ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: The development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide (CGRP) has determined a new therapeutic era in migraine prophylaxis, demonstrating its effectiveness in patients with episodic migraine (EM) and chronic migraine (CM), obtaining a response in naive patients and in those who are refractory to multiple medications. A 50% decrease in migraine attacks per month during the first 3 months of use is the approximate outcome in 50% of patients receiving this therapy. OBJECTIVE: This consensus from the Colombian Association of Neurology (ACN) has the objective of serving as a guide for the rational use of antiCGRP mAbs in patients with EM and CM. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The headache committee through the application of the Delphi methodology and discussions in subsequent meetings, develops this consensus, supported in the published literature and expert recommendations. RESULTS: Fourteen answers from headache experts were received regarding the use of drugs for migraine prophylaxis, analyzing their applicability in frequent clinical situations. DISCUSSION: AntiCGRP mAbs have proved their effectiveness with adequate pathophysiological support, but with a high price in a highly prevalent disease, there is then a need to select the patient who best benefits from this therapy. CONCLUSIONS: AntiCGRP mAbs are recommended in patients with EM and CM that have previously failed to other prophylactic drugs.

RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN: El desarrollo de anticuerpos monoclonales (mAbs) contra el péptido relacionado con el gen de la calcitonina (CGRP) ha determinado una nueva era terapéutica en la profilaxis de migraña, demostrando su efectividad en pacientes con migraña episódica (ME) y migraña crónica (MC), con respuesta desde pacientes naïve hasta refractarios a múltiples medicamentos. La disminución del 50% de los ataques de migraña al mes (DMM) durante los primeros 3 meses de uso es el desenlace aproximado en el 50% de los pacientes que reciben esta terapia. OBJETIVO: Este consenso de la Asociación Colombiana de Neurología (ACN) tiene el objetivo de guiar la selección y uso racional de los mAbs antiCGRP en pacientes con ME y MC. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: El comité de cefalea de la ACN mediante la aplicación de la metodología Delphi y discusiones en reuniones posteriores desarrolló un documento en formato de consenso soportado en literatura y recomendaciones de expertos. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvieron respuestas de 14 expertos en cefalea sobre moléculas utilizadas en profilaxis de migraña, analizando su aplicabilidad en situaciones clínicas frecuentes. DISCUSIÓN: Los mAbs antiCGRP han demostrado efectividad con adecuado soporte fisiopatológico, considerando que son moléculas de alto precio en una enfermedad de alta prevalencia, existe la necesidad de guíar la selección del paciente que mejor puede beneficiarse de su administración CONCLUSIONES: Los mAbs antiCGRP están recomendados en pacientes con ME y MC que presentan falla terapéutica a otras moléculas profilácticas.

RESUMEN La cefalea relacionada con la actividad física no es infrecuente. En pacientes jóvenes suele corresponder a cefalea por esfuerzo físico primaria. Sin embargo, aun en la presencia de características típicas, el diagnóstico de cefalea primaria relacionada con el ejercicio debe hacerse luego de una investigación exhaustiva. Las causas secundarias típicas incluyen hemorragia subaracnoidea, síndrome de vasoconstricción cerebral reversible y disección arterial. Una etiología menos común es la trombosis de senos venosos durales. En esta revisión presentamos el caso de una mujer joven que experimentó cefalea durante una prueba física, en quien se documenta una trombosis de senos venosos extensa.

SUMMARY Headache related to physical activity is not uncommon. In young patients it usually corresponds to headache due to primary physical exertion. However, even in the presence of typical features, the diagnosis of primary exercise-related headache should be made after extensive investigation. Secondary causes include subarachnoid hemorrhage, reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, and arterial dissection. A less common etiology is thrombosis of the dural venous sinuses. In this review we present the case of a young woman who presented with headache during a physical test in which extensive venous sinus thrombosis was documented.

RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN: La cefalea crónica diaria es una entidad de alto impacto en la población general. Aunque la migraña crónica y la cefalea tipo tensión son las condiciones más frecuentes, es necesario considerar la hemicránea continua y la cefalea diaria persistente de novo como parte de los diagnósticos diferenciales para realizar un enfoque terapéutico correcto. OBJETIVO: Hacer recomendaciones para el tratamiento de la cefalea crónica diaria de origen primario METODOLOGÍA: La Asociación Colombiana de Neurología, mediante consenso y metodología GRADE (Grading of Reccomendations, Assesment, Development and Evaluation), presenta las recomendaciones para el tratamiento preventivo de cada una de las entidades del grupo de la cefalea crónica diaria de origen primario. RESULTADOS: Para el tratamiento de la migraña crónica, la Asociación Colombiana de Neurología recomienda onabotulinum toxina A, erenumab, galcanezumab, fremanezumab, topiramato, flunarizina, amitriptilina y naratriptan. En cefalea tipo tensional crónica las opciones terapéuticas recomendadas son amitriptilina, imipramina, venlafaxina y mirtazapina. Para el tratamiento de la hemicránea continua topiramato, melatonina y celecoxib. Las opciones para cefalea diaria persistente de novo incluyen gabapentin y doxiciclina. Se presentan adicionalmente las recomendaciones para el tratamiento intrahospitalario de los pacientes con cefalea crónica diaria y las justificaciones para la realización de bloqueos neurales como complemento terapéutico. CONCLUSIÓN: se presentan las recomendaciones terapéuticas para el tratamiento de la cefalea crónica diaria basado en metodología de consenso y sistema GRADE.

SUMMARY INTRODUCTION: Chronic daily headache is a high impact entity in the general population. Although chronic migraine and tension-type headache are the most frequent conditions, it is necessary to consider hemicrania continua and new daily persistent headache as part of the differential diagnoses to perform a correct therapeutic approach. OBJECTIVE: To make recommendations for the treatment of chronic daily headache of primary origin METHODOLOGY: The Colombian Association of Neurology, by consensus and Grade methodology (Grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluation), presents the recommendations for the preventive treatment of each of the entities of the daily chronic headache of primary origin group. RESULTS: For the treatment of chronic migraine, the Colombian Association of Neurology recommends onabotulinum toxin A, erenumab, topiramate, flunarizine, amitriptyline, and naratriptan. In chronic tension-type headache the recommended therapeutic options are amitriptyline, imipramine, venlafaxine and mirtazapine. Topiramate, melatonin, and celecoxib for the treatment of hemicrania continua. Options for new daily persistent headache include gabapentin and doxycycline. The recommendations for inpatient treatment of patients with chronic daily headache and the justifications for performing neural blockades as a therapeutic complement are also presented. CONCLUSION: The therapeutic recommendations for the treatment of chronic daily headache based on consensus methodology and Grade System are presented.

RESUMEN El principal desafío para predecir el desempeño en campo de un proceso de inyección de aire es lograr entender el proceso de oxidación del crudo y contar con un modelo cinético de reacciones que permita predecir el comportamiento del proceso en un simulador numérico de yacimientos, bajo diferentes condiciones operacionales. Recientemente, se ha incorporado una técnica denominada Principio Isoconversional para el estudio de la cinética de las reacciones asociadas a la oxidación del petróleo durante la inyección de aire, partiendo de la información suministrada por pruebas de oxidación con rampa de temperatura (RTO - Ramped Temperature Oxidation). En diferentes trabajos publicados, se ha utilizado el análisis isoconversional para estudiar las características oxidativas de diferentes sistemas roca - fluido, identificar grupos de reacciones dominantes durante el proceso oxidativo del crudo y estimar la energía de activación efectiva para cada una de las reacciones identificadas. Sin embargo, en ninguno de ellos se ha establecido un procedimiento que permita estimar el factor pre-exponencial, debido a que este no es una medida directa de los métodos isoconversionales. En este artículo se presenta un procedimiento matemático para la aproximación del factor pre-exponencial a partir de la aplicación del método isoconversional de Friedman, orientado a la caracterización de la cinética de las reacciones asociadas al proceso de Combustión In Situ, este procedimiento fue validado con información experimental y un modelo cinético propuesto en la literatura para modelar el comportamiento oxidativo de un crudo pesado.

ABSTRACT The main challenge to predict at field scale the performance of an air injection process is to understand the oil oxidation process and to have a kinetic model of reactions enabling the prediction of process behavior in a reservoir numerical simulator, under different operating conditions. Recently, the Isoconversional Principle has been implemented for studying the kinetics of reactions associated with oil oxidation during air injection, based on Ramped Temperature Oxidation tests (RTO). In different published papers, the isoconversional analysis has been used to study the oxidation characteristics of different rock-fluid systems, identify groups of dominant reactions during the crude oil oxidation process, and estimate the effective activation energy for each of the identified reactions. However, in none of them has a procedure been established for estimating the pre-exponential factor, as this is not a direct measure of isoconversional methods. In this article, a mathematical procedure is proposed for estimating the pre-exponential factor based on the application of Friedman's isoconversional method, intended for characterizing the kinetics of the reactions associated with the In Situ Combustion process. This procedure was validated with experimental information and a kinetic model proposed in the literature to model the oxidation behavior of heavy oil.

RESUMO A amiloidose cardíaca corresponde a uma miocardiopatia infiltrativa, resultante do depósito da proteína amiloide no miocárdio. Na amiloidose sistêmica primária (tipo AL), a proteína amiloide é composta por cadeias leves que resultam de discrasia dos plasmócitos, havendo envolvimento cardíaco em até 50% dos doentes. Apresentamos o caso de um homem de 43 anos, com queixas de edema periódico da língua e xerostomia, hemorragia gengival e hematúria há dois meses. Analiticamente havia a destacar anemia normocítica, trombocitopenia e um INR alto espontâneo, pelo que foi referenciado à consulta de Medicina Interna. Na primeira consulta, apresentou-se com sinais de insuficiência cardíaca congestiva franca, pelo que foi referenciado ao Serviço de Urgência. O eletrocardiograma demonstrou taquicardia sinusal e critérios de baixa voltagem. O ecocardiograma revelou hipertrofia biventricular com fração de ejeção preservada, fisiologia restritiva com elevação das pressões de enchimento, espessamento do septo interauricular e das válvulas auriculoventriculares, derrame pericárdico ligeiro e padrão de apical sparing no strain longitudinal 2D. Realizou ainda ressonância magnética cardíaca, que mostrou realce tardio subendocárdico difuso. A eletroforese das proteínas foi inconclusiva, contudo a análise da urina revelou proteinúria no espectro nefrótico, presença de proteína de Bence Jones e um teste de imunofixação com uma banda monoclonal de cadeias lambda. A biópsia da gordura abdominal foi negativa. Não obstante, foi realizada uma biópsia da medula óssea, verificando-se plasmocitose monoclonal lambda, o que confirmou o diagnóstico de amiloidose primária sistêmica. Este caso representa uma causa rara de insuficiência cardíaca no jovem adulto. A baixa voltagem no eletrocardiograma e os achados ecocardiográficos típicos devem fazer suspeitar de amiloidose cardíaca. O prognóstico é ditado pelo nível de envolvimento cardíaco, motivo pelo qual o diagnóstico e o tratamento precoces são essenciais.

SUMMARY Cardiac amyloidosis is an infiltrative cardiomyopathy, resulting from amyloid deposition within the myocardium. In primary systemic (AL-type) amyloidosis, the amyloid protein is composed of light chains resulting from plasma-cell dyscrasia, and cardiac involvement occurs in up to 50% of the patients We present a case of a 43-year-old man, with complaints of periodical swollen tongue and xerostomia, bleeding gums and haematuria for two months. His blood results showed normocytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia and a high spontaneous INR, therefore he was referred to the Internal Medicine clinic. In the first visit, he showed signs and symptoms of overt congestive heart failure and was referred to the emergency department. The electrocardiogram showed sinus tachycardia and low voltage criteria. Echocardiography showed biventricular hypertrophy with preserved ejection fraction, restrictive physiology with elevated filling pressures, thickened interatrial septum and atrioventricular valves, small pericardial effusion and relative “apical sparing” on 2D longitudinal strain. Cardiac MRI showed diffuse subendocardial late enhancement. Serum protein electrophoresis was inconclusive, however urine analysis revealed nephrotic range proteinuria, positive Bence Jones protein and an immunofixation test with a monoclonal lambda protein band. Abdominal fat biopsy was negative for Congo red stain, nevertheless a bone marrow biopsy was performed, revealing lambda protein monoclonal plasmocytosis, confirming the diagnosis of primary systemic amyloidosis. This case represents a rare cause of heart failure in a young adult. Low-voltage QRS complexes and typical echocardiography features should raise the suspicion for cardiac amyloidosis. Prognosis is dictated by the level of cardiac involvement; therefore, early diagnosis and treatment are crucial.

Abstract The evaluation procedures that set the supports for students with disabilities have been the subject of many studies in Brazil and Argentina. The teachers, because they are in direct contact with the students, are the professionals best suited to do a diagnostic evaluation of the support needed, when difficulties are detected. This article analyzes the diagnostic procedures recognized and accepted in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, and in the municipality of Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. This research observes the evaluation practices for the identification of children with disabilities, and for the referral of these children to the support services in the two municipalities.

Resumen Los procesos evaluativos que se llevan adelante con la finalidad de definir los soportes y los apoyos pedagógicos a los alumnos con discapacidades han sido tema de diversos estudios en Brasil y Argentina. Los profesores y los maestros, debido a su contacto directo con los alumnos, son los profesionales más indicados para realizar una evaluación diagnóstica de los apoyos pedagógicos necesarios en los casos de dificultades de aprendizaje. En este artículo, se establece un análisis de los procesos evaluativos y de las modalidades de diagnóstico reconocidos y aceptados en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina, y en la ciudad de Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. La propuesta es recorrer las prácticas evaluativas que se utilizan en esos procesos para la identificación y la derivación de niños con discapacidades a los centros de apoyo escolar o a los servicios de asistencia existentes en cada una de las dos ciudades.

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to compare negative impacts of oral conditions in Oral Heath Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) assessed by the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) scores in pregnant women receiving or not comprehensive periodontal treatment. This randomized controlled clinical trial included pregnant women aged between 18 and 35 years old. Participants were randomized in a test group with 96 and a control group with 114 women. Patients in the test group received comprehensive periodontal treatment, supra and subgingival scaling and root-planning and periodontal maintenance appointments. The OHIP-14 was applied before and after treatment. The primary outcome was changes in OHIP-14 scores after follow-up period. The impact of having received or not comprehensive periodontal treatment on the change of the OHIP-14 scores was also investigated. Both groups showed significant reduction in OHIP-14 scores and effect size for the test group was 0.60 and 0.36 for the control group. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that participants of the control group had 5.9-fold odds (CI 95% 1.88-18.52) of worsening in OHIP-14 scores and their perception of oral conditions in relation to test group. Comprehensive periodontal treatment during pregnancy can reduce the negative impacts in OHRQoL.

Abstract The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between metabolic syndrome (MS) and periodontitis (PD), through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Original observational studies assessing the association between MS and PD in adults, published before May 11th (2017), were identified through electronic searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guideline was used. For studies to be included, they had to mention the criteria used to diagnose MS and to have used at least one clinical measure to diagnose PD. There was no language restriction. Three reviewers independently identified eligible studies for possible inclusion in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The quality of the studies was evaluated by the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for observational studies. A random model meta-analysis was conducted. The strategies used to investigate heterogeneity were sequential analysis, subgroup analysis, univariate meta-regression and sensitivity analysis. Thirty-three studies met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review, and 26 had enough information to be included in the meta-analysis, totaling 52,504 patients. MS and PD were associated with an odds ratio of 1.38 (95%CI 1.26–1.51; I2 = 92.7%; p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that complete periodontal examination (I2 = 70.6%; p < 0.001) partially explained the variability between studies. The present findings suggest an association between MS and PD. Individuals with MS are 38% more likely to present PD than individuals without this condition. Prospective studies should be conducted to establish cause and effect relations between MS and PD.

RESUMEN Este trabajo se centra en el estudio de la influencia de la matriz de roca en la cinética de oxidación a través del análisis de experimentos cinéticos realizados para un crudo pesado colombiano utilizando diferentes tipos de medio poroso: arena sintética, cortes de perforación, afloramiento y núcleo. El objetivo principal es evaluar el comportamiento cinético de empaquetamientos con medios porosos diferentes a la matriz original, para determinar la factibilidad de usarlos como reemplazo de la roca original del yacimiento, manteniendo la representatividad de los resultados. La importancia radica en que la cinética observada se utilizará para evaluar la factibilidad técnica de la implementación del proceso de inyección de aire. El diseño experimental comprende la realización de ensayos de celda cinética variando solamente el medio poroso, manteniendo el mismo fluido y las mismas condiciones de operación. Al conjunto de datos recopilado se le determinaron variables como: oxígeno consumido, óxidos de carbono producidos y relación H/C. Los análisis realizados mostraron que es posible realizar estudios confiables de laboratorio para el proceso de inyección de aire utilizando empaquetamientos alternativos al núcleo del yacimiento.

ABSTRACT This paper focuses on the study of the influence of rock matrix on oxidation kinetics through the analysis of kinetic experiments for a Colombian heavy crude using various porous media: synthetic sand, drilling cuttings, reservoir core and outcrop. The main objective is to evaluate the kinetic behavior of packing with porous media other than the original rock matrix to determine the feasibility of using them as a replacement for the original reservoir rock, while maintaining the representativeness of the results. The importance resides on the fact that the observed kinetics can be used to assess the technical feasibility for the implementation of an air injection process. The experimental design involves performing kinetic cell tests varying only the porous medium, while keeping the same fluid and the same operating conditions. For the dataset compiled, variables such as: oxygen consumed, carbon oxides produced and H/C ratio were determined. The results showed that it is possible to make reliable laboratory studies for air injection process using packing other than reservoir core as a more convenient alternative.

RESUMO Ofoco deste trabalho é o estudo da influência da matriz de rocha na cinética de oxidação através da análise de experimentos cinéticos realizados para um petróleo bruto pesado colombiano utilizando diferentes tipos de meio poroso: areia sintética, cortes de perfuração, afloramento e núcleo. O principal objetivo é avaliar o comportamento cinético de empacotamentos com meios porosos diferentes à matriz original, para determinar a viabilidade de usá-los como substituição da rocha original da jazida, mantendo a representatividade dos resultados. A importância reside em que a cinética observada será utilizada para avaliar a viabilidade técnica da implantação do processo de injeção de ar. O desenho experimental inclui a realização de ensaios de célula cinética variando apenas o meio poroso, mantendo o mesmo fluxo e iguais condições de operação. Ao conjunto de dados coletados foram determinadas variáveis como: oxigênio consumido, óxidos de carbono produzidos e relação H/C. As análises realizadas mostraram que é possível efetuar estudos laboratoriais confiáveis para o processo de injeção de ar utilizando empacotamentos alternativos ao núcleo da jazida.

RESUMO A endocardite pneumocócica é uma entidade rara, cuja incidência se situa entre 1% e 3% dos casos de endocardite de válvula nativa. Esta patologia tem um prognóstico naturalmente adverso, com elevada mortalidade. Relata-se predileção pela válvula aórtica, de forma que é frequente que se apresente com insuficiência cardíaca. Apresentamos o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino com 60 anos de idade e história pregressa de sinusite, admitida com diagnóstico de pneumonia. Após rápida deterioração, com sinais de choque séptico, ela foi transferida para a unidade de terapia intensiva. O ecocardiograma transesofágico revelou grave refluxo aórtico, devido à presença de vegetações valvares. As hemoculturas foram positivas para Streptococcus pneumoniae. A paciente foi submetida à cirurgia cardíaca e apresentou múltiplas complicações pós-operatórias. Apesar disso, apresentou lenta, porém completa recuperação. A endocardite infecciosa deve ser afastada em caso do surgimento de qualquer suspeita, e a ecocardiografia deve ser realizada precocemente nos pacientes com resposta insuficiente aos vasopressores e inotrópicos. Pacientes com endocardite pneumocócica se beneficiam de uma abordagem agressiva, com realização precoce da intervenção cirúrgica.

ABSTRACT Pneumococcal endocarditis is a rare entity, corresponding to 1 to 3% of native valve endocarditis cases. It has a typically adverse prognosis, with high mortality. There is a reported predilection for the aortic valve; thus, a common presentation is acute left heart failure. We present a case of a 60-year-old woman with a history of sinusitis, who was admitted with the diagnosis of pneumonia. She rapidly deteriorated with signs of septic shock and was transferred to the critical care unit. The transesophageal echocardiogram revealed severe aortic regurgitation due to valve vegetations. Blood cultures were positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae. She underwent cardiac surgery and had multiple postoperative complications. Nonetheless, the patient made a slow and complete recovery. Infectious endocarditis should be ruled out if any suspicion arises, and echocardiography should be performed in an early stage in patients with poor response to vasopressors and inotropes. Patients with pneumococcal endocarditis benefit from an aggressive approach, with performance of early surgery.

O objetivo do estudo foi comparar a percepção estética do sorriso de pacientes, estudantes de odontologia e dentistas, em relação a diferentes situações de posição da margem gengival. Cento e vinte e três indivíduos (41 pacientes, 41 estudantes de odontologia e 41 dentistas) responderam um questionário estruturado e avaliaram 6 fotografias de um mesmo sorriso modificadas no Photoshop representando: periodonto inalterado (sem recessão gengival), recessão de 2 mm em um incisivo lateral superior, recessão de 2 mm em ambos incisivos laterais superiores, recessão de 2 mm em um canino superior, recessão de 2 mm em ambos caninos superiores e recessão generalizada de 2 mm. Uma escala visual analógica (EVA) foi usada para graduar a percepção estética. Médias da EVA foram calculadas e comparadas entre as situações gengivais, bem como entre os grupos de respondentes pela ANOVA de um critério com nível de significância de 0,05. A análise da EVA revelou que os valores médios variaram entre de 4,2 (±1,8) a 6,8 (±1,7). Periodonto inalterado foi avaliado com o maior escore por todos os grupos (com diferença estatisticamente significativa entre dentistas e estudantes de odontologia). Entretanto, pacientes avaliaram periodonto inalterado com valores menores quando comparados a dentistas e estudantes de odontologia. Entre pacientes nenhuma diferença significativa foi observada para nenhuma das situações apresentadas. Quando dentistas e estudantes de odontologia foram considerados, a pior situação foi observada para recessão gengival generalizada (4,2±1,8 e 4,9±1,8, respectivamente). Pacientes e profissionais da odontologia demonstraram diferentes percepções sobre as situações de estética relacionadas à posição da margem gengival.

The aim of this study was to compare the smile esthetic perception of patients, dental students and dentists faced to different situations concerning gingival margin position. A total of 123 individuals (41 patients, 41 dental students and 41 dentists) completed a structured questionnaire and evaluated 6 pictures of the same smile modified in Adobe Photoshop® image-editing software representing: no gingival recession, 2 mm recession in one maxillary lateral incisor, 2 mm recession in both maxillary lateral incisors, 2 mm recession in one maxillary canine, 2 mm recession in both maxillary canines and generalized 2 mm recession. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to rate the esthetic perception. Mean VAS values were calculated and compared among gingival situations as well as group of respondents by one-way ANOVA, with an alpha level of 0.05. VAS analysis revealed that mean values ranged from 4.2 (±1.8) to 6.8 (±1.7). Images with no gingival recession received the highest score by all groups, with statistically significant differences among dentists and dental students. However, patients scored images with no recession with significantly lower ranks as compared with dentists and dental students. No significant differences were observed among patients for any of the situations. When dentists and dental students were compared, the worst situation was observed for generalized gingival recession, with scores 4.2 (±1.8) and 4.9 (±1.8), respectively. Patients and dental professionals had different perceptions about esthetics related to gingival margin position.

Objetivo: describir la presencia y las características relacionadas con la transición nutricional colombiana, a partir de datos antropométricos y sociodemográficos. Métodos: se estimó el estado nutricional de mujeres en edad fértil y niños menores de cinco años, con base en la información registrada en las bases de datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Demografía y Salud de Colombia de los años 1995, 2000, 2005 y 2010. Se evaluó la asociación entre el estado nutricional de los dos subgrupos y las características sociodemográficas, como también con marcadores potenciales de actividad física sedentaria. Resultados y conclusiones: se encontraron distintas expresiones de la transición nutricional en Colombia: mayor prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en ambos subgrupos respecto a desnutrición, una prevalencia creciente y acelerada de obesidad en el grupo de mujeres en edad fértil, asociación del estado nutricional con marcadores potenciales de actividad física sedentaria y estado nutricional relacionado con algunas variables sociodemográficas.

Objective: to describe the presence and characteristics related to the Colombian nutrition transition by analyzing anthropometric and sociodemographic data. Methods: the nutritional condition of women in childbearing age and of children under 5 years was estimated based on information from the Colombian 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2010 Demographic Health Surveys. Association between the nutritional condition of the two subgroups with sociodemographic characteristics and potential markers of sedentary physical activity was evaluated. Results and Conclusions: different expressions of the nutritional transition in Colombia were observed: Higher prevalence of overweight and obesity in both population subgroups as compared to undernutrition, an increasing and accelerated prevalence of obesity of women in childbearing age, association of the nutritional condition with potential markers of sedentary physical activity in households and nutritional condition related to some sociodemographic variables.

Objetivo: Descrever a presencia e características relacionadas com a transição nutricional colombiana a partir de dados antropométricos e sociodemográficos. Métodos: Estimou-se o estado nutricional de mulheres em idade fértil e crianças menores de 5 anos com base na informação registrada nas bases de dados do Inquérito Nacional de Demografia e Saúde de Colômbia dos anos 1995, 2000, 2005 e 2010. Avaliou-se a associação entre estado nutricional dos dois subgrupos e características sociodemográficas mesmo com marcadores potenciais de atividade física sedentária. Resultados e conclusões: Encontraram-se diferentes expressões da transição nutricional na Colômbia: Maior prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em ambos os subgrupos respeito à desnutrição, prevalência crescente e acelerada de obesidade no grupo de mulheres em idade fértil, associação do estado nutricional com marcadores potenciais de atividade física sedentária e estado nutricional relacionado com variáveis sociodemográficas.

Periodontal diseases comprise a number of infectious and inflammatory conditions brought about by the interaction between supragingival and subgingival biofilms and the host inflammatory response. Periodontal diseases should be considered systemic conditions. This means that they are both modulated by the body's systems and play a role as a risk factor for systemic derangements. The current evidence supports some of these interactions, such as smoking as a risk factor for periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus, as both influenced by and influencing inflammatory changes in the periodontal tissue. Other potential associations are still being researched, such as obesity, hormonal changes, cardiovascular disease, and adverse outcomes in pregnancy. These, and others, still require further investigation before the repercussions of periodontal disease can be fully elucidated. Nevertheless, at the present time, the treatment of periodontal diseases-and, most importantly, their prevention-enables adequate intervention as a means of ensuring periodontal health.

Este estudio investiga el perfl neurofarmacológico del aceite extraído del Ulumoides dermestoides "in-vivo" para establecer su efecto sobre el sistema nervioso central. La técnica empleada en el diseño experimental fue bloques completamente aleatorizados de cuatro tratamientos: Sustancia control (solución salina), Sustancia problema (aceite de U. dermestoides), Sustancia patrón estimulante (Anfetamina) y Sustancia patrón depresora (Diazepam y Difenhidra-mina), utilizando ratones albinos (Mus musculus), cepa suizo iCr. Los resultados muestran que el aceite (3mg/Kg, vo) tiene un efecto depresor en el SNC de esta especie e indican diferencia significativa entre tratamientos. Dicho efecto depresor es dosis-dependiente a través del tiempo.

The neuropharmacological profle of extracted oil from Ulumoides dermestoides "in vivo" to establish its effect on the central nervous system was studied. The method used was random blocks of four treatments: Control Sub-stance (saline solution), Problem Substance (oil from U. dermestoides), Stimulant Pattern substance (Amphetamine) and Depressive Pattern Substance (Diazepam and Diphenhydramine) by using Swiss iCr strain albino mice (Mus musculus). The results show that the oil (3mg/kg, ov) has a CnS depressing effect on this specie and indicate some significant difference between treatments. The comparative analysis of obtained data concerning the CNS depressing effect of the oil compared with the other treatments used, points out this depressing effect is dose-dependent over time.