Abstract Mexico is the center of origin of poinsettia Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch, it is native to the state of Morelos. The molecular identification of hybrids determines the phylogenetic relationships between them. The objective of the present research was to identify F1 hybrids of E. pulcherrima using RAPD molecular markers. Thirty-nine F1 plants from the crosses of three varieties of sun poinsettias (Amanecer navideño, Belén and Juan Pablo) with three shade varieties (Festival red, Ice Punch and Burgundy) were used. Clustering analyses were performed on the relationship of matrices with the linkage method of unweighted pair groups with arithmetic mean (UPGMA). The OPA-07 primer is the one that allowed identifying the hybrid origin of 7 F1 plants of the Juan Pablo x Ice Punch cross. From the progeny of the crosses of Amanecer navideño x Ice Punch and Amanecer navideño x Festival red, the OPA primer identified 8 plants as hybrids. The RAPD primers used in the crosses obtained from Belén x Ice Punch, Belén x Burgundy and Belén x Festival red, failed to identify the parents with the hybrid progeny, the fragments did not show differences even between the same parents.

Resumen México es el centro de origen de la nochebuena Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch, es originaria del estado de Morelos. La identificación molecular de híbridos determina las relaciones filogenéticas entre ellos. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue identificar los híbridos F1 de E. pulcherrima mediante el uso de marcadores moleculares RAPD. Se utilizaron 39 plantas F1 provenientes de los cruzamientos de tres variedades de nochebuenas de sol (Amanecer navideño, Belén y Juan Pablo) con tres variedades de sombra (Festival red, Ice Punch y Burgundy). Los análisis de agrupamiento se realizaron sobre la relación de matrices con el método de ligamiento promedio aritmético de grupos de pares no ponderados (UPGMA) siglas en inglés. El iniciador OPA-07 es el que permitió identificar el origen híbrido de siete plantas F1 de la cruza Juan Pablo x Ice punch. De la progenie de las cruzas de Amanecer navideño x Ice punch y Amanecer navideño x Festival red, el iniciador OPA identificó a ocho plantas como híbridas. Los iniciadores RAPDs utilizados en las cruzas obtenidas de Belén x Ice punch, Belén x Burgundy y Belén x Festival red, no lograron identificar a los progenitores con la progenie híbrida, los fragmentos no mostraron diferencias incluso entre los mismos progenitores.

Abstract Neodiprion abietis is a diprionid that has a transcontinental distribution in North America and feeds on tree foliage of the genera Abies, Pseudotsuga, and Pinus. A 1995 scientific reference mentions the presence of this insect species in Mexico; however, it lacks data of location. This study aimed to determine the species of a diprionid that, in 2016, was found defoliating Abies concolor, within the Campo Verde Plant and Wildlife Protection Area, in Madera, Chihuahua, Mexico. Through field explorations made in 2019, sawfly larvae were collected directly from host foliage. An adult was collected from the foliage and several cocoons from the ground as well. The larvae were confined within entomological cages and fed with host foliage until they spun their cocoons. Insect rearing was completed by placing the cocoons inside a growing chamber which was maintained at a temperature of 26 ±2 ºC and at 14L:10D photoperiod, until adults emerged. The species was determined through the observation of external characters as well as the form of the ovipositor, based on specialized taxonomic keys and photographic references from scientific sources. The examined specimens corresponded to N. abietis complex and this finding confirms the presence of this species in northern Mexico.

Resumen Neodiprion abietis es un dipriónido que tiene una distribución transcontinental en Norteamérica, y se alimenta del follaje de árboles de los géneros Abies, Pseudotsuga y Pinus. Una referencia de 1995 menciona la presencia de esta especie de insecto en México; sin embargo, carece de datos de ubicación. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el taxón de un dipriónido que en 2016 se observó defoliando a Abies concolor, dentro del Área de Protección de Flora y Fauna Campo Verde, en Madera, Chihuahua, México. A través de exploraciones de campo realizadas en 2019, se recolectaron larvas directamente del follaje de sus hospedantes; además, de un adulto en el follaje y varios capullos en el suelo. Las larvas fueron confinadas en jaulas entomológicas y se alimentaron con follaje de sus hospedantes, hasta que tejieron sus capullos. La cría de los insectos se completó introduciendo los capullos a una cámara de crecimiento que se mantuvo a una temperatura de 26 ±2 ºC, con un fotoperiodo de 14:10 luz: oscuridad, hasta la obtención de adultos. La determinación de la especie se realizó mediante la observación de las características morfológicas externas y del ovipositor, basados en claves taxonómicas especializadas e ilustraciones de referencia de fuentes científicas. Los especímenes examinados correspondieron a N. abietis, lo cual confirma su presencia en el norte de México.

Abstract Teaching students to self-regulate enhances their mathematics performance, yet few studies have investigated the long-term differential impact of particular self-regulation strategies specifically for low-achieving students. This quasi-experimental study evaluates the effect of teaching different self-regulation strategies on mathematical problem solving in low-achieving students. The participants were 69 sixth-grade elementary school students randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups (and taught predominantly cognitive, metacognitive or volitional strategies, while verifying intervention fidelity) or a control group for 16 sessions. Mathematical problem-solving skills were evaluated prior to the intervention, upon completion, and two months later. While all three intervention groups obtained significantly better results compared to the control group immediately after the intervention, volitional and metacognitive strategies showed the strongest and most lasting positive effects. We conclude that low-achieving students could benefit from learning self-regulation strategies, particularly when these strategies take into account the affective and motivational dynamics of learning.

Resumen Enseñar autorregulación impacta positivamente en el desempeño en matemáticas. Pocos estudios han investigado ese impacto en el largo plazo, específicamente en estudiantes de bajo rendimiento. Este estudio cuasi-experimental evalúa los efectos de enseñar diferentes estrategias de autorregulación en la resolución de problemas matemáticos, en estudiantes de bajo rendimiento. Participaron 69 estudiantes de sexto grado de escuela primaria, asignados aleatoriamente a tres condiciones experimentales (estrategias cognitivas, metacognitivas o volitivas, verificando la fidelidad de la intervención) o grupo control. La resolución de problemas matemáticos fue evaluada previamente, al finalizar y 2 meses después de la intervención. Los tres grupos de intervención obtuvieron mejores resultados comparados con el control, finalizada la intervención. Las estrategias volitivas y metacognitivas mostraron los efectos positivos más fuertes y duraderos. Se concluye que estudiantes con bajo desempeño pueden beneficiarse de la enseñanza de estrategias de autorregulación, especialmente al considerar las dinámicas afectivas y motivacionales del aprendizaje.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The application of disruptive technologies in the context of public health allows you to improve the quality of their services and people's life quality. Objective: To analyse the development of disruptive technologies that have influenced until nowadays the medical practice and how this development it is anticipated that will transform the way that medicine is practiced today and toward 2030. Methods: Documentary research with qualitative approach, based on the search and selection of information to know the state of the art on the subject. Analysis of cases and examples of successful experiences in the use of the technologies that appear in the literature were made. For the search were used the words disruptive technologies, public health, preventive medicine, participatory, predictive and personalized. Interviews and focus groups were applied to identify the key issues and to identify barriers and good practices. Conclusions: Disruptive technologies should be used in all areas of human knowledge, with an emphasis on medicine, allowing to assess on a permanent basis their benefits and risks. These technologies are directly related to the scope of the medicine of the 4P and its application in health systems, and for its management to be effective it will be necessary to break down barriers to facilitate their process.

RESUMEN Introducción: La aplicación de las tecnologías disruptivas en el contexto de la salud pública permite mejorar la calidad de sus servicios y la calidad de vida de las personas. Objetivo: Analizar el desarrollo de las tecnologías disruptivas que han incidido hasta hoy en la práctica médica y cómo este desarrollo se prevé que transformará la forma en que se ejerce la medicina en la actualidad y hacia el 2030. Métodos: Investigación documental con enfoque cualitativo, basada en la búsqueda y selección de información para conocer el estado del arte sobre el tema. Se realizaron análisis de casos y ejemplos exitosos en el uso de las tecnologías que aparecen en la literatura. Para la búsqueda se utilizaron los vocablos tecnologías disruptivas, salud pública, medicina preventiva, participativa, predictiva y personalizada. Se aplicaron entrevistas y grupos focales para delimitar los temas fundamentales y para identificar barreras y buenas prácticas. Conclusiones: Las tecnologías disruptivas deben ser empleadas en todas las áreas del conocimiento humano, con énfasis en la medicina, permitiendo evaluar de forma permanente sus beneficios y sus riesgos. Estas tecnologías están directamente relacionadas con el alcance de la medicina de las 4P y su aplicación en los sistemas de salud, y para que su gestión sea efectiva será necesario romper barreras que faciliten su proceso.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The application of disruptive technologies in the context of public health allows you to improve the quality of their services and people's life quality. Objective: To analyse the development of disruptive technologies that have influenced until nowadays the medical practice and how this development it is anticipated that will transform the way that medicine is practiced today and toward 2030. Methods: Documentary research with qualitative approach, based on the search and selection of information to know the state of the art on the subject. Analysis of cases and examples of successful experiences in the use of the technologies that appear in the literature were made. For the search were used the words disruptive technologies, public health, preventive medicine, participatory, predictive and personalized. Interviews and focus groups were applied to identify the key issues and to identify barriers and good practices. Conclusions: Disruptive technologies should be used in all areas of human knowledge, with an emphasis on medicine, allowing to assess on a permanent basis their benefits and risks. These technologies are directly related to the scope of the medicine of the 4P and its application in health systems, and for its management to be effective it will be necessary to break down barriers to facilitate their process.

RESUMEN Introducción: La aplicación de las tecnologías disruptivas en el contexto de la salud pública permite mejorar la calidad de sus servicios y la calidad de vida de las personas. Objetivo: Analizar el desarrollo de las tecnologías disruptivas que han incidido hasta hoy en la práctica médica y cómo este desarrollo se prevé que transformará la forma en que se ejerce la medicina en la actualidad y hacia el 2030. Métodos: Investigación documental con enfoque cualitativo, basada en la búsqueda y selección de información para conocer el estado del arte sobre el tema. Se realizaron análisis de casos y ejemplos exitosos en el uso de las tecnologías que aparecen en la literatura. Para la búsqueda se utilizaron los vocablos tecnologías disruptivas, salud pública, medicina preventiva, participativa, predictiva y personalizada. Se aplicaron entrevistas y grupos focales para delimitar los temas fundamentales y para identificar barreras y buenas prácticas. Conclusiones: Las tecnologías disruptivas deben ser empleadas en todas las áreas del conocimiento humano, con énfasis en la medicina, permitiendo evaluar de forma permanente sus beneficios y sus riesgos. Estas tecnologías están directamente relacionadas con el alcance de la medicina de las 4P y su aplicación en los sistemas de salud, y para que su gestión sea efectiva será necesario romper barreras que faciliten su proceso.

Poverty in rural areas of Mexico is still an unresolved problem. Experiences of civil society organizations in other countries show that they can be allies of the government to contribute to rural development because of their roles and capabilities. This article focuses on the role of civil society organizations to improve living conditions in rural areas of the State of Mexico by analyzing the work of six civil society organizations under a qualitative perspective. Leadership and commitment are some of the most important capabilities of their female founders. They have created and implemented management strategies that allow them to obtain and generate resources to satisfy local needs. Thus, their management strategies are seen as a methodological model and a key to work in a close partnership whit rural communities which can be seen as an added-value to civil society organizations and community participation for rural development.

Un aspecto por demás importante para nuestro país es cómo resolver el problema de pobreza en el medio rural. Al respecto, y por la experiencia en otros países, las organizaciones de la sociedad civil pueden ser aliadas importantes del Estado para contribuir al desarrollo, por los roles y capacidades que ejercen. El presente artículo se realizó a través de una investigación cualitativa de 6 organizaciones de la sociedad civil del Estado de México, analizando sus capacidades para implementar acciones de mejoramiento de las condiciones de vida de sus beneficiarios y beneficiarias. De los resultados obtenidos destacan como principales capacidades observadas el liderazgo y el compromiso de sus fundadoras, así como la estrategia de gestión implementada, definiendo esta última como el modelo metodológico utilizado para generar valor agregado en cada comunidad participante.

A geochemical mass balance study, combined with petrography, bivariate Au and Ag geochemical analysis, and inclusion study in pyrites and native gold, was performed on a suite of hydrothermally altered host rocks and contemporaneous quartz veins from the Caborca Orogenic Gold Belt in NW Sonora, Mexico (COOC; by its abbreviations in Spanish: Cinturón de Oro Orogénico Caborca). These combined studies helped evaluating the geochemical homogeneity of the mineralizing fluids that formed the alteration envelopes and the auriferous quartz veins in the entire area occupying the COOC (~400 km long and ~60-80 km wide belt). The isocon statistical technique used in the mass balance study was applied on 20 pairs of mayor and trace element geochemical data of altered and fresh rock samples. The results show that the majority (>50 %) of the altered host rocks are enriched in K2O, W, Cu, Pb, Mo, Tl, Be, Zn, V, Sb, Ag, Sn, SiO2, Se, Ni and FeO, and are clearly depleted in Ca, Y, Na, Ho, Co, Sr, Yb, Mn, Dy, Er and Tb. The similar pattern of enrichment and depletion was shown by most of the studied samples suggesting a high degree of geochemical homogeneity of the mineralizing fluids. Petrography on both the altered and fresh rocks indicates that the hydrothermal alteration primarily consisted of silicification, sericitization, chloritization, epidotization and pyritization. The bivariate Au and Ag geochemical studies, done in auriferous quartz veins, show a strong positive correlation between these two elements and the enriched elements shown by the mass balance study on the altered host rocks. Therefore, these elements could be utilized as a geochemical exploration guide to targeting orogenic gold deposits in the region. Multiple inclusions of native gold and silver, galena, covellite, sphalerite, molybdenite, scheelite and tourmaline were encapsulated in pyrite and native gold grains in the quartz veins. Presence of these mineral occurrences explains most of the elemental anomalies obtained geochemically on the quartz veins and altered host rocks. In conclusion, the geochemical homogeneity of the mineralizing fluid, proposed in this study, implies that the mineralization (Au-rich quartz veins) and associated alteration assemblages were part of a large-scale event synchronous with the Laramide orogeny when compressional tectonism was active during Late Cretaceous to Early Tertiary time.

Un estudio geoquímico de balance de masas, combinado con otros de carácter multidisciplinario (petrografía, correlación geoquímica bivariable de Au y Ag e inclusiones minerales en pirita y oro nativo) en rocas encajonantes alteradas y en vetas de cuarzo presentes a lo largo del Cinturón de Oro Orogénico Caborca (COOC), permitieron evaluar el grado de homogeneidad geoquímica de los fluidos que generaron la alteración hidrotermal y las vetas auríferas que componen la mineralización en el NW de Sonora, México. Los resultados del estudio de balance de masas, realizado mediante el método de isocona combinando geoquímica de roca fresca y alterada de 20 localidades del COOC, muestran que la mayoría de las rocas encajonantes (> 50 %) se enriquecieron en los compuestos y elementos K2O, W, Cu, Pb, Mo, Tl, Be, Zn, V, Sb, Ag, Sn, SiO2, Se, Ni y FeO. Por lo contrario, el balance de masas muestra un empobrecimiento en los elementos Ca, Y, Na, Ho, Co, Sr, Yb, Mn, Dy, Er y Tb. Este consistente patrón de enriquecimiento y empobrecimiento encontrado en las muestras recolectadas en toda la extensión del COOC (~400 km de largo y ~60-80 km de ancho) sugiere un alto grado de homogeneidad de la alteración originada por los fluidos mineralizantes. Los estudios petrográfícos de las rocas encajonantes frescas y alteradas sugieren que la alteración hidrotermal consistió principalmente en silicificación, sericitización, cloritización, epidotización y piritización. El estudio geoquímico bivariable de Au y Ag, realizado en vetas de cuarzo, indica una estrecha correlación (positiva) con los elementos que sufrieron mayor enriquecimiento en el estudio de balance de masas. De esta manera, estos pudieran proporcionar una guía geoquímica útil en la exploración mineral de Au en la región. Por otro lado, en cristales de pirita y oro nativo de vetas de cuarzo se encontraron múltiples inclusiones minerales de oro y plata nativos, galena, covelita, esfalerita, molibdenita, scheelita y turmalina que explicarían, mineralógicamente, los enriquecimientos elementales detectados por los métodos geoquímicos empleados en este estudio. Finalmente, la homogeneidad geoquímica del fluido mineralizante sugerida en este estudio permitiría proponer un evento coetáneo de mineralización de gran envergadura para gran parte del NW de Sonora (vetas de cuarzo con oro de tipo orogénico) durante el periodo compresivo laramídico que se desarrolló durante el Cretácico tardío al Terciario temprano.

Analisaram-se frutos de melão (Cucumis melo L.) provenientes de uma coleção de linhas quase-isogénicas (NIL), SC3-5 e outras sete climatéricas e duas não-climatéricas, para avaliar a ocorrência de acidentes fisiológicos e a suscetibilidade a podridões. Como termo de comparação utilizou-se duas cultivares não-climatéricas (Nicolás, grupo Inodorus, e Shongwan Charmi ou acesso PI161375, grupo Conomon) e duas cultivares climatéricas (Fado, grupo Reticulatus, e Védrantais, grupo Cantaloupensis). O experimento foi dividido em oito blocos contendo três plantas por repetição para NIL, dois para a cultivar parental Piel de Sapo (PS), e um ou dois para a cultivar testemunha. As repetições avaliadas foram mais de seis para as cultivares em estudo. Durante a produção, as folhas foram afetadas por pulgão, oídio e acidentes meteorológicos. Os acidentes fisiológicos que ocorreram nos frutos durante a produção incluíram fendilhamento na cultivar Védrantais e na NIL 5M2 e fendilhamento da zona pistilar na cultivar Fado. As NIL climactéricas com casca amarela revelaram-se muito suscetíveis à sobre-maturação, fendilhamento pistilar e queimaduras solares durante a produção. Duas NIL exibiram uma ligeira necrose do tecido placentar, carater herdado da linha PI161375. Outros acidentes fisiológicos atípicos observados na colheita ou após 30 dias a 8ºC incluíram casca verrugosa, descolorações castanho-claras na polpa, translucência da polpa, cavidades na polpa e ornamentação profundamente sulcada na casca, herdada do PI161375. Observou-se a ocorrência de podridões pouco usuais em melão, nomeadamente podridão cinzenta, podridão bacteriana, Penicillium sp., Phytium sp. e cladosporiose interna. Uma dureza da região pistilar inferior a 20 N mm-1 estava associada ao fendilhamento e ao amolecimento excessivo. A ocorrência destes acidentes fisiológicos ou podridões foi baixa para assegurar o envolvimento de fatores genéticos no seu desenvolvimento.

Postharvest disorders and rots can produce important economic losses in fruits stored for long time for exportation. The genetic and physiological basis of some disorders in melon (Cucumis melo L.) are unknown and particularly the possible relation with climacteric behavior. A collection of melon near-isogenic lines (NILs) (SC3-5 and seven more showing climacteric and two non-climacteric ripening pattern) were analyzed to study genetic and physiological aspects of fruit disorders and rots. Two non-climacteric (Nicolás; Inodorus Group; and Shongwan Charmi PI161375, Conomon Group) and two climacteric cultivars (Fado, Reticulatus Group; Védrantais, Cantaloupensis Group) were used as reference. The field was divided in eight blocks containing one three-plant replication for each NIL, two for the parental cultivar Piel de Sapo and one or two for the reference cultivars. Replications evaluated were more than six in the cultivars studied. Plant problems included aphids, powdery mildew, and leaf wind injury. Preharvest fruit disorders included whole fruit cracking in cultivar Védrantais and NIL 5M2, and stylar-end cracking in cultivar Fado. Climacteric NILs with yellow skin were particularly affected by over-ripening, stylar-end cracking, and sunburn during cultivation. At harvest, two NILs showed slight placental tissue necrosis which was inherited from SC and were also detected after storage. Other uncommon disorders seen at harvest or 30 days after storage at 8ºC included warted skin (scarring), flesh discoloration (light brown or translucent areas), hollow flesh disorder, and deep furrow netting inherited from SC. Less common rots included grey mould, bacterial soft rot, Penicillium rot, cottony leak and internal Cladosporium rot. Stylar-end hardness below 20 N·mm-1 was associated with cracking and softening. The incidence of the disorders and rots was too low to confirm that the genetic component played a role in their development.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi visualizar a associação entre microfissuras e outros sintomas na epiderme, induzidos pelo frio, e identificar as podridões de pepino (Cucumis sativus L.) por microscopia eletrônica de varredura. O início do desenvolvimento da lesão em pepino é caracterizado por depressões epidérmicas e pelo fendilhamento superficial, provocado pelo colapso das células subepidérmicas. A germinação dos conídios de Alternaria alternata, localizados nas fendas de pepino cultivar Trópico, ocorreu após o início do desenvolvimento dos sintomas dos danos, causados pelo frio, na epiderme do fruto. A germinação dos conídios de Stemphylium herbarum e a penetração do micélio na hipoderme pelas microfissuras ocorreram antes de os sintomas dos danos causados pelo frio se tornarem visíveis. Na cultivar Perichán 121 observou-se o fungo Botrytis cinerea.

The objective of this work was to visualize the association between microcracking and other epidermal chilling injury symptoms, and to identify rots in cucumber fruit (Cucumis sativus L.) by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Depressed epidermal areas and surface cracking due to damages of subepidermal cells characterized the onset of pitting in cucumber fruit. The germination of conidia of Alternaria alternata, with some of them evident on the fractures in the cultivar Trópico, occurred after damaging on the epidermis. Before, the chilling injury symptoms became visible, Stemphylium herbarum conidia germinated, and mycelium penetrated through the hypodermis using the microcracks as pathway. In the cultivar Perichán 121 the fungus was identified as Botrytis cinerea.

Our experience with the use of the Cuban human inmunoglobulin, intacglobin, as a therapeutical modality in a series of 8 patrients presenting with Guillain-Barré syndrome who required hospitalization in the Intensive Care Unit, is reported. Of the 8 cases, 5 presented with certain degree of ventilatory failure, and 3 needed mechanical ventilation. The only cause of mortality was sepsis which was responsible of 2 deaths. There were not complications with the use of this therapeutical modality which was applied with good results.

Se presenta nuestra experiencia con el uso de inmunoglobulina humana cubana, intacglobin, como modalidad terapéutica en una serie de 8 pacientes con síndrome de Guillain-Barré que requirieron ingreso en la Sala de Cuidados Intensivos, de ellos 5 tuvieron algún grado de insuficiencia ventilatoria y 3 necesitaron ventilación mecánica. La única causa de mortalidad fue la sepsis, responsable del fallecimiento de 2 pacientes. No hubo complicaciones por el uso de esta modalidad terapéutica que se aplicó con buenos resultados.