The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of diets with increasing concentrate levels on performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of Murrah buffaloes in feedlot. Twenty-four animals, with an initial body weight of 240 ± 50.5 kg and mean age of 9 months, were distributed to four treatments: 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% concentrate. After 114 days, the animals were weighed, slaughtered, and meat quality and performance data were submitted to analysis of variance and regression. The dry matter intake and average daily gain increased linearly. The final body, hot carcass, and cold carcass weights responded linearly to increases in concentrate level. The subcutaneous fat thickness, protein, and ether extract of meat increased linearly with an increase in concentrate level. The colour parameters, cooking losses, and shear force of the meat were not affected by increasing the concentrate. The inclusion of concentrate in feedlot diets increases performance, characteristics of carcass, and meat quality of Murrah buffalo in a feedlot.

Abstract The deposition of a High Resistivity Transparent oxide between a Transparent Conductive Oxide and the window Cadmium sulfide has demonstrated the improvement of performance of Cadmium sulfide/Cadmium telluride solar cells, fabricated in the superstrate-configuration. In this work the influence of the Pneumatic Spray Pyrolysis and magnetron sputtering techniques on the properties TCO/SnO2/CdS structure through the deposition of the intermediate SnO2 between the commercial conducting glass and CdS window is presented by means of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy, and contact resistance, calculated using Transmission Line Method, in order to reduce the front contact resistance in devices with superstrate-configuration. The results of this work are applicable to other solar cells in the same configuration as the recent solar cells based on the compound Sb2Se3, where the use of this type of High Resistivity Transparent has not been studied.

Resumo As operações de reservatórios alteram, eliminam ou restringem os ciclos hidrológicos naturais. A comunidade biótica torna-se sujeita a estes eventos não-cíclicos, respondendo com a redução da diversidade de espécies. As espécies de Ephemeroptera apresentam respostas distintas à deterioração ambiental, sendo o grupo muitousado em programas de biomonitoramento. Nós hipotetizamos uma alteração na diversidade beta das espécies no gradiente longitudinal, influenciada principalmente pelo componente aninhamento com a consequente perda de espécies entre as zonas do reservatório. Também são esperadas mudanças na diversidade beta entre os meses de amostragem, mas o principal fator dessas alterações será a substituição das espécies entre os períodos, em função dos rápidos ciclos de vida que o grupo apresenta. A comunidade Ephemeroptera foi monitorada em nove pontos amostrais do reservatório de Itaipu, onde foram instalados três conjuntos de substratos compostos por um flutuador e 2 substratos de madeira. Tomamos amostras biológicas em triplicatas mensalmente, de junho de 2001 a agosto de 2002. Nossa hipótese inicial foi parcialmente suportada, com variações significativas apenas na escala espacial. A ordenação gerada pelo Escalonamento Dimensional Não-Métrico – NMDS - corroborou com as análises espaciais, com a formação de dois grupos ao longo do gradiente de zonação do reservatório. A ordenação temporal não mostrou um padrão claro. Como esperado, a contribuição para a diversidade beta foi diferente para nossas duas abordagens, de modo que a perda de espécies foi mais importante ao longo do gradiente espacial e apesar de não haver resultado significativo, a substituição das espécies foi mais importante entre os meses de amostragem. Os resultados espaciais levam-nos a inferir que as diferenças nas características limnológicas entre as zonas são importantes para determinar as diferenças na composição de Ephemeroptera e podem refletir o grau de dependência das espécies em relação às condições lênticas e às vezes lóticas, principalmente na zona fluvial dos reservatórios. Por outro lado, a ausência de um padrão temporal pode ser resultado de variações caóticas nos atributos físicos e químicos impostos pela operação do reservatório, que interrompem a continuidade da biota e os processos de sucessão naturais.

Abstract Reservoir operations alter, eliminate or restrain the natural hydrologic cycles. Biotic community has become subject to these non-cyclic events, responding by reducing the species diversity. Ephemeroptera species present distinct responses to environmental deterioration such that poses this assemblage between the most useful groups in biomonitoring programs. We hypothesized an alteration in beta diversity at the longitudinal species gradient, which will be influenced mainly by species losses between zones. Changes in temporal beta diversity is also expected, but the main drivers of such alterations will be the species turnover between the sampling period. Ephemeroptera community was monitored in nine sampling points from Itaipu Reservoir, where were installed three sets of substrates composed by a float and 2 wooden substrates. We took biological samples in triplicates monthly, from June-01 to August-02. Our initial hypothesis was partially supported and with significant variations only for spatial approach, between the Reservoir zones. The generated ordering from Non-Metric Dimensional Scale – NMDS - corroborated with spatial analyzes, with the formation of two groups along the gradient zonation of the reservoir. The temporal ordination showed no clear pattern. As expected, the contribution to beta diversity was different for our two approaches, such that the loss of species was more important along the spatial gradient and despite of no significant result, the species replacement was more important among months. The spatial results lead us to infer that differences in limnological characteristics between zones are important for determining differences in Ephemeroptera composition and can reflect the dependency degree of the species in relation to the lentic and sometimes-lotic conditions, mainly in the riverine zone of reservoirs. On the other hand, the absence of a temporal pattern can be result of chaotic variations in the physical and chemical attributes imposed by the reservoir operation, disrupting continuity of the biota and natural succession processes.

Abstract This work reports a dual-band radar system composed of aphotonics-based transceiver and a unique dual-band antenna. The proposed antenna consists of an integration of conventional focal-point and Cassegrain parabolic antennas in the same structure, ensured by using a subreflector based on a frequency selective surface. Numerical and experimental results in terms of the antenna reflection coefficient, radiation pattern and gain are reported with excellent agreement over both frequency ranges. The innovative dual-band photonics-based radar transceiver operates simultaneously in the S- and X-bands. The radar system has been properlyvalidated by multiple detections of helicopters and airplanes in real conditions.

Resumo Muitas planícies de inundação brasileiras vêm sofrendo enormes alterações em suas características naturais nas últimas décadas, principalmente no pulso de inundação. A planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná é um dos poucos lugares onde ainda há áreas nas quais essas características peculiares se mantêm, o que reflete em sua alta biodiversidade. Dentre a comunidade zoobentônica, Ephemeroptera é um dos grupos com maior densidade, ocorrendo em diversos corpos aquáticos como rios de grande porte e canais secundários. Nós buscamos compreender quais fatores são necessários para o estabelecimento das espécies e o quão importante é a colonização dessas espécies, principalmente em ambientes com modificações antrópicas. As áreas marginais mais estruturadas com presença de macrófitas apresentaram altas densidade e riqueza mesmo no rio Paraná que apresenta grande impacto antrópico. Verificamos que as dominâncias de Americabaetis alphus, Tricorythopsis araponga e Tricorythopsis artigas no rio Paraná foram correlacionadas com maiores valores de transparência, profundidade e condutividade, enquanto que a dominância de Traverella sp. foi correlacionada com temperatura, principalmente em áreas marginais. Consequentemente, o aumento da transparência e da condutividade devido à barragem de Porto Primavera no rio Paraná pode estar favorecendo essas espécies de Ephemeroptera. Nossos resultados demonstram a importância da preservação do Parque nacional das várzeas do rio Ivinhema, principalmente para o gênero Guajirolus sp., o qual apenas foi registrado nessa região. Portanto, nosso estudo vem trazer subsídios para compreensão de lacunas verificadas em estudos anteriores utilizando substratos artificiais em três rios de enorme influência na planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná.

Abstract Brazilian floodplains have suffered great changes in their natural characteristics in recent decades, mainly in the flood pulse. The Upper Paraná River floodplain is one of the few places where are found remained areas in which such peculiar characteristics keep reflecting on its high biodiversity. Ephemeroptera nymphs are one of the higher density groups among benthic community, occurring in many water bodies like large rivers and secondary channels. We sought to understand which factors are needed for the species establishment and how much important is the species colonization, especially in environments with anthropogenic changes. The marginal areas, which are more structured with presence of macrophytes, showed the highest density and richness even in the Paraná River that has great human impact. We verified dominance of Americabaetis alphus, Tricorythopsis araponga, Tricorythopsis artigas on the Parana River, correlated with transparency, depth and electric conductivity, while the dominance of Traverella sp. was correlated with water temperature, especially in marginal areas. Consequently, the increasing transparency and electric conductivity due to the Porto Primavera dam in Parana River can be favoring those Ephemeroptera species. We demonstrated the importance of preserving the wetlands of Ivinhema River State Park mainly for Guajirolus sp., which was only registered in this region. Therefore, our study provides support for understanding gaps from previously studies using artificial substrates in three large rivers which are of great importance to the upper Paraná River floodplain.

Abstract: In this work the influence of the deposition of SnO2 buffer layer on the optical, electrical and morphological properties of commercial conducting glasses is presented. Previously the transparent conducting oxide (TCO) were studied in order to determine which is the most appropriate in solar cell applications. The SnO2 thin films were deposited onto glass and commercial conducting glass by pneumatic spray pyrolysis (PSP) and magnetron sputtering techniques and characterized optically and electrically. TCO/buffer bi-layers configuration were processed and characterized through a modified well-known Haccke figure of merit. The results are discussed in terms of considering the usefulness or otherwise of this configuration, depending on the morphological quality of commercial conductive glass in the processing of second-generation solar cells in thin film technology.

RESUMOEste é o primeiro relado sobre a ocorrência de Leishmaniasp. em fezes de cão. Foram encontradas formas amastigotas intra e extracelulares por meio de citologia de amostra fecal de um cão apresentando hematoquezia recorrente associada à leishmaniose visceral canina. O diagnóstico de Leishmania infantumfoi confirmado por PCR de fezes e por cultura e PCR em amostras de baço.

ABSTRACTThis is the first report of the occurrence of Leishmania sp. in dog feces. Intra and extracellular amastigote forms were found by cytology in fecal samples from a dog presenting recurrent hematochezia associated with canine visceral leishmaniasis. Diagnosis of Leishmania infantum was confirmed in the feces by PCR and in spleen samples by culture and PCR.

The paper reports on experimental data on the extraction of caffeine, coffee oil and chlorogenic acids from green coffee beans using pure supercritical CO2 and supercritical CO2 modified with ethanol (5% w/w) and isopropyl alcohol (5% w/w) at 50 and 60ºC and 15.2 24.8 e 35.2 MPa. In this study extraction kinetics were obtained for all assays i.e. samples were collected at several time intervals for each solvent and mixed solvent. When pure CO2 and CO2-ethanol mixed solvent were used, an increase in pressure resulted in an increase in the amount of oil extracted. When CO2 was modified with isopropyl alcohol, the amount of coffee oil extracted also increased with pressure. Caffeine extraction initially increased and subsequently decreased with pressure. Chlorogenic acids were only extracted when isopropyl alcohol was used as a co-solvent. An increase in extraction temperature resulted in a decrease of caffeine and oil extraction (retrograde condensation) when only CO2 was used as solvent. With the use of co-solvent this retrograde behavior was no longer observed and the increase in temperature resulted in the increase in the extracted amounts of caffeine, coffee oil and chlorogenic acids.

Variações espaciais e temporais da comunidade fitoplanctônica da lagoa Imboassica, um ambiente naturalmente isolado do oceano por uma estreita barra de areia, foram analisadas com base em coletas quinzenais, realizadas em três estações, durante 19 meses. Durante este estudo, a barra de areia foi rompida três vezes, resultando em acentuadas variações temporais e espaciais na salinidade, na concentração de nutrientes e na biomassa fitoplanctônica. Esta apresentou valores relativamente baixos, variando de 0,54 mg.L-1 na estação mais próxima ao mar (estação 1) a 1,34 mg.L-1 na estação próxima a um banco de macrófitas (estação 3). Diatomáceas e criptofíceas dominaram nas estações 1 e 2 (esta última localizada, relativamente próxima à estação 1, porém recebendo aporte de esgotos domésticos), e euglenofíceas, criptofíceas e dinofíceas na estação 3. As estações 1 e 2 apresentaram, de modo geral, as mesmas espécies dominantes, diferindo neste aspecto da estação 3, no entanto, esta diferiu significantemente apenas da estação 1, em termos de biomassa fitoplanctônica. As elevadas flutuações na salinidade e a reduzida disponibilidade de nutrientes são apontadas como os principais fatores estruturadores da dinâmica da comunidade fitoplanctônica na lagoa Imboassica.

Spatial and temporal variability of the phytoplankton community in the tropical coastal Imboassica lagoon, an environment naturally isolated from the ocean by a narrow sandbar, was analysed every two weeks for 19 months by sampling three sites. During this study, the lagoon received direct input of marine water three times, resulting in remarkable salinity, nutrient concentrations and phytoplankton biomass variations in both temporal and spatial aspects. The phytoplankton biomass presented relatively low values ranging, on average, from 0.54 mg.L-1 in the station closest to the sea (station 1) to 1.34 mg.L-1 in the station close to a macrophyte bank (station 3). Diatoms and cryptomonads dominated in stations 1 and 2 (located relatively close to station 1, yet receiving the runoff of domestic sewage), and euglenoids, cryptomonads and dinoflagellates at station 3. Stations 1 and 2 usually presented the same dominant species but station 2 presented a higher phytoplankton biomass. On the other hand, station 3 showed more similar results concerning phytoplankton biomass with station 2, however the dominant species were usually different. The high fluctuations of salinity and the reduced nutrient availability are pointed out as the main factors structuring the dynamics of the phytoplankton community at the Imboassica lagoon.

Graft copolymers on secondary fibre cellulosic with methylmethacrylate and ethylmethacrylate were synthesized by the use of Fe+2 ion-hydrogen peroxide redox system as initiator, in aqueous medium. The graft copolymers were characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The following parameters of the copolymerization reactions were studied: cellulose: acrylic ester reagents ratio, concentration Fe+2-H2O2, temperature, pH and time of reaction. Their effects on the system are also discussed. The most grafting percents were reached in the best condition of reaction. They were 120% for methylmethacrylate and 140% for ethylmethacrylate. The obtained products are fibrous, colours, soft, with different portion of comonomer and a heterogeneous distribution of synthetic polymer over the fibre surface

Se sintetizaron copolímeros por injerto de fibra celulósica secundaria con metacrilato de metilo y metacrilato de etilo, usando como iniciador del proceso el sistema redox: ion ferroso-peróxido de hidrógeno, en medio acuoso. Los copolímeros se caracterizaron por análisis elemental, espectroscopía infrarroja, termogravimetría y microscopía electrónica. Las variables de la reacción de copolimerización investigadas son: relación en masa de celulosa y éster acrílico, concentración de Fe+2-H2O2, temperatura, pH y tiempo de reacción. Se discuten sus efectos en el sistema estudiado. Los porcentajes de injerto más altos, se alcanzaron en las condiciones óptimas de la reacción de polimerización. Ellos fueron 120% para metacrilato de metilo y 140% para metacrilato de etilo. Se obtuvieron productos fibrosos, coloreados, blandos con diferentes contenidos de comonómero y con distribución heterogénea sobre la superficie de la fibra.

Background: Gallbladder cancer is frequent in Chile and there is sparse information about the association between this type of cancer and the presence of bacteria in the gallbladder bile. Aim: To determine the presence of aerobic bacteria in gallbladder bile in patients with and without gallbladder cancer. Material and methods: A microbiological analysis of bile and pathological study was performed in 608 gallbladders, obtained during to cholecystectomies performed to 513 women and 95 men aged 44 years old as a mean. Results: Pathological study showed a chronic cholecystitis in 468 cases (77%), an acute cholecystitis in 140 (33%), cancer in 24 (3.9%) and dysplasia in 5 cases (0.8%). A positive culture was obtained in 22.5% of women and 28.5% of males. Twenty seven percent of women over 30 years old had positive cultures compared with 10% of younger women (p <0.001). Thirty two percent of acute cholecystitis had positive cultures, compared with 24% of chronic cholecystitis (p=0.03). E Coli was isolated in 51% of positive cases, Streptococci-Enterococci in 24%, Enterobacter sp in 9%, Klebsiella and Proteus in lower proportions. Salmonella sp was isolated in 4 cases, being all women with chronic cholecystitis. Thirteen of 29 cases with cancer or dysplasia had positive cultures (45%), compared with 25% of patients with inflammatory gallbladder diseases (p=0.02). Streptococci-Enterococci were isolated in 7 cases and Enterobacter sp in three. Conclusions: The presence of Salmonella sp in gallbladder bile was not frequent in the studied patients. Its role in the pathogenesis of gallbladder cancer must be reassessed.

The feasibility of deterpenating orange peel oil with supercritical CO2 depends on relevant vapor-liquid equilibrium data because the selectivity of this solvent for limonene and linalool (the two key components of the oil) is of crucial importance. The vapor-liquid equilibrium data of the CO2-limonene binary system was measured at 50, 60 and 70oC and pressures up to 10 MPa, and of the CO2-linalool binary system at 50oC and pressures up to 85 bar. These results were compared with published data when available in the literature. The unpublished ternary phase equilibrium of CO2-limonene-linalool was studied at 50oC and up to 9 MPa. Selectivities obtained using these ternary data were compared with those calculated using binary data and indicate that a selective separation of limonene and linalool can be achieved.

Neste trabalho apresentamos resultados da análise de perfis verticais, obtidos simultaneamente, das emissões OI 557,7 nm, banda (0-0) do sistema O2 atmosférico e sistema O2 Herzberg I, em termos dos processos de formação e perda dos estados O(¹S), O2(b¹sigmag+ ) e O2(A³sigmau+ ). Os perfis de emissão foram obtidos via fotômetros instalados a bordo de um foguete lançado de Alcântara (2(0)S, 44(0)O) em 31 de maio de 1992, às 23:52 (LT). A carga útil continha 6 fotômetros dispostos paralelos ao eixo do foguete para medir a taxa de emissão volumétrica das linhas OI 557,7 nm e NaD (589 nm), da banda (0-0) do sistema O2 atmosférico, do sistema O2 Herzberg I (275 nm) e do contínuo a 578 nm e 4 fotômetros dispostos transversalmente, em um ângulo de 90(0), para medir a taxa de emissão volumétrica das linhas OI630 nm e NaD (589 nm), da banda OH(8-3) e do contínuo a 710 nm. Nossos resultados, no caso dos estados O(¹S) e O2(b¹sigmag+ ), sugerem a validade, também para região equatorial, de parâmetros derivados de experimentos em latitudes altas. No caso do estado O2(A³sigmau+ ), nossos resultados sugerem coeficientes de perda por colisões com O2 e/ou N2 maiores que os anteriormente propostos com base em dados aeronômicos, mas em acordo com resultados recentes de laboratório.

Simultaneous measurements of the nightglow profiles of the O2 Herzberg I bands, the O2 atmospheric (0-0) band and the OI 557.7 nm line are discussed in terms of the excitation and loss of the O(¹S), O2(b¹sigmag+ ) and O2(A³sigmau+ ) states. The measurements were carried out by rocket-borne photometers launched from Alcântara (2(0)S, 44(0)W) on May 31, 1992 at 23:52 LT. The rocket payload contained 6 longitudinal photometers to measure the OI 557,7 nm and NaD 589 nm lines, the O2 atmospheric (0-0) and Herzberg I bands and the continuum at 578 nm, together with 4 transverse photometers measuring the OI 630 nm and NaD 589 nm lines, the OH(8-3) band and the continuum at 710 nm. The results for the O(¹S) and O2(b¹sigmag+ ) states suggest the validity for the equatorial region of empirical parameters derived from measurements made at high latitudes. For the O2(A³sigmau+ ) states, the quenching rates required to explain the measurements are higher than the values derived from previous airglow measurements but in agreement with recent laboratory measurements.

Morphological alterations of the coagulating gland of vasectomized rats were observed using light and transmission electron microscopy. The results demonstrated atrophy of the height of the secretory epithelium. Ultrastructural observations showed atrophy of the rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae

Las alteraciones morfológicas de la glándula de coagulación de las ratas vasectomizadas, fueron observadas utilizando microscopía de luz y microscopía electrónica de transmisión. Los resultados demostraron disminución en la altura del epitelio secretor. Observaciones ultraestructurales mostraron atrofia de las cisternas del retículo endoplasmático granular