The network of HIV counseling and testing centers in São Paulo, Brazil is a major source of data used to build epidemiological profiles of the client population. We examined HIV-1 incidence from November 2000 to April 2001, comparing epidemiological and socio-behavioral data of recently-infected individuals with those with long-standing infection. A less sensitive ELISA was employed to identify recent infection. The overall incidence of HIV-1 infection was 0.53/100/year (95% CI: 0.31-0.85/100/year): 0.77/100/year for males (95% CI: 0.42-1.27/100/year) and 0.22/100/ year (95% CI: 0.05-0.59/100/year) for females. Overall HIV-1 prevalence was 3.2% (95% CI: 2.8-3.7%), being 4.0% among males (95% CI: 3.3-4.7%) and 2.1% among females (95% CI: 1.6-2.8%). Recent infections accounted for 15% of the total (95% CI: 10.2-20.8%). Recent infection correlated with being younger and male (p = 0.019). Therefore, recent infection was more common among younger males and older females.

Several strategies aim at characterizing the AIDS epidemic in different parts of the world. Among these, the identification of recent HIV-1 infections using the recently described serologic testing algorithm for recent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroconversion (STARHS) strategy was employed in four testing sites of the City of São Paulo Public Health Department (CSPPHD). Those identified as recently infected were invited to participate in a prospective clinical and laboratory evaluation study. We describe the establishment of the patient identification network and the success in enrolling the participants, as well as their clinical and laboratory characteristics. From May to December 2002, 6,443 persons were tested for HIV in the four participating sites, of whom 384 (5.96%) tested HIV-1 positive; 43 (11.2%) of them were identified as recently infected. Twenty-two were successfully enrolled in the follow-up study, but three of them did not meet clinical and/or laboratory criteria for recent HIV-1 infection. After these exclusions, the laboratory findings revealed a median CD4+ T lymphocyte count of 585 cells/muL (inter-quartile range 25-75% [IQR], 372-754), a CD8+ T lymphocyte count of 886 cells/muL (IQR, 553-1098), a viral load of 11,000 HIV-RNA copies/mL (IQR, 3,650-78,150), log10 of 4.04 (IQR 3.56-4.88). The identification of recent HIV infections is an extremely valuable way to evaluate the spread of the virus in a given population, especially when cohort studies, considered the gold standard method to evaluate incidence, are not available. This work demonstrated that establishing a network to identify such patients is a feasible task, even considering the difficulties in a large, resource-limited country or city.

Centros de Testagem e Aconselhamento em DST/HIV (CTA) oferecem, entre outras atividades, a realização de testes sorológicos anti-HIV e VDRL. Estes serviços dispõem de coleta sistemática de dados permitindo conhecer o perfil epidemiológico dos indivíduos infectados. O presente estudo descreve o perfil epidemiológico das pessoas com sorologia positiva que utilizaram um dos maiores CTA do país, durante os anos de 2001 e 2002. Foram utilizados dados de sorologia positiva e das entrevistas (pré e pós teste) realizadas de rotina. Obsevou-se 470 (4%) resultados positivos entre 10657 testes sorológicos realizados, sendo que grande parte (81,4%) dos usuários com sorologia positiva são do sexo masculino. A idade média dos indivíduos estudados foi 32,3 anos, sem diferencial para sexo (p=0,968); 75% trabalham; 41% dos usuários do sexo feminino e 77% do sexo masculino são solteiros (p<0,001); 43% possuem segundo grau (completo e incompleto). Quanto à categoria de exposição, 36% são homossexuais, 34% são heterossexuais e 27% bissexuais. Alto percentual refere ter parceiros múltiplos (82%); 32% referem utilizar preservativo sempre.

STD/HIV Counseling and Testing Centers (CTA) provide serological testing for HIV and syphilis, among other activities. These centers collect and register data systematically, and thus allow profiling of HIV-positive individuals. The present study presents the epidemiological profile of HIV-positive individuals who attended a high-demand center from January 2001 to December 2002. Data from serological tests with positive results and information recorded during the interviews (pre- and post-testing) were used as sources. During the period, there were 470 (4%) positive results, out of 10,657 tests performed. Most HIV-positive individuals were male (81.4%); the average age among all positive individuals was 32.3 years; 75% were employed; 41% of HIV-positive females and 77% males were single (p<0.001). Regarding exposure category, 36% of individuals classified themselves as homosexuals, 34% as heterosexuals and 27% as bisexuals. A very large percentage reported having multiple partners (82%) and 32% claimed to always use condoms.

Centros de Testagem e Aconselhamento em DST/HIV (CTA) oferecem, entre outras atividades, a realização de testes sorológicos anti-HIV e VDRL. Estes serviços dispõem de coleta sistemática de dados permitindo conhecer o perfil epidemiológico dos indivíduos infectados. O presente estudo descreve o perfil epidemiológico das pessoas com sorologia positiva que utilizaram um dos maiores CTA do país, durante os anos de 2001 e 2002. Foram utilizados dados de sorologia positiva e das entrevistas (pré e pós teste) realizadas de rotina. Obsevou-se 470 (4%) resultados positivos entre 10657 testes sorológicos realizados, sendo que grande parte (81,4%) dos usuários com sorologia positiva são do sexo masculino. A idade média dos indivíduos estudados foi 32,3 anos, sem diferencial para sexo (p=0,968); 75% trabalham; 41% dos usuários do sexo feminino e 77% do sexo masculino são solteiros (p<0,001); 43% possuem segundo grau (completo e incompleto). Quanto à categoria de exposição, 36% são homossexuais, 34% são heterossexuais e 27% bissexuais. Alto percentual refere ter parceiros múltiplos (82%); 32% referem utilizar preservativo sempre.

STD/HIV Counseling and Testing Centers (CTA) provide serological testing for HIV and syphilis, among other activities. These centers collect and register data systematically, and thus allow profiling of HIV-positive individuals. The present study presents the epidemiological profile of HIV-positive individuals who attended a high-demand center from January 2001 to December 2002. Data from serological tests with positive results and information recorded during the interviews (pre- and post-testing) were used as sources. During the period, there were 470 (4%) positive results, out of 10,657 tests performed. Most HIV-positive individuals were male (81.4%); the average age among all positive individuals was 32.3 years; 75% were employed; 41% of HIV-positive females and 77% males were single (p<0.001). Regarding exposure category, 36% of individuals classified themselves as homosexuals, 34% as heterosexuals and 27% as bisexuals. A very large percentage reported having multiple partners (82%) and 32% claimed to always use condoms.