RESUMO Para avaliar o vigor das sementes, os testes de condutividade elétrica e etanol são metodologias rápidas e eficientes. Eles têm potencial para serem usados em diversas espécies, como o arroz-vermelho. No entanto, não existem protocolos ou informações sobre sua eficiência. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência, e definir parâmetros de execução para testes de condutividade elétrica e etanol, para avaliar o vigor de sementes de arroz vermelho. O estudo foi realizado com quatro lotes de arroz vermelho ‘BRS 901’, que foi submetido a teste de germinação, primeira contagem, envelhecimento acelerado e testes de emergência de plântulas em campo. O teste de condutividade elétrica foi realizado com 25, 50 e 100 sementes embebidas em 50 mL e 75 mL de água, a 25 °C e 30 °C, por 3, 6, 20 e 24 horas, respectivamente. O teste de etanol foi realizado com 50 e 100 sementes embebidas em um volume de água equivalente a 1 , 0 , 1 , 5 , 2 , 0 , 2 , 5 e 3 , 0 × a massa da amostra de sementes. Para avaliar o vigor de sementes de arroz vermelho, o teste de condutividade elétrica é um método eficiente quando realizado com 50 sementes embebidas em 50 mL de água a 25 °C por 20 horas. Já o teste do etanol é mais eficaz quando realizado com 50 sementes, em um volume de água 2 , 5 × a massa da amostra, a 40 °C por 24 horas.

ABSTRACT To evaluate seed vigor, electrical conductivity and ethanol tests are fast and efficient methodologies. They have the potential to be used in several species, such as red rice. However, there are no protocols or information about their efficiency. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the efficiency, and define parameters of execution for electrical conductivity and ethanol tests, to evaluate the vigor of red rice seeds. The study was conducted using four lots of ‘BRS 901’ red rice, which was subjected to a germination test, as well as first count, accelerated aging, and field seedling emergence tests. The electrical conductivity test was performed with 25, 50, and 100 seeds soaked in 50 mL and 75 mL of water, at 25 °C and 30 °C, for 3, 6, 20, and 24 hours, respectively. The ethanol test was performed with 50 and 100 seeds soaked in a volume of water equivalent to 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0× the mass of the seed sample. To assess the vigor of red rice seeds, the electrical conductivity test is an efficient method when conducted with 50 seeds soaked in 50 mL of water at 25 °C for 20 hours. Meanwhile, the ethanol test is most effective when performed with 50 seeds, in a volume of water that is 2.5× the mass of the sample, at 40 °C for 24 hours.

Resumo: A soja é uma cultura de grande relevância econômica mundial, sendo a produção de sementes um dos setores mais importantes de seu complexo agroindustrial. O beneficiamento é uma das etapas finais do processo de produção das sementes, que visa remover as impurezas, selecionar as sementes por forma, tamanho e densidade e embalar de forma adequada. O monitoramento e o controle de qualidade nas diferentes etapas do processo garantem que as sementes atendam aos padrões de armazenamento e mercado. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar diferentes etapas do processamento no desempenho físico e fisiológico de três cultivares de sementes de soja utilizando ferramentas de controle estatístico de processo. O trabalho foi realizado na unidade de beneficiamento de sementes com as cultivares M8644 IPRO, M8349 IPRO e M8808 IPRO, com amostragem em oito pontos ao longo do processo. Foram avaliados o teor de água, pureza física, germinação, primeira contagem, envelhecimento acelerado, tetrazólio (vigor e viabilidade), danos mecânicos e condutividade elétrica. Durante o processo, gráficos de controle de média e amplitude foram usados para cada teste. A utilização de cartas de controle possibilitou o acompanhamento do processo de beneficiamento de sementes de soja, apontando a metodologia como ferramenta para apuração dos problemas existentes, a fim de promover a melhoria contínua no desempenho do beneficiamento da semente.

Abstract: Soybean is a crop of great economic relevance in the world, with seed production being one of the most important sectors of its agro-industrial complex. Processing is one of the final stages of the seeds production process, it aims to remove impurities, select seeds by shape, size and density and pack properly. Monitoring and quality control at different stages of the process ensures that seeds meet storage and market standards. The aim of this study was to evaluate the different stages of processing in the physical and physiological performance of three cultivars of soybean seeds using statistical process control tools. The work was carried out at the seed processing unit with the cultivars M8644 IPRO, M8349 IPRO and M8808 IPRO, with sampling at eight points throughout the process. Water content, physical purity, germination, first count, accelerated aging, tetrazolium (vigor and viability), mechanical damage and electrical conductivity were evaluated. During the process, mean and amplitude control charts were used for each test. The use of control charts made it possible to monitor the process of soybean seed processing, pointing out the methodology as a tool to determine existing problems, to promote continuous improvement in the performance of seed processing.

Resumo Este artigo tem por objetivo problematizar a história do movimento social Chiquinha Gonzaga, ocupação urbana localizada na zona central da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A história desta Ocupação foi definida pelo discurso de um de seus organizadores e revelou o caráter complexo do processo de conscientização de seus ocupantes. A linguagem do discurso revelou prática política que distinguia os sujeitos entre os que tinham e os que não tinham consciência crítica como requisito da ação política. Esta prática ocorreu em reuniões para a formação da Chiquinha Gonzaga e em assembleias para consolidação desta Ocupação. Ela traduziu a um só tempo concepção mecânica e orgânica na constituição do sujeito político com a inclusão e a exclusão da história deste sujeito.

Abstract This article has for objective to problematize the history of the social movement Chiquinha Gonzaga, an urban occupation that is located in the central area of Rio de Janeiro. The history of this Occupation was defined by the speech of one of its organizers, and it revealed the complex nature of the process of the occupants' awareness. The language of the speech revealed political practice that distinguished the subjects among the ones that had and the ones that had not critical conscience as a requirement of the political action. This practice was adopted in meetings for Chiquinha Gonzaga's formation and in assemblies for consolidation of this Occupation. It translated mechanical and organic conception at the same time in the political subject's constitution with the inclusion and the exclusion of the history of this subject.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prevalence of cholecystopathy in chronic renal patients awaiting kidney transplants. INTRODUCTION: The prevalence and management of cholelithiasis in renal transplant patients is not well established. METHODS: A total of 342 chronic renal failure patients on the waiting list for a kidney transplant were studied. Patients were evaluated for the presence of cholelithiasis and related symptoms, previous cholecystectomies and other abdominal surgeries, time on dialysis, and general data (gender, age, number of pregnancies, and body mass index). RESULTS: Cholelithiasis was found in 41 out of 342 patients (12%). Twelve of these patients, all symptomatic, had previously undergone cholecystectomies. Five out of 29 patients who had not undergone surgery were symptomatic. Overall, 17 patients (41.5%) were symptomatic. Their mean age was 54 (range 32-74) years old; 61% were female, and their mean body mass index was 25.4. Nineteen (76%) out of 25 women had previously been pregnant, with an average of 3.6 pregnancies per woman. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of cholelithiasis was similar to that reported in the literature for the general population. However, the high frequency of symptomatic patients points toward an indication of routine pre-transplant cholecystectomy to avoid serious post-transplant complications.