Abstract To evaluate the effect of two microbial preparations on the hematological and biochemical blood values of pigs, 120 piglets were used (Duroc/Yorkshire/Landrace), distributed according to a completely randomized design into three groups of 40 animals each: T1) control; T2) microbial preparation A and T3) microbial preparation B. Treatment T2 contained Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus. T3 was composed by T2 microorganisms plus Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces fragilis (L-4 UCLV). At 14 and 42 days of age of the piglets, samples were taken to evaluate the effect of additives in the hematological profile and blood biochemistry. Values of hemoglobin, hematocrit and erythrocytes, as well as high density lipoproteins were higher (P <0.05) in T3 for both ages of animals. Evaluation of hemochemical changes in the blood of piglets supplemented with two microbial preparations. While, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular concentration and total proteins were lower (P <0.05) in T2 and T3, leukocytes, basophils, eosinophils, albumin, glucose and triglycerides were higher (P <0.05) in the animals of control group. However, values of blood concentration and blood biochemistry were among the normal parameters for this species. It is concluded that the addition of microbial preparations with probiotic activity to the diets of piglets favorably improves the values of the blood and biochemical profile of the blood and, thereby, improves the physiological state and health of the animals.

Resumen Para evaluar el efecto de dos preparados microbianos en los valores hematológicos y bioquímicos sanguíneos de lechones se utilizaron 120 cerditos (Duroc/Yorkshire/Landrace), distribuidos según diseño completamente aleatorizado en tres grupos de 40 animales cada uno: T1) control; T2) preparado microbiano A y T3) preparado microbiano B. El T2 contenía Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. bulgaricus y Streptococcus thermophilus. El T3 estuvo compuesto por los microorganismos del T2 más Saccharomyces cerevisiae y Kluyveromyces fragilis (L-4 UCLV). A los 14 y 42 d de edad de los lechones, se tomaron muestras para evaluar el efecto de los aditivos en el perfil hematológico y bioquímica sanguínea. Los valores de hemoglobina, hematocrito y eritrocitos, así como las lipoproteínas de alta densidad fueron mayores (P < 0.05) en el T3 para ambas edades de los animales. Mientras que, volumen corpúsculo media, hemoglobina corpuscular media, concentración corpuscular media y proteínas totales fueron menores (P < 0.05) en el T2 y T3. Los leucocitos, basófilos, eosinófilos, albúmina, glucosa y triglicéridos fueron mayores (P < 0.05) en los animales del grupo control. No obstante, los valores de la concentración hemática y bioquímica sanguínea estuvieron entre los parámetros normales para esta especie. Se concluye que la adición de los preparados microbianos con actividad probiótica en las dietas de cerdos jóvenes mejora favorablemente los valores del perfil hemático y bioquímico de la sangre y con ello, mejoran el estado fisiológico y la salud de los animales.

O crescimento dos insetos é regulado por um complexo hormonal que inclui o hormônio juvenil, que assegura ao inseto a retenção de suas características larvais, prevenindo a maturação. A aplicação de análogos do hormônio juvenil em Bombyx mori tem promovido o incremento da produção de seda; entretanto, altas doses podem provocar efeitos deletérios sobre a biologia do inseto. Este estudo avaliou a pulverização de diferentes análogos do hormônio juvenil sobre o bicho-da-seda e seus efeitos sobre o desenvolvimento larval e a produção de seda. Lagartas foram expostas a piriproxifeno, metopreno e fenoxicarbe a doses de 20, 2 e 0,02 ppb de ingrediente ativo, respectivamente, através da pulverização dos insetos e do alimento a 48 horas após a quarta ecdise. A administração de análogos do hormônio juvenil promoveu aumentos no período larval, massa de glândulas sericígenas, peso de casulos e de pupas. Os produtos testados afetaram negativamente a taxa de encasulamento. Metopreno promoveu o maior incremento na produção de seda e menor taxa de mortalidade, podendo seu uso ser recomendado na sericicultura.

Insect growth is regulated by a hormonal complex that includes the juvenile hormone, which assures to the insect the retention of its larval characteristics, preventing maturation. Applications of juvenile hormone analogues on Bombyx mori have induced increases in silk production; however, high doses may promote deleterious effects on the biology of the insect. The present study evaluated the spraying of different juvenile hormone analogues on the silkworms and their effects on the larval development and silk production. Larvae were exposed to piryproxyfen, methoprene and fenoxycarb at titers of 20, 2 and 0.02 ppb a.i., respectively, sprayed on the insects and food at 48 hours after the fourth ecdysis. The administration of juvenile hormone analogues promoted increases in the larval period, silk glands, cocoon and pupae weight. The tested products had a negative effect on the cocooning rate. Methoprene promoted a larger increment in the silk production and smaller fall in the cocooning rate, and its use can be recommended in sericulture.

RESUMO O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade de voo, o parasitismo e a emergência de linhagens de Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, criadas em laboratório por 54 gerações sobre Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) e oriundas de quatro municípios do Mato Grosso. O delineamento estatístico foi o inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos (linhagens) e sete repetições (cada uma com 30 ovos inviáveis de S. cerealella). Avaliou-se a porcentagem de insetos voadores, caminhadores, não-voadores, parasitismo e emergência. A porcentagem de parasitoides voadores de Rondonópolis (97,7) foi superior às de Primavera do Leste (91,7), Jaciara (85,9) e Pedra Preta (94) pelo teste de ScottKnott (P < 0,05). A porcentagem de caminhadores não diferiu nas linhagens de Rondonópolis (0,6) e Pedra Preta (2,6). Para os parasitoides não voadores não se detectaram diferenças nas linhagens de Primavera do Leste (3,6%), Jaciara (3,1%), Rondonópolis (1,7%) e Pedra Preta (3,7%). A taxa de parasitismo foi semelhante entre as linhagens e variou de 69,2% (Pedra Preta) a 81,9% (Rondonópolis). A emergência foi superior a 80% em todas as linhagens e também não diferiu entre elas. Após 54 gerações as quatro linhagens estão em ótimas condições de atividade de voo, parasitismo e emergência, para serem utilizadas em programas de controle biológico.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the flight capacity, parasitism and emergence of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley strains, collected from 4 localities of Mato Grosso State, Brazil, reared in the laboratory for 54 generations, and fed on Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) eggs. A completely randomized statistical design was adopted, with 4 treatments (strains) and 7 replicates (30 unviable eggs of S. cerealella). The percentage of flying, running and nonflying insects, parasitism and emergence rate were evaluated. Percentage of flying parasitoids from the Rondonópolis strain (97.7) was higher than for the Primavera do Leste (91.7), Jaciara (85.9) and Pedra Preta (94.0) strains, according to the Scott-Knott test (P < 0.05). The percentage of running insects did not differ between the Rondonópolis (0.6) and Black Stone strains (2.6). For the nonflying parasitoids, differences were not detected in the Primavera do Leste (3.6%), Jaciara (3.1%), Rondonópolis (1.7%) or Pedra Preta strains (3.7%). The parasitism rate was similar among the strains and varied from 69.2% (Pedra Preta strain) to 81.9% (Rondonópolis strain). The emergence rate did not differ among the strains and was superior to 80% in all the strains. After 54 generations the 4 strains are in adequate flight activity, parasitism and emergence conditions to be used in biological control programs.

Introduction: Nocturia is the main cause of insomnia or sleep interruption in adult men, which has a negative impact on daily activities, quality of life (QoL) and quality of sleep (QoS). The assessment of nocturia and its impact on QoL and QoS in patients suffering from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has been poor in terms of clinical research, moreover there is a lack of specific methods to assess this impact. Objetives: The objectives of BPH treatment should include the improvement of patient’s QoL by controlling both diurnal and nocturnal symptoms. In order to assess how nocturia affects QoL and also QoS, some specific tools, such as N-QoL questionnaire or the number of Hours of Undisturbed Sleep (HUS), have been recently developed. Therefore, it would be interesting to assess how nocturia reduction due to LUTS/BPH treatment can impact on some objective parameters such as HUS and also how nocturia reduction improves QoS and QoL . This assessment should be developed during the application of pharmacological treatments in clinical practice by means of these specific tools. With the aim of tackling nocturia as an urologic problem in patients with LUTS/BPH, as well as knowing the physiology of sleep and the effect of nocturia on the sleep and QoL, a meeting of expert urologists, that gathered about fifty specialists of all around Spain, was held in Madrid. This article presents the main ideas and concepts exposed in this meeting. Conclusions: Nocturia is a symptom with a high prevalence in older patients with STUI/BPH. The PreNoc study has showed a Nocturia prevalence in Spain of 83% in patients ≥60 years old diagnosed of BPH. Nocturia is the most bothersome symptom in patients with STUI/BPH.

Introducción: La nocturia es la principal causa de insomnio o de interrupción del sueño en varones adultos, ello se traduce en un efecto negativo sobre la actividad diaria, la calidad de vida y la calidad del sueño. La valoración de la nocturia y su impacto en la Calidad de Vida (CdV) y en la Calidad del Sueño (CdS) en el paciente con HBP ha sido escasa desde el punto de vista de la investigación clínica, además de la falta de métodos específicos que evaluasen dicho impacto. Objetivos: Entre los objetivos del tratamiento de la HBP debería procurarse la mejora de la calidad de vida del paciente mediante el control de los síntomas tanto de día como de noche. Recientemente se han desarrollado instrumentos específicos para valorar la afectación de la nocturia en la CdV, como es el cuestionario N-QoL, así como la afectación en la CdS, por medio de las horas de sueño ininterrumpido (HUS). Sería interesante evaluar cómo la reducción de la nocturia originada por el tratamiento sobre los STUI/HBP puede influir en parámetros objetivos como las HUS, y cómo se traduce en una mejora de la calidad del sueño y de la calidad de vida. Esta valoración debería realizarse, con la ayuda de estas herramientas específicas, durante el desarrollo clínico de los tratamientos farmacológicos. Con objeto de abordar la nocturia como problema urológico en los pacientes con STUI/HBP, así como de conocer la fisiología del sueño y el efecto de la nocturia sobre el sueño y sobre la calidad de vida, se celebró en Madrid una reunión de expertos urólogos que congregó a una cincuentena de profesionales de toda España. Este artículo presenta los principales conceptos expuestos en esta reunión. Conclusiones: La nocturia es un síntoma de alta prevalencia en la población masculina de edad avanzada con STUI / HBP. El estudio PreNoc mostró una prevalencia de nocturia en España del 83% en pacientes ≥60 años diagnosticados de HBP. La nocturia es el síntoma más molesto en los pacientes con STUI/HBP.