do Ensino/RS que fazem referência à obra. Compreende-se que as aproximações identificadas consistem em repercussões da obra da autora no tempo a partir da reflexão sobre os conceitos de produção, circulação e apropriação do texto, propostos pelo historiador francês Roger Chartier.

The text aims to problematize to what extent the work of Orminda Marques, taken as a landmark of the teaching of writing in Brazil and as a dissemination tool of the precepts of the New School in the country, persisted for more than three decades after its publication, as reference to teacher qualification. Taking the book A escrita na escola primária (1936), written by the educator, the text analyzes articles about the teaching of writing published in the Revista do Ensino/RS that make reference to the work. It is understood that the identified approaches consist in repercussions of the work of the author in time from the reflection on the concepts of production, circulation and appropriation of the text proposed by the french historian Roger Chartier.

El propósito del texto es cuestionar hasta qué punto el trabajo de Orminda Marques, tomado como un punto de referencia de la enseñanza de la escritura en Brasil y como una herramienta de difusión de los preceptos de la Nueva Escuela en el país, persistió durante más de tres décadas después de su publicación, como referencia a la formación de profesores. Tomando como documento principal el libro A escrita na escola primária (1936), escrito por el educador, se analizan los artículos sobre la enseñanza de la escritura publicados en la Revista do Ensino/RS que se refieren a la obra. Se entiende que los enfoques identificados consisten en repercusiones del trabajo del autor en el tiempo desde la reflexión sobre los conceptos de producción, circulación y apropiación del texto propuestos por el historiador francés Roger Chartier.

Le texte vise à examiner dans quelle mesure l'oeuvre de Orminda Marques, pris comme un point de repère de l'enseignement de l'écriture au Brésil et comme un outil de diffusion des préceptes de la Nouvelle École dans le pays, a persisté pendant plus de trois décennies après sa publication comme référence pour la formation des enseignants. Prenant comme document principal le livre A escrita na escola primária (1936), écrite par l'éducateur, sont analysés articles sur l'enseignement de l'écriture publié dans leRevista do Ensino/RS qui se réfèrent au travail. Il est entendu que les approches identifiées consistent en répercussions de l'oeuvre de l'auter dans le temps à partir de la réflexion sur les concepts de production, circulation et appropriation de texte proposés par l'historien français Roger Chartier.

O fungo Podosphaera xanthii afeta a cultura do meloeiro, apresenta diversas raças e é controlado por genes de resistência raça-específica. O acesso PI414723 é resistente às raças 1, 3 e 5 e é uma fonte adequada de genes de resistência. A herança da resistência a essas raças foi analisada em 87 plantas F2 do cruzamento PI414723 × Védrantais. A resistência às três raças pode ser explicada pela segregação de um gene dominante, embora um modelo digênico também possa ser aceito. Um mapa genético foi obtido com 206 marcadores e análise de co-segregação de fenótipos resistentes indicou a existência de dois locos ligados, posicionados no grupo de ligação II, um conferindo resistência às raças 1 e 5 (denominado Pm-x1,5) e o segundo à raça 3 (denominado Pm-x3), localizado a 5,1cM. Este estudo relata pela primeira vez a existência de Pm-x3 e as localizações genéticas desses genes de resistência de PI414723.

The fungus Podosphaera xanthii affects melon crops and presents several races controlled by race-specific resistance genes. The accession PI 414723 is resistant to races 1, 3 and 5 and it is a suitable source of resistance genes. The inheritance of resistance to these races was analyzed on 87 F2 plants from the cross of PI 414723 × Védrantais, and resistance to all three races could be explained by the segregation of a single dominant gene, although a digenic model could also be accepted. A genetic map was assembled with 206 markers, and co-segregation analysis of resistance phenotypes indicated the existence of two linked loci in linkage group II, one conferring resistance to races 1 and 5 (denominated Pm-x1,5), and the second to race 3 (denominated Pm-x3), located 5.1 cM apart. This study reports for the first time the existence of Pm-x3 and the genetic locations of these resistance genes from PI 414723.

Neste trabalho, analisamos as respostas bioquímicas inerentes ao sistema antioxidante, assim como propriedades morfológicas e anatômicas de mutantes fotomorfogenéticos e hormonais de tomateiro. Comparados ao não mutante Micro-Tom (MT), observamos que o conteúdo de malondialdeído (MDA) aumentou nos mutantes diageotropica (dgt) e lutescent (l), enquanto os maiores níveis de H2O2 foram encontrados nos mutantes high pigment 1 (hp1) e aurea (au). Análises de enzimas antioxidantes mostraram que todos os mutantes reduziram a atividade de catalase (CAT) quando comparado a MT. A guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX) aumentou em ambos os mutantes sitiens (sit) e notabilis (not), enquanto no mutante not houve aumento da atividade de ascorbato peroxidase (APX). Baseado nas análises de PAGE, as isoformas III, IV, V e VI de glutationa redutase (GR) aumentaram nas folhas do mutante l, enquanto a isoforma III de superóxido dismutase (SOD) reduziu nas folhas dos mutantes sit, epi, Never ripe (Nr) e green flesh (gf). Análises por microscopia revelaram que os mutantes hp1 e au tiveram um aumento nos espaços intercelulares de folhas, enquanto o mutante sit mostrou um decréscimo. Micrografias eletrônicas revelaram que a superfície foliar dos mutantes au e hp1 apresenta reduzida distribuição de tricomas. A caracterização destes mutantes é essencial para que possam ser utilizados em estudos de desenvolvimento e ecofisiologia, tais como estresses abióticos e bióticos no metabolismo oxidativo.

Biochemical responses inherent to antioxidant systems as well morphological and anatomical properties of photomorphogenic, hormonal and developmental tomato mutants were investigated. Compared to the non-mutant Micro-Tom (MT), we observed that the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was enhanced in the diageotropica (dgt) and lutescent (l) mutants, whilst the highest levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were observed in high pigment 1 (hp1) and aurea (au) mutants. The analyses of antioxidant enzymes revealed that all mutants exhibited reduced catalase (CAT) activity when compared to MT. Guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX) was enhanced in both sitiens (sit) and notabilis (not) mutants, whereas in not mutant there was an increase in ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Based on PAGE analysis, the activities of glutathione reductase (GR) isoforms III, IV, V and VI were increased in l leaves, while the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) isoform III was reduced in leaves of sit, epi, Never ripe (Nr) and green flesh (gf) mutants. Microscopic analyses revealed that hp1 and au showed an increase in leaf intercellular spaces, whereas sit exhibited a decrease. The au and hp1 mutants also exhibited a decreased in the number of leaf trichomes. The characterization of these mutants is essential for their future use in plant development and ecophysiology studies, such as abiotic and biotic stresses on the oxidative metabolism.

Seed priming with hormones has been an efficient method for increasing seed vigor as well as seedling growth under stressful conditions. These responses have in the past been attributed to the activation of antioxidant systems in a range of crops. The results described in this work show that hormonal priming with methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid or CEPA (chloroethylphosphonic acid), an ethylene (ET) releaser, does not induce the antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase or glutathione reductase in maize seedlings subjected to salt stress. The enhanced biomass of maize seedlings under salt stress that was observed only from ET priming indicates that the stress tolerance in maize from ethylene priming is a fundamental process for stress tolerance acquisition, which is explained, however, by other biochemical mechanisms but not by changes in the antioxidant system.

FUNDAMENTO: A síndrome metabólica (SM) está frequentemente ligada ao excesso de peso e melhora com a perda ponderal, sendo esperado que essa melhora seja proporcional à intensidade dessa perda. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o impacto da perda ponderal induzida pela cirurgia bariátrica (CB) sobre a prevalência da SM, em médio prazo. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados 35 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de by-pass gastrojejunal em Y de Roux, no período de outubro de 2001 a outubro de 2005, em nosso HU, sendo 88,5% do sexo feminino, com uma média de idade de 37,8±11,1 anos e um IMC médio de 45,0±6,2 kg/m². Na primeira etapa da pesquisa, foram obtidos dados demográficos e clínico-antropométricos antes da realização da CB, incluindo os critérios para o diagnóstico da SM, de acordo com as diretrizes do NCEP dos Estados Unidos. Na segunda etapa, os pacientes operados foram reavaliados ambulatorialmente quanto à prevalência da SM. RESULTADOS:Antes da cirurgia, a SM foi diagnosticada em 27 pacientes (77,1%). Em reavaliação 34,4±15 meses após a cirurgia, observou-se uma queda do IMC médio para 28,3±5,0 kg/m² e a SM foi detectada em apenas dois pacientes (5,7%) (p<0,001). A prevalência dos critérios cintura abdominal, glicemia, pressão arterial, HDL-colesterol e triglicerídeos foi reduzida em, respectivamente, 45,8%, 83%, 87,5%, 57,13% e 94%. CONCLUSÃO: A SM é ocorrência comum em obesos candidatos à CB e esse procedimento se mostrou extremamente eficaz na indução da regressão da síndrome, verificando-se redução expressiva da prevalência de todos os critérios do NCEP.

BACKGROUND: Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is often linked to overweight/obesity and can improve after weight loss, such improvement is expected to be proportional to the intensity of weight loss. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of weight loss induced by bariatric surgery (BS) on the prevalence of MS in a middle-term period. METHODS: Thirty-five (35) patients who underwent surgical Roux's Y gastrojejunal by-pass from October 2001 until October 2005 in our University Hospital were evaluated. 88.5% were female, with a mean age at the time of surgery of 37.8±11.1 years and a mean BMI of 45.0±6.2 Kg/m². During the first stage of our study demographic and clinical-anthropomorphic data were collected prior to the BC procedure, including those criteria needed for the diagnosis of MS, according to the guidelines of the US NCEP. The second stage consisted of reevaluation of those patients in the post-surgical period in order to determine the prevalence of MS in an outpatient setting. RESULTS: Prior to surgery, MS was diagnosed in 27 patients (77.1%). When those patients were reevaluated 34.4±15 months after surgery, a reduction of mean BMI to 28.3±5.0 Kg/m² and MS was identified in only two patients (5.7%) (p<0.001). Prevalence of individual criteria such as abdominal circumference, fasting glucose levels, arterial blood pressure, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides had a reduction of 45.8%, 83%, 87.5%, 57.13% and 94% respectively. CONCLUSION: MS is a rather common feature in obese patients enrolled for BS and this procedure has been proved to be extremely efficient reversing the metabolic syndrome, with an expressive reduction of prevalence of each and all of the NCEP criteria.

FUNDAMENTO: El síndrome metabólico (SM) frecuentemente está vinculado al exceso de peso y mejora con la pérdida ponderal, esperándose que esta mejora sea proporcional a la intensidad de esa pérdida. OBJETIVO: Evaluar el impacto de la pérdida ponderal inducida por la cirugía bariátrica (CB) sobre la prevalencia de la SM, a medio plazo. MÉTODOS: Se estudiaron 35 pacientes sometidos a cirugía de bypass gastroyeyunal en Y de Roux, en el período de octubre de 2001 a octubre de 2005, en nuestro HU, siendo el 88,5% del sexo femenino, con un promedio de edades de 37,8±11,1 años y un IMC promedio de 45,0±6,2 Kg/m². En la primera etapa de la investigación, se obtuvieron datos demográficos y clínico antropométricos antes de la realización de la CB, incluyendo los criterios para el diagnóstico de la SM, de acuerdo con las directrices del NCEP de los Estados Unidos. En la segunda etapa, los pacientes operados se reevaluaron ambulatoriamente con relación a la prevalencia de la SM. RESULTADOS: Antes de la cirugía, fue diagnostica la SM en 27 pacientes (77,1%). En la reevaluación 34,4±15 meses después de la cirugía, se observó una disminución del IMC promedio para 28,3±5,0 Kg/m² y se detecto la SM sólo en dos pacientes (5,7%) (p<0,001). La prevalencia de los criterios cintura abdominal, glicemia, presión arterial, HDL-colesterol y triglicéridos, se redujeron respectivamente en: 45,8%, 83%, 87,5%, 57,13% y 94%. CONCLUSIÓN: La SM es común en obsesos candidatos a CB y este procedimiento se mostró extremadamente eficaz en la inducción de la regresión del síndrome, verificándose una reducción expresiva de la prevalencia de todos los criterios del NCEP.