Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi identificar o estágio de mudança de comportamento relativo ao consumo de alimentos gordurosos e açúcares, baseado no modelo transteórico, em adolescentes com excesso de peso. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com adolescentes de Santa Cruz do Sul/RS com sobrepeso ou obesidade. Verificou-se o estado nutricional (pelo índice de massa corporal) e o risco cardiovascular (pela circunferência da cintura). Aplicou-se um instrumento para identificar o número de porções diárias consumidas de alimentos fontes de açúcares e gorduras, o estágio de mudança pelo modelo transteórico, assim como as barreiras, benefícios e autoeficácia, visando a modificações de consumo desses alimentos. Avaliaram-se 246 adolescentes, com média de idade de 12,9±1,8 anos. Sessenta e um por cento eram do sexo feminino; 77,3%, púberes; 53,3%, obesos; e 57,3% tinham risco cardiovascular. Oitenta e sete por cento da amostra consumia mais do que 3 porções/dia; e 53,7% estava em estágio de preparação. O escore de barreiras (16,9 ± 4,5) foi menor que de benefícios (27,7 ± 5,2) e de autoeficácia (31,1 ± 6,4). A média do escore de benefício foi significativamente mais elevada no grupo com risco cardiovascular (28,8 ± 4,5 vs 26,4 ± 5,7; p<0,001). Concluiu-se que os adolescentes consumiam, em sua grande maioria, mais do que 3 porções por dia de alimentos gordurosos e açúcares, e o estágio de mudança predominante foi de preparação. O escore de barreiras foi mais baixo, comparado aos benefícios e autoeficácia, sendo que não houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos sobrepeso ou obesidade.

Abstract The objective of the study was to identify, in adolescents with excess weight, the stage of behavior change related to the consumption of sugars-rich and high-fat foods, based on the transtheoretical model. This is a cross-sectional study with adolescents with overweight or obesity from Santa Cruz do Sul/RS/Brazil, registered at schools in an urban area. Nutritional status (by body mass index) and cardiovascular risk (by waist circumference) were assessed. An instrument was applied in order to quantify the number of daily portions of sugar-rich and high-fat food sources consumed, the stage of change by the transtheoretical model, as well as the barriers, benefits, and self-efficacy regarding changes in habits of eating those foods. A total of 246 adolescents, with a mean age of 12.9 ± 1.8 years, was evaluated. Sixty-one percent were female; 77.3%, pubertal; 53.3%, obese; 57.3% had cardiovascular risk. Eighty-seven percent of the sample consumed more than 3 servings/day; and 53.7% were in the preparation stage. The barrier score (16.9 ± 4.5) was lower than the scores of benefits (27.7 ± 5.2) and self-efficacy (31.1 ± 6.4). The mean benefit score was significantly higher in the group with cardiovascular risk (28.8 ± 4.5 vs 26.4 ± 5.7; p < 0.001). It was concluded that a majority of the adolescents consumed more than 3 servings of sugar-rich and high-fat foods per day; the predominant stage of change was preparation. The barrier score was lower, as compared to the scores of benefits and self-efficacy, and there were no significant differences between the groups overweight or obesity.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto de uma intervenção nutricional no estado nutricional, no consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados e na qualidade de vida de adolescentes com excesso de peso. Métodos: Estudo experimental, realizado com escolares com excesso de peso, que foram divididos em dois grupos, intervenção e controle. A intervenção nutricional durou seis meses, com abordagem educativa e motivacional. Foram avaliados, antes e após o período, estado nutricional (circunferência da cintura e índice de massa corporal), qualidade de vida e consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados. Resultados: Participaram 62 adolescentes com sobrepeso ou obesidade, 37 do grupo intervenção e 25 do grupo controle, 13,2 ± 1,5 anos no grupo intervenção e 13,0 ± 1,8 anos no grupo controle, ambos com maior participação do sexo feminino. No índice de massa corporal houve mudanças [grupo intervenção (variação de −0,81 ± 2,28); grupo controle (variação de −0,64 ± 1,28)] e circunferência da cintura para os grupos intervenção (variação de −3,31 ± 5,47). No consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados pré e pós, houve redução significativa no grupo intervenção do consumo de refrigerante [variação de −0,07 (−0,27 a 0,00)], macarrão instantâneo [variação de −0,03 (−0,07 a 0,00)] e bolacha recheada [variação de −0,06 (−0,26 a 0,00)]. A qualidade de vida aumentou no grupo intervenção e reduziu no grupo controle, sem relevância estatística intra (p = 0,162) ou entre grupos pré (p = 0,426) e pós (0,249), reduziu a pontuação do domínio emocional, com variação significativa no grupo intervenção (pré e pós) (Δ−19,0 ± 40,6). Conclusão: Obteve-se uma diminuição do índice de massa corporal e circunferência da cintura (obesidade central mais relacionada com resistência insulínica), diminuição de alimentos ultraprocessados (refrigerante, biscoito recheado e macarrão instantâneo), tendência de melhoria da qualidade de vida (contudo, diminuição dos domínios da qualidade de vida emocional e escolar).

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the impact of a nutritional intervention on nutritional status, ultra-processed food consumption, and quality of life of adolescents with excess weight. Methods: Experimental study with adolescent students with excess weight, divided into two groups, an intervention group and a control group. The nutritional intervention lasted six months, with an educational and motivational approach. Nutritional status (waist circumference and body mass index), quality of life, and ultra-processed food consumption were evaluated before and after the period. Results: Sixty-two adolescents with overweight or obesity participated in the study, 37 in the intervention group and 25 in the control group, aged 13.2 ± 1.5 years in intervention group, and 13.0 ± 1.8 years in control group, both of which had a higher female participation. There were changes in the body mass index (intervention group Δ: −0.81 ± 2.28, control group Δ: −0.64 ± 1.28) and in the waist circumference for intervention group (Δ:−3.31 ± 5.47). For the pre- and post-ultra-processed food consumption, there was a significant reduction in the consumption of soft drinks in the intervention group (Δ: −0.07 [−0.27 to 0.00]), instant noodles (Δ: −0.03 [−0.07 to 0.00]), and sandwich cookies (Δ: −0.06 [−0.26 to 0.00]). The quality of life increased in the intervention group and decreased in the control group, with no intra- (p = 0.162) or intergroup statistical relevance in the pre- (p = 0.426) and post- (0.249) intervention period, with a reduction in the emotional domain score, with a significant variation in the intervention group (pre and post; Δ: −19.0 ± 40.6). Conclusion: There was a decrease in body mass index and waist circumference (central obesity being more often related to insulin resistance), reduction of ultra-processed food consumption (soft drinks, sandwich cookies, and instant noodles), and a tendency toward quality of life improvement (however, there was a decrease in the domains of emotional and school quality of life).

Resumo Objetivo: avaliar a performance do timed up and go test (TUG) como ferramenta de rastreamento para sarcopenia em idosos residentes em um município da região Sul do Brasil. Método: Realizou-se um estudo transversal, de base domiciliar com 322 idosos. O diagnóstico de sarcopenia foi baseado nos critérios propostos pelo European Group Working Sarcopenia Older People (EGWSOP). Uma curva Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) foi construída para avaliar o poder discriminatório do TUG no rastreamento da sarcopenia. Resultado: Com um ponto de corte de 7,5 segundos, o teste apresentou uma área sob a curva (AUC) de: 0,66 (IC 0,56-0,76; p=0,002), sensibilidade e valor preditivo negativo adequados, 88,9% e 93,2%, respectivamente. Conclusão: Em função da facilidade e rápida execução, além do baixo custo, esse teste torna-se interessante para o rastreamento da sarcopenia, especialmente em idosos com boa capacidade física e cognitiva. Identificar precocemente os indivíduos com provável sarcopenia pode possibilitar intervenções preventivas ou intervenções diretivas para o manejo dessa síndrome geriátrica.

Abstract Objective: to evaluate the performance of the Timed Up and Go test (TUG) as a screening tool for sarcopenia in elderly persons living in a city in the south of Brazil. Method: A cross-sectional, home-based study was conducted with 322 elderly persons. The diagnosis of sarcopenia was based on the criteria proposed by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EGWSOP). A Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to assess the discriminatory power of the TUG on sarcopenia screening. Results: With a cutoff point of 7.5 seconds, the test had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.66 (CI 0.56-0.76; p=0.002) and adequate sensitivity and negative predictive values (88.9% and 93.2%, respectively). Conclusion: Due to its ease of use and rapid execution, in addition to its low cost, this test is useful for the screening of sarcopenia, especially among elderly persons with good physical and cognitive abilities. The early identification of individuals with probable sarcopenia may allow for preventive or directive interventions for the management of this geriatric syndrome.

Objective: To evaluate macro and micronutrients intake of adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in use of antiretroviral therapy and compare it to the Dietary Reference Intakes. Methodology: Cross-sectional study conducted with adolescents of both genders with HIV/AIDS, assessing the dietary composition of macro and micronutrients, using the 24h dietary recall. Results: 39 adolescents, average age of 15 years, 51.3% males. The participants intake of total calories, total fiber (g/d), liposoluble vitamins (A, D, E, K), vitamin B5 (mg/d), vitamin B9 (mg/d), vitamin C (mg/d), calcium (mg/d), phosphorus (mg/d), potassium (mg/d), and magnesium (mg/d) was lower than recommended. The percentages of intake lower than recommended were 79.5% for calories, 82.1% for total fibers, 89.7% for vitamin A, 100% for vitamin D, 87.2% for vitamin E, 100% for vitamin K, 71.8% for vitamin B5, 82.1% for vitamin B9, 76.9% for vitamin C, 92.3% for calcium, 61.5% for phosphorus, 97.4% for potassium, and 76.9% for magnesium. The participants ingested more carbohydrates (g), proteins (g), vitamins B2 (mg/d), B3 (mg/d), B8 (mg/d) and sodium (g/d) than recommended, the percentages above the recommendations being 92.3% for carbohydrates, 64.1% for proteins and vitamin B2, 56.4% for vitamin B3, 82.1% for vitamin B8, and 59% for sodium. The remaining nutrients were within the amounts recommended by the DRIs. Conclusion: Food intake was inadequate as compared to the recommendations of the International Nutrition Guidelines.

Objetivo: identificar la ingestión alimentaria de macro y micronutrientes en adolescentes viviendo con VIH/sida que usan terapia anti-retroviral y compararlos a las Dietary Reference Intakes. Metodología: estudio transversal realizado con adolescentes de ambos sexos con VIH/sida, en el que se evaluó la composición dietética de macro y micronutrientes a través del recordatorio alimentario de 24h. Resultados: 39 adolescentes con una edad promedio de 15 años, un 51,3% del sexo masculino. Los participantes consumieron menos calorías totales en la dieta, fibra total (g/d), vitaminas liposolubles (A, D, E, K), vitamina B5 (mg/d), vitamina B9 (mg/d), vitamina C (mg/d), calcio (mg/d), fósforo (mg/d), potasio (mg/d) y magnesio (mg/d) que lo recomendado. Los porcentajes de ingestión por debajo de lo recomendado representaron el 79,5% para las calorías, el 82,1% para la fibra total, el 89,7% para la vitamina A, el 100% para la vitamina D, el 87,2% para la vitamina E, el 100% para la vitamina K, el 71,8% para la vitamina B5, el 82,1% para la vitamina B9, el 76,9% para la vitamina C, el 92,3% para el calcio, el 61,5% para el fósforo, el 97,4% para el potasio y el 76,9% para el magnesio. Los participantes consumían más carbohidratos (g), proteínas (g), vitaminas B2 (mg/d), B3 (mg/d), B8 (mg/d) y sodio (g/d) de lo recomendado, representando porcentajes por encima de la ingestión del 92,3% para los hidratos de carbono, del 64,1% para las proteínas y la vitamina B2, del 56,4% para la vitamina B3, del 82,1% para la vitamina B8 y del 59% para el sodio. Los demás nutrientes estaban dentro de lo recomendado por las DRIs. Conclusión: el consumo alimentario fue inadecuado en comparación con lo recomendado por las Directrices Internacionales de Nutrición.

Objective: demonstrate adipokines progression, along 12 months, in obese children and adolescents who attend the Obesity Outpatient Clinic for Children and Adolescents of the HCPA. Methods: children and adolescents in medical treatment for obesity were followed for 12 months, assessing anthropometry, blood pressure, waist circumference, lipid profile, fasting blood sugar and insulin, inter leukine- 6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and adiponectin in two points in time: at inclusion and after 12 months follow-up in the Obesity Outpatient Clinic for Children and Adolescents. Results: 27 children and adolescents were assessed with median age of 10.3 years. The mean BMI z-scores lowered during this period (p < 0.01), HDL-c increased in the period (p = 0.025). The medians of adipokines did not vary during the period: IL-6 (p = 0.470), TNF-α (p = 0.753) and adiponectin (p = 0.943). There was no correlation of IL-6 and TNF-α with central and global obesity along the 12-months follow-up. Adiponectin increased in 45% of the sample, the increase being more pronounced in females. Conclusion: children and adolescents in medical treatment for obesity, after one-year follow-up, did not improve their adiponectin profile.

Objetivo: demostrar la evolución de las adipocinas a lo largo de 12 meses en niños obesos usuarios del Ambulatorio de Obesidad Infantojuvenil. Métodología: se hizo el seguimiento de niños y adolescentes en tratamiento clínico para obesidad a lo largo de 12 meses. Se los evaluó en lo tocante a antropometría, presión arterial, circunferencia de cintura, perfil lipídico, glicemia e insulina en ayuno, interleucina 6, factor de necrosis tumoral alfa y adiponectina en dos instancias: inclusión y después de 12 meses de seguimiento en el Ambulatorio de Obesidad Infantojuvenil. Resultados: se evaluaron 27 niños y adolescentes con una media de edad de 10,3 años. Los valores promedio de la puntuación-z del IMC bajaron en el periodo (p < 0,01), el HDL-c aumentó sus niveles en este periodo (p = 0,025). Las medianas de las adipocinas no variaron a lo largo del periodo: IL-6 (p = 0,470), TNF-α (p = 0,753) y adiponectina (p = 0,943). No hubo correlación entre la IL-6 y el TNF-α con obesidad central y global a lo largo de los 12 meses de seguimiento. El 45% de la muestra aumentó sus valores de adiponectina, siendo mayor este aumento en el sexo femenino. Conclusión: los niños y adolescentes en tratamiento clínico para obesidad tras un año de seguimiento no mejoraron su perfil de adipocinas.