ABSTRACT Acinetobacter baumannii, a common pathogen in nosocomial infections, is a rare cause of community-acquired pneumonia. This report highlights the difficulties in its early diagnosis and effective treatment, as it is a multidrug-resistant microorganism with rapid, unfavorable progression. To better understand its clinical outcome, we searched the literature for similar cases but found no community-acquired cases in Brazil.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is affected by demographic, virological, clinical, and lifestyle-related factors and varies in different regions in Brazil or worldwide. The present study aimed to clarify the epidemiological patterns of HCV infection in the interior region of Brazil. METHODS: This study was conducted in the Southern Triangle Macro-region of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, according to the guidelines of the National Program for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis. The participants answered a structured questionnaire on social and epidemiological factors. Immunochromatographic rapid tests were used for the qualitative detection of antibodies against HCV in whole blood (Alere HCV® Code 02FK10) in adult subjects by a free-standing method. RESULTS: Of 24,085 tested individuals, 184 (0.76%) were anti-HCV positive. The majority of anti-HCV-positive individuals were born between 1951 and 1980 (n=146 [79.3%]), with 68 women and 116 men. Identified risk factors included syringe and/or needle sharing (p = 0.003), being in prison (p = 0.004), and having tattoos or piercings (p = 0.005) and were significantly associated with the decade of birth. CONCLUSIONS: The study shows the importance of testing populations at risk for HCV infection, including incarcerated individuals, those with tattoos or piercings, those who share or have shared syringes or needles, and those in high-risk birth cohorts (1950s, 1960s, and 1970s) in the Southern Triangle Macro-region.

Saprophytic fungi are being increasingly recognized as etiologic agents of mycoses in immunosuppressed patients. We report a case of subcutaneous infiltration by Aureobasidium pullulans, likely due to traumatic inoculation, in a neutropenic patient during chemotherapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The patient was treated with amphotericin B deoxycholate but was subsequently switched to itraconazole, which improved the lesion. This case highlights the importance of considering unusual fungal infections in critically ill patients such as those who are immunosuppressed due to chemotherapy. Diagnostic techniques and effective antifungal therapy have improved the prognosis of these cases.

A maioria dos infectados pelo vírus da hepatite C (VHC) é assintomática ou apresenta somente manifestações hepáticas, porém uma significativa porcentagem evolui com desordens autoimunes e linfoproliferativas resultando na síndrome da hepatite C. Este trabalho envolve seis estudos de casos de pacientes com hepatite C e várias manifestações cutâneas, visando relacionar lesões dermatológicas ao VHC e ao seu tratamento. Manifestações dermatológicas na hepatite C têm sido baseadas em estudos epidemiológicos. Isto justifica a necessidade de estudos que correlacionem infecção pelo VHC e seu tratamento com as manifestações dermatológicas.

While most of those infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) are asymptomatic or only develop liver manifestations, a significant percentage evolves with autoimmune and lymphoproliferative disorders, resulting in a clinical condition called HCV syndrome. This work involving case studies of six patients with hepatitis C and varied skin manifestation aimed to report skin lesions occurring with HCV infection and its treatment. Skin manifestations in hepatitis C have been based on epidemiological studies. This justifies the need for studies that correlate HCV infection and its treatment with skin manifestations.

O presente relato descreve dois pacientes que apresentaram toxoplasmose aguda, disseminada e grave como primeira manifestação oportunista da síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida. Os achados clínicos e laboratoriais foram similares aos de sepse ou choque séptico e, em ambos os casos houve evolução rápida para óbito. À necropsia, foi observada reação inflamatória e presença de taquizoítos e cistos de Toxoplasma gondii na maioria dos órgãos examinados.

This report describes two patients who presented acute disseminated and severe toxoplasmosis as the first opportunistic disease related to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. At admission, clinical and laboratory findings were similar to sepsis or septic shock and a fast evolutive course to death occurred in both cases. At necropsy, an inflammatory reaction and presence of a great number of Toxoplasma gondii cysts and tachyzoites were observed in most organs examined.

Avaliamos a função autonômica cardíaca de pacientes chagásicos, hipertensos, e chagásicos portadores de hipertensão arterial e comparamos com o grupo controle, por meio do estudo computadorizado da variabilidade da freqüência cardíaca no estado basal de repouso supino, esfriamento facial (estímulo parassimpático) e ortostatismo passivo (tilt test). Foram estudados 80 indivíduos em quatro grupos de 20: chagas (CHG), hipertenso (HAS), chagas-hipertenso (CHG-HAS) e controle (CONT), com idade entre 21 a 60 anos. Todos foram avaliados por eletrocardiograma, ecocardiograma, radiografia de tórax, bioquímica do sangue, sorologia para doença de Chagas e, nos chagásicos, estudo radiológico contrastado de esôfago e cólons para caracterização quanto à forma clínica. Não houve diferença entre os grupos quanto à idade, gênero, e uso de medicamentos, índices de desempenho ventricular esquerdo e diâmetros cavitários cardíacos. Os grupos CHG e CHG-HAS não diferiram quanto ao número de pacientes pertencentes a cada forma clínica da doença. Os níveis pressóricos dos pacientes hipertensos e chagásicos-hipertensos foram semelhantes e significativamente maiores do que os níveis dos chagásicos e controles. Na condição basal e durante o ortostatismo não se observou diferença estatística quanto aos índices temporais. As respostas autonômicas ao esfriamento facial não foram diferentes entre os grupos, sugerindo preservação da resposta vagal.