We have tested the hypothesis that restless leg syndrome (RLS) is related to quality of sleep, fatigue and clinical disability in multiple sclerosis (MS). The diagnosis of RLS used the four minimum criteria defined by the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group. Fatigue was assessed by the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS >27), quality of sleep by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI >6), excessive daytime sleepiness by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS >10) and clinical disability by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Forty-four patients (32 women) aged 14 to 64 years (43 ± 14) with disease from 0.4 to 23 years (6.7 ± 5.9) were evaluated. Thirty-five were classified as relapsing-remitting, 5 as primary progressive and 4 as secondary progressive. EDSS varied from 0 to 8.0 (3.6 ± 2.0). RLS was detected in 12 cases (27%). Patients with RLS presented greater disability (P = 0.01), poorer sleep (P = 0.02) and greater levels of fatigue (P = 0.03). Impaired sleep was present in 23 (52%) and excessive daytime sleepiness in 3 cases (6.8%). Fatigue was present in 32 subjects (73%) and was associated with clinical disability (P = 0.000) and sleep quality (P = 0.002). Age, gender, disease duration, MS pattern, excessive daytime sleepiness and the presence of upper motor neuron signs were not associated with the presence of RLS. Fatigue was best explained by clinical disability and poor sleep quality. Awareness of RLS among health care professionals may contribute to improvement in MS management.

RESUMO Avaliou-se o efeito de extratos aquosos de plantas na concentração de 10%, no desenvolvimento de Plutella xylostella, sobre discos de folhas de couve, imersos no extrato. Os discos tratados foram colocados em placas juntamente com 12 lagartas recém-eclodidas avaliando-se a viabilidade e duração das fases larval e pupal e peso de pupa após 24 horas. A mortalidade larval foi afetada pelos extratos de Enterolobium contortisilliquum, Nicotiana tabacum Sapindus saponaria e Trichilia pallida, resultando em 100% de mortalidade, seguidos dos extratos de T. pallida (93,8%), Azadirachta indica (89,6%), Symphytum officinale (77,1%), Bougainvillea glabra (72,9%), Achillea millefolium (70,8%) e Chenopodium ambrosioides (70,8%). A duração da fase larval variou de 8,2 dias (testemunha) a 10,7 dias (A. indica). Houve correlação direta entre a duração e a mortalidade de larvas, sendo que os extratos que causaram maior mortalidade, causaram também aumento na duração larval. A maior diferença no peso de pupa em relação à testemunha foi observada no tratamento com extrato de B. glabra, que causou redução de 1,2 mg. Em todos os parâmetros avaliados, T. pallida apresentou maior toxicidade em relação a Trichilia catiguae os ramos foram mais tóxicos que as folhas em ambas as espécies, diferença observada também entre as partes vegetais de S. saponaria, sendo os frutos mais tóxicos que as folhas.

ABSTRACT The effect of plant aqueous extracts was evaluated in the concentration of 10% on the development of Plutellax y lostella on disks of collard greens leaves, immersed in the extract. The disks were put in plates together with 12 caterpillars recently emerged, evaluating the viability and duration of the larval and pupal phases and weight of pupa after 24 hours.The larval mortality was affected by the extracts from Enterolobium contortisilliquum, Nicotiana tabacum, Sapindus saponaria and Trichilia pallida resulting in 100% of larvae mortality, followed by the extracts of T. pallida (93.8%), Azadirachta indica (89.6%), Symphytum officinale (77.1%), Bougainvillea glabra (72.9%), Achillea millefolium (70.8%) and Chenopodium ambrosioides (70.8%). The length of the larval stage varied from 8.2 days (control) to 10.7 days ( A. indica). There was direct correlation between the duration and the larvae mortality, since the extracts that induced higher mortality also increased the larval phase. Regarding the pupae weight, the biggest difference in relation to the control was observed in the treatment with the extract of B. glabra, which caused reduction of 1.2 mg. In all of the evaluated parameters, T. pallida showed higher toxicity in relation to Trichilia catigua and the branches were more poisonous than leaves in both of species, what was also observed for S. saponaria.