Abstract The new genus Maxiclavella is proposed to accommodate Clavella simplex Castro Romero and Baeza Kuroki, 1985, which differs from Clavella species, including long and narrow cephalothorax, small bulla, and simple armature of the antenna and antennule. Praeclavella nasalis, new genus and species, was found parasitizing the olfactory sacs of Isacia conceptionis. Praeclavella nasalis could be differentiated from other Clavella species by a biramous antenna with an exopod shorter than the endopod, the base of the cephalothorax with a large lobular and suborbicular projection on each side, a suborbicular bulla, mandibles without secondary teeth, and a suboval male body type. Males of both genera fit well in the Clavella-clade male type, although they differ from each other in many aspects, mainly in the position of the buccal area, which is oriented ventrally in Maxiclavella and distally in Praeclavella nasalis, and in a genital process, which is present in the latter and absent in the former. Genetic distances of mtDNA COI and 28S rDNA supported the validity of the two new genera parasitizing the same host, I. conceptionis. Also Clavella-branch (Clavellinae Wilson), a key based genera on female specimens is presented.

RESUMEN Se encontraron nematodos de la familia Mermithidae parasitando ninfas y adultos de Hortensia similis (Auchenorryncha: Cicadellidae). Los especímenes hospedadores fueron recolectados en malezas asociadas a huertos de cítricos ubicados en la provincia de Corrientes, Argentina, durante un estudio de biodiversidad en 2015. Hasta donde sabemos, este es el primer ejemplo de chicharritas parasitadas por un mermítido en Sudamérica.

ABSTRACT Nematodes of the family Mermithidae were found parasitizing adults and nymphs of the species Hortensia similis (Auchenorryncha: Cicadellidae). The host specimens were collected from weeds associated to citrus orchards located in Corrientes, Argentinean province, during a biodiversity study in 2015. As far as we know, this is the first South American example of leafhoppers parasitized by mermithids.

Abstract The objective of this research work was to analyze the pertinence of a set of design patterns for mobile groupware applications. The pertinence of said contribution was supported by 11 participant members of an educational support group (USAER). The perception of expert users is commonly used in Human-Computer Interaction to improve and validate design strategies such as the proposed one. In this case the feedback provided by the participants helped to ensure that the knowledge offered by the set of patterns is adequate and accurate. A distilled feedback would lead to well-designed user interfaces for mobile groupware applications.

Um surto de raiva silvestre foi notificado em comunidades indígenas da Amazônia equatoriana em novembro de 2011. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as características do domicílio e aspectos sociodemográficos das famílias associados à percepção do aumento de mordeduras de morcegos hematófagos em humanos e gado doméstico, a fim de orientar a implementação de políticas locais de controle. Foram entrevistados 381 chefes de família das comunidades incluídas no programa de controle do surto. Entre os que possuem gado é maior a percepção de mordidas de morcego nos animais, apesar de terem também as piores condições de moradia, enquanto as famílias em melhores condições de moradia, com medidas de proteção, eletricidade e sem gado percebem um aumento nos ataques a humanos. A análise da percepção da frequência de mordidas é fundamental para incrementar a adesão às medidas de prevenção e vacinação.

An outbreak of sylvatic rabies was reported in indigenous communities located in the Ecuadorian Amazon in November 2011. The objective of this study was to analyze family dwelling characteristics and other sociodemographic factors associated with the perception of an increase in hematophagous bat bites in humans and domestic animals to assist the implementation of intervention policies in the region. A total of 381 households from communities covered by the outbreak response activities were surveyed. Despite being associated with poorer dwelling conditions, the possession of domestic animals is associated with the perception of an increase in bat bites among animals. Better dwelling conditions, use of protective measures, access to electricity, and no domestic animals are variables associated with the perception of a rise in attacks on humans. The analysis of perceptions of bite frequency is fundamental to improve the effectiveness of vaccination programs and strategies to promote the adoption of preventive measures against rabies among the population.

En Ecuador se reportó un brote de rabia selvática en comunidades indígenas amazónicas en noviembre de 2011. El objetivo del trabajo fue analizar las características de las viviendas de las familias, añadiendo aspectos sociodemográficos asociados a la percepción del aumento de mordeduras de murciélagos hematófagos en humanos y en ganado, con el fin de implementar políticas de intervención en la zona. Fueron encuestados 381 jefes de familia de las comunidades incluidas en el programa de primera intervención de vacunación. La posesión de ganado conduce a un aumento en la percepción de las mordeduras de murciélago en los animales y estas personas tienen casas con las peores condiciones de vivienda, donde pueden entrar y habitar murciélagos, mientras que las familias que tienen mejores condiciones de vivienda, con protección, electricidad y sin ganado perciben un aumento en los ataques a humanos. El análisis de la percepción de frecuencia de mordeduras es fundamental para lograr una adhesión a las medidas de prevención y vacunación.

Um surto de raiva silvestre foi notificado em comunidades indígenas da Amazônia equatoriana em novembro de 2011. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as características do domicílio e aspectos sociodemográficos das famílias associados à percepção do aumento de mordeduras de morcegos hematófagos em humanos e gado doméstico, a fim de orientar a implementação de políticas locais de controle. Foram entrevistados 381 chefes de família das comunidades incluídas no programa de controle do surto. Entre os que possuem gado é maior a percepção de mordidas de morcego nos animais, apesar de terem também as piores condições de moradia, enquanto as famílias em melhores condições de moradia, com medidas de proteção, eletricidade e sem gado percebem um aumento nos ataques a humanos. A análise da percepção da frequência de mordidas é fundamental para incrementar a adesão às medidas de prevenção e vacinação.

An outbreak of sylvatic rabies was reported in indigenous communities located in the Ecuadorian Amazon in November 2011. The objective of this study was to analyze family dwelling characteristics and other sociodemographic factors associated with the perception of an increase in hematophagous bat bites in humans and domestic animals to assist the implementation of intervention policies in the region. A total of 381 households from communities covered by the outbreak response activities were surveyed. Despite being associated with poorer dwelling conditions, the possession of domestic animals is associated with the perception of an increase in bat bites among animals. Better dwelling conditions, use of protective measures, access to electricity, and no domestic animals are variables associated with the perception of a rise in attacks on humans. The analysis of perceptions of bite frequency is fundamental to improve the effectiveness of vaccination programs and strategies to promote the adoption of preventive measures against rabies among the population.

En Ecuador se reportó un brote de rabia selvática en comunidades indígenas amazónicas en noviembre de 2011. El objetivo del trabajo fue analizar las características de las viviendas de las familias, añadiendo aspectos sociodemográficos asociados a la percepción del aumento de mordeduras de murciélagos hematófagos en humanos y en ganado, con el fin de implementar políticas de intervención en la zona. Fueron encuestados 381 jefes de familia de las comunidades incluidas en el programa de primera intervención de vacunación. La posesión de ganado conduce a un aumento en la percepción de las mordeduras de murciélago en los animales y estas personas tienen casas con las peores condiciones de vivienda, donde pueden entrar y habitar murciélagos, mientras que las familias que tienen mejores condiciones de vivienda, con protección, electricidad y sin ganado perciben un aumento en los ataques a humanos. El análisis de la percepción de frecuencia de mordeduras es fundamental para lograr una adhesión a las medidas de prevención y vacunación.

Litíase renal cálcica é uma doença comum que afeta a população no mundo todo e tem alta taxa de recorrência. Diferentes alterações metabólicas podem desencadear o aparecimento de distúrbios de pedras de cálcio, como hipercalciúria, hiperoxalúria, hiperuricosúria, hipocitratúria e outros. Existem também doenças altamente prevalentes associadas à doença de cálculo de cálcio, como hipertensão, obesidade e perda de densidade óssea mineral. Para realizar prevenção e tratamento adequados, é necessário diagnóstico correto, examinando o metabolismo mineral sérico e urinário. Depois de conhecer o diagnóstico metabólico, é possível estabelecer um tratamento dietético e farmacológico que permita controlar a doença e prevenir a recorrência de cálculos biliares. Há alguns avanços no tratamento dessa doença e incluem o uso de alendronato de sódio em pacientes com nefrolitíase de cálcio e osteopenia/osteoporose, ou a combinação de um tiazídico com um bifosfonato. Em resumo, litíase renal cálcica exige, muitas vezes, um tratamento multidroga com rigorosos controle e acompanhamento de pacientes.

Calcium renal lithiasis is a frequent condition that affects the worldwide population and has a high recurrence rate. Different metabolic changes may trigger the onset of calcium stone disorders, such as hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria, hyperuricosuria, hypocitraturia and others. There are also other very prevalent disorders that are associated with calcium calculi, such as arterial hypertension, obesity and loss of bone mineral density. A correct diagnosis needs to be obtained through examining the serum and urinary parameters of mineral metabolism in order to carry out adequate prevention and treatment of this condition. Once the metabolic diagnosis is known, it is possible to establish dietary and pharmacological treatment that may enable monitoring of the disease and prevent recurrence of stone formation. Some advances in treating this pathological condition have been made, and these include use of sodium alendronate in patients with calcium renal lithiasis and osteopenia/osteoporosis, or use of a combination of a thiazide with a bisphosphonate. In summary, calcium renal lithiasis often requires multidrug treatment with strict control and follow-up of patients.