Abstract Objective: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement has been an alternative to invasive treatment for symptomatic severe aortic stenosis in high risk patients. The primary endpoint was 30-day and 1-year mortality from any cause. Secondary endpoints were to compare the clinical and echocardiographic variation pre-and post- transcatheter aortic valve replacement, and the occurrence of complications throughout a 4-year follow-up period. Methods: This prospective cohort, nestled to a multicenter study (Registro Brasileiro de Implante de Bioprótese por Cateter), describes the experience of a public tertiary center in transcatheter aortic valve replacement. All patients who underwent this procedure between October 2011 and February 2016 were included. Results: Fifty-eight patients underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement. The 30-day all-cause mortality was 5.2% (n=3) and after 1 year was 17.2% (n=10). A significant improvement in New York Heart Association functional classification was observed when comparing pre-and post- transcatheter aortic valve replacement (III or IV 84.4% versus 5.8%; P<0.001). A decline in peak was observed (P<0.001) and mean (P<0.001) systolic transaortic gradient. The results of peak and mean post-implant transaortic gradient were sustained after one year (P=0.29 and P=0.36, respectively). Left ventricular ejection fraction did not change significantly during follow-up (P=0.41). The most frequent complications were bleeding (28.9%), the need for permanent pacemaker (27.6%) and acute renal injury (20.6%). Conclusion: Mortality and complications in this study were consistent with worldwide experience. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement had positive clinical and hemodynamic results, when comparing pre-and post-procedure, and the hemodynamic profile of the prosthesis was sustained throughout follow-up.

This article aims to contribute to the understanding of the process of import substitution in Sub-Saharan Africa. The process of industrialization in Sub-Saharan Africa occurred in two phases: a first step, even very early during the colonial regime began around the 1920s and ended in the late forties; a second phase of industrialization began in the late fifties and gained momentum in the sixties, when import substitution was implemented more widely. Although these countries were the last to embark on the strategy of import substitution, they followed the same steps of Latin American countries, and as the structural domestic and external constraints were too strong, the failure of the policy of import substitution arrived early and the negative impact on these economies had a greater magnitude.

OBJECTIVO: o objectivo deste estudo consiste na criação de um Texto Foneticamente Equilibrado para o Português-Europeu (PE) designado "O Sol". MÉTODO: quatro sujeitos da região de Setúbal, entre [21-49] anos (dois do sexo feminino e dois do masculino) leram em voz alta o texto "O Sol". As gravações realizadas com Olympus (VN- 240PC e VN- 2100PC com microfones integrados) serviram para a contabilização dos fonemas produzidos. Os procedimentos foram: 1) a comparação entre as frequências relativas dos fonemas do "O Sol" e as frequências relativas descritas no PF_fone, através do coeficiente de correlação de Pearson e do teste de Mann-Whitney; 2) a comparação entre a transcrição larga e a estreita, verificando-se os fenómenos de coarticulação; e 3) a análise dos formatos silábicos. RESULTADOS: a análise estatística demonstrou que as frequências relativas de ocorrência dos fonemas do texto "O Sol" têm uma correlação forte com as do PF_fone (r = 0,924). As medianas das frequências relativas de ocorrência dos fonemas do texto foram significativamente iguais das do PF_fone (p<.05). CONCLUSÃO: o texto "O Sol" está próximo de um texto foneticamente equilibrado ideal, uma vez que se verificaram os pressupostos pré-definidos. Fonologicamente, apresenta os formatos silábicos mais frequentes no PE, verificou-se ainda uma diminuição na frequência relativa de fonemas na transcrição estreita, devido a fenómenos de coarticulação. Futuros trabalhos incidirão no aumento da amostra.

PURPOSE: the aim of this study is to elaborate a Phonetically Balanced Text for the European-Portuguese (EP) called "O Sol" (The Sun). METHOD: four subjects (two females and two males) with [21-49] year-old read aloud the text. Recordings were obtained with Olympus (VN-240PC and VN-2100PC) and were used to account the produced phonemes. The procedures were: 1) the comparison between the relative frequency of the phonemes of "O Sol" and the relative frequency described in PF_fone through the correlation coefficient of Pearson and the Mann-Whitney, 2) the comparison between the large and short transcriptions in order to analyze the co-articulation phenomenon 3) the analysis of the syllabic formats. RESULTS: statistical analysis showed that relative frequency occurrence of phonemes of the text "O Sol" have a strong correlation with those of PF_fone (r = 0,924). The median values of the relative frequency occurrence of phonemes of "O Sol" were significantly equal to the PF_fone (p<.05). CONCLUSION: the text "O Sol (The Sun)" is close to an ideal phonetically balanced text, since it achieved the predefined assumptions. Phonologically, it shows the most common formats syllable in the EP. We verified a decrease in relative frequency of phonemes in the close transcription, due to co-articulation phenomenon. Future work will focus on increasing said sample.

The process of forming a bond and affection is essential for the baby because it generates an emotional basis supported by security and stability. There are factors that foster and strengthen the mother’s bond to the newborn, and likewise, there are factors that impair this relationship. The aim of this study is to determine the risk factors that impair this mother/infant bond, identified by nurses and their response. Data collection was performed by means of interviews with 33 nurses who work in the maternity ward. Concerning the risk factors for the mother-infant bond, it was observed: The new birth pathology identified by 45.5% of the nurses; the lack of training of the health professionals to cope with the psychological-biological-social requirements, identified by 39.4%; premature births, identified by 33.3% of the nurses and undesired pregnancy observed by 30.3%. The remedies most frequently employed by the nurses to strengthen the mother-infant bond were: promotion of the use of joint hospital room, mentioned by 87.9% of the nurses and breast-feeding in the first hour upon birth, pointed out by 72.7% of the interviewees.

El proceso de formación del vínculo y del apego es fundamental para el bebé pues genera una base emocional basada en la seguridad y la estabilidad. Así como existen factores que facilitan y que fortalecen el vínculo de la madre con el recién nacido, existen factores que perjudican esa relación. El objetivo de este trabajo fue averiguar los factores de riesgo para el vínculo madre-bebé perjudicado identificados por enfermeros y sus acciones. Para la recogida de datos fueron entrevistados 33 enfermeros que trabajan en una unidad materno-infantil. En relación a los factores de riesgo para el vínculo madre-bebé perjudicado, destacan: la patología del recién nacido, identificada por 45'5% de los enfermeros; la falta de preparación de los profesionales de la salud para cubrir las necesidades psico-biológicas-sociales, identificada por el 39’4%; la prematuridad, identificada por el 33'3% de los enfermeros, y el embarazo indeseado, por el 30'3%. Las acciones empleadas con mayor frecuencia por los enfermeros para fortalecer el vínculo madre-bebé fueron: el incentivo al alojamiento conjunto relatado por el 87'9% de los enfermeros, y el amamantamiento en la 1ª hora de vida, relatada por el 72'7%.

O processo de formação do vínculo e do apego é fundamental para o bebê, pois gera uma base emocional sustentada na segurança e estabilidade. Assim como existem fatores que facilitam e que fortalecem o vínculo da mãe com o recém-nascido, existem fatores que prejudicam essa relação. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram levantar os fatores de risco para o vínculo mãe/bebê prejudicado identificados por enfermeiros e as suas ações. Para coleta de dados foram entrevistados 33 enfermeiros que trabalham em uma unidade materno-infantil. Em relação aos fatores de risco para vínculo mãe-bebê prejudicado destacam-se: a patologia do recém-nascido identificada por 45,5% dos enfermeiros; o despreparo dos profissionais de saúde para sanar as necessidades psico-biológicas-sociais identificado por 39,4%; a prematuridade, identificada por 33,3% dos enfermeiros e gravidez indesejada por 30,3%. As ações empregadas com maior freqüência pelos enfermeiros para fortalecer o vínculo mãe-bebê foram: o incentivo ao alojamento conjunto relatado por 87,9% enfermeiros e a amamentação na 1ª hora de vida relatada por 72,7%.